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VOLUME  I. 

The  Churches  of  Christ 
^~       IN  Council 

Prepared  by 

Charles  S.  Macfarland 

General  Secretary 

JFederal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America 


Published  for  the 
FEDERAL   COUNCIL   OF   THE  CHURCKES  OF   CHRIST   IN    AMERICA 

by  the 

MISSIONARY    EDUCATION     MOVEMENT 

NEW  YORK 


Library  of  Christian  Cooperation 

Edited  by 

Charles  S.  Macfarland 

General  Secretary 

of  the 

Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America 


Volume  I.  The  Churches  of  Christ  in  Council — prepared  by 
Charles  S.  Macfarland 

Volume  II.  The  Church  and  International  Relations:  Parts 
I  and  II — prepared  by  Sidney  L.  Gulick  and  Charles  S. 
Macfarland 

Volume  III.  The  Church  and  International  Relations :  Parts 
III  and  IV — prepared  by  Sidney  L.  Gulick  and  Charles 
S.  Macfarland 

Volume  IV.  The  Church  and  International  Relations: 
Japan — ^prepared  by  Charles  S.  Macfarland 

Volume  V.  Christian  Cooperation  and  World  Redemption — 
prepared  by  Charles  S.  Macfarland 

Volume  VI.  Cooperation  in  Christian  Education — prepared 
by  Henry  H.  Meyer 

Being  the  Reports  of  the  Council  and  its  Commissions  and 

Committees  to  the  Third  Quadrennial  Meeting  of 

St.  Louis,  Mo.,  December,  1916 

Published  far  the 
Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America 

by  the 

MISSIONARY  EDUCATION  MOVEMENT 

NEW  YORK 


NATIONAL  OFFICES  OF  THE  FEDERAL  COUNCIL 

Including : 

Commission  on  the  Church  and  Social  Service 

Commission  on  International  Justice  and  Good-will 

Commission  on  Christian  Education 

Commission  on  Interchurch  Federations  (State  and  Local) 

Commission  on  Relations  with  the  Orient 

Committee  on  Home  Missions 

Committee  on  Foreign  Missions 

Committee  on  Family  Life  and  Religious  Rest  Day 

611-614  United  Charities  Buiding, 

105  East  22d  Street, 

New  York  City. 


Office  of  Printing  and  Publication  Department,  1 

604  United  Charities  Building,  ? 

105  East  22d  Street,  t 

New  York  City.  i 


Washington  Office  of  the  Federal  Council,  and  i 

the  Religious  Welfare  League  for  the  Army  and  Navy,  \ 

II 12  Woodward  Building,  i 

Washington,  D.  C.  \ 


Offices  of  National  Temperance  Society  and                   J 

Commission  on  Temperance,  | 

289  Fourth  Avenue,  I 

New  York  City.  | 

i 

Branch  Office  of  the  Commission  on  the  i 

Church  and  Country  Life,  j 

Commercial  Building,  j 

104  North  Third  Street,  f: 

Columbus,  Ohio,  * 


VOLUME  I. 

THE  CHURCHES  OF  CHRIST 
—  IN  COUNCIL 


Prepared  by 

Charles  S.  Macfarland 

General  Secretary, 

Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America 


Published  for  the 
Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America 

by  the 

MISSIONARY  EDUCATION  MOVEMENT 

NEW  YORK 


Ft  Ai^ 


COPYRIGHT.  1917,  BY 

FEDERAL  COUNWI   TF  THE    CHURCHES 

OF  CHRIST  IN  AMERICA 


CONTENTS 

PAGE 

1.  Introduction   1 

2.  Preliminary  Conferences  and  Official  Program  of  the  Third 

Quadrennial  Meeting  of  the  Federal  Council  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.      2 

3.  Minutes  of  the  Third  Quadrennial  Meeting  12 

4.  Minutes  of  the  Executive  Committee,  St.  Louis,  Mo 52 

5.  Address  of  the  President,  Dean  Shailer  Mathews 54 

6.  Report  of  the   Committee  of   Fifteen 69 

7.  Report  of  the  Executive  Committee  80 

8.  Address  of  the  Honorary  Secretary,  Rev.  E.  B.  Sanford 150 

9.  Report  of  the  General  Secretary,  including  the  Reports  of  the 

Associate  and  Field  Secretaries 155 

10.  Report  of  the  Treasurer  270 

11.  Report  of  the  Religious  Press  Conference  277 

12.  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Publicity  279 

13.  Report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Celebration  of  the  Four 

Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Protestant  Reformation 282 

14.  Conference  on  Interdenominational,  Non-denominational,  and 

Related  Denominational  Organizations  284 

15.  Minutes  of  the  Conference  of  Theological  Seminaries 293 

16.  Constitution  and  By-Laws  301 

17.  List  of  Official  Delegates  and  Alternates  and  of  Delegates 

Seated  by  the  Council   309 

18.  Committees  of  the  Church  Federation  of  St.  Louis 348 

19.  Officers  and  Executive  Committee  Elected  at  the  Third  Quad- 

rennial  Meeting    350 

20.  Commissions    and    Committees    Appointed    for    the    Second 

Quadrennium,   1916-1920    360 


yW 


.^  !j-:  •:• 


Introduction  J 

This  volume  consists  of  the  official  record  of  the  Council 

of  19 16,  together  with  the  administrative  reports  and  other  i 

matter  confined  to  the  administration  of  the  Council.  j 

The  reports  of  the  commissions  will  comprise  the  other  five 

volumes  of  the  Library  of  Christian  Cooperation.  ; 

For  the  complete  record  of  work  for  the  quadrennium,  1 

the  Annual  Reports  of  1913,  1914,  and  1915  should  be  con-.  | 

suited.     Other   informational   material   also   appears   in   the  \ 

Federal  Council  Year  Book,  the  Year  Book  of  the  Church  and  ] 

Social  Service,  and  the  several  other  volumes  issued  by  the  ^ 

publication  department.  \ 


«'^***  r 


n. 

The  Third  Quadrennial  Meeting  of  the  Federal 

Coimcil  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America, 

at  the  Second  Baptist  Church,  St.  Louis, 

Missouri,  December,  1916 

PRELIMINARY  AND  PREPARATORY  CONFERENCES 

AND   MEETINGS   MONDAY,    TUESDAY,   AND, 

WEDNESDAY,— DECEMBER  4,  5,  AND  6 

MEETINGS  OF  COMMITTEES  AND  COMMISSIONS 

The  Administrative  and  Executive  Committees 

Commissions  on  Evangelism,  Federated  Movements,  Christian  Educa- 
tion, Temperance,  Country  Life,  The  Church  and  Social  Service, 
Peace  and  Arbitration,  Relations  with  Japan,  Home  Missions, 
Foreign  Missions,  State  and  Local  Federations,  Family  Life,  Sun- 
day Observance,  Negro  Churches. 

CONFERENCES 
Conference  of  Theological  Seminaries 
Conference  of  Religious  Press 
Conference  of  Denominational  and  Interdenominational  Organizations 

Adult  Bible  Qass  and  Brotherhood  Movements 
(Denominational  and  Interdenominational) 

American  Sunday  School  Union 

Council  of  Women  for  Home  Missions 

Home  Missions  Council 

International  Committee  of  Young  Men's  Christian  Associations 

International  Sunday  School  Association 

Laymen's  Missionary  Movement 

Local,  County,  and  State  Federations 

Missionary  Education  Movement 

National  Board  of  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Associations 

Sunday  School  Council  of  Evangelical  Denominations 

Young  People's  Organizations 

(Denominational  and  Interdenominational) 
Second  Annual  Conference  of  City  Executive  Secretaries 


OFFICIAL  PROGRAM  I 

MEETINGS 
The  Commission  on  Evangelism  in  the  Second  Baptist  Church  on 
Monday  evening  at  8  o'clock. 

SPECIAL  PUBLIC  MEETINGS 

(Other  Than  Those  in  the  Official  Program) 

During  the  Sessions  of  the  Council 

December  6-11 

NOONDAY  MEETINGS 
Columbia  Theater 
Meetings  on  Monday,  Tuesday,  Wednesday,  Thursday,  Friday,  and 
Saturday  noons.    General  subject:  The  Great  Messages  of  the  Gospel. 

SHOP  AND  FACTORY  MEETINGS 
Shop  and  factory  meetings,  addressed  by  the  delegates  each  noon, 
in  charge  of  the  local  committee,  assisted  by  Rev.  Charles  Stelzle  and 
Rev.   Howard  Billman,   Secretary  for  Fvangelism  of   the   St.   Louis 
Federation. 


OFFICIAL  PROGRAM 

of  the 

■      THIRD  QUADRENNIAL  MEETING 

of  the 

FEDERAL  COUNCIL  OF  THE  CHURCHES  OF 

CHRIST  IN  AMERICA 

Second  Baptist  Church,  St.  Louis,  Missouri 

Wednesday,  December  6,  to  Monday,  December  11,  1916 

WEDNESDAY  AFTERNOON,  DECEMBER  SIXTH 

2.30  P.M. 

Prayer  and  Preparation. 

President  Shailer  Mathews,  Presiding. 

Devotional  service: 

Reading  of  the  Scripture.     Bishop  S.  C.  Breyfogel   (Evangelical 
Association). 

Prayer.    Bishop  W.  H.  Fouke  (United  Evangelical  Church). 
Preliminary  report  of  the  Executive  Committee. 
Reports  of  other  committees. 
Calling  of  the   roll. 

Report  of  the  Committee  of  the  Church  Federation  of  St.  Louis. 
Appointment  of  committees  and  officers. 
Report   of   the    Committee   of    Fifteen.     Rev.    Frank    M.    Thomas, 

Chairman.  < 

Election  of  officers. 
Election  of  the  president. 

Prayer.    Bishop  E.  D.  Mouzon  (Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South). 
Benediction.     Rev.   William   H.   Black    (Presbyterian   Church  in  the 

U.  S.  A.). 
Adjournment. 

WEDNESDAY  EVENING,  DECEMBER  SIXTH 

7.45  P.M. 

"He  that  is  greatest  among  you  shall  be  your  servant" 

Rt  Rev.  Samuel  Fallows,  Vice-President,  Presiding, 

4 


OFFICIAL  PROGRAM  5 

Devotional  service: 

Reading  of  the  Scripture.    Rev.  F.  G.  Coffin  (Christian  Church). 

Prayer.     Bishop  C.  J.  Kephart  (United  Brethren). 
Welcome  from  the  ministers  of  St.  Louis.    Right  Rev.  D.  S.  Tuttle, 

Presiding  Bishop. 
Addresses  of  welcome  to  the  State  and  City: 

Former  President  Bishop  E.  R.  Hendrix,  representing  the  State 
of  Missouri. 

Very  Rev.  Carroll  M.  Davis,  President  of  the  Church  Federation 
of  St.  Louis,  representing  the  City  of  St.  Louis. 
Address  of  the  President,  Professor  Shailer  Mathews. 
Induction  of  the  newly-elected  President  by  the  retiring  President. 
Address  by  the  President-elect. 
Prayer.     Rev.    Maitland    Alexander    (Presbyterian    Church    in    the 

U.  S.  A.). 
Prayer  and  Benediction.    Rev.  William  H.  Roberts,  former  chairman 

of  the  Executive  Committee. 
Adjournment. 
The  evening  session  will  be  followed  by  an  informal  reception. 

THURSDAY  MORNING,  DECEMBER  SEVENTH 

9.00  A.M. 

"Lei  a  man  also  account  of  us  as  of  ministers  of  Christ  and 

stewards  of  the  mysteries  of  God,** 

The  President  of  the  Council,  Presiding. 

Devotional   service: 

Reading  of  the  Scripture.    Bishop  L.  J.  Coppin  (African  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church). 

Prayer.    Rev.  G.  H.  Miller  (Methodist  Protestant  Church),  Rev. 
E.  H.  Delk  (Lutheran  General  Synod). 
Business. 
Report    of    the    Executive    Committee,    Rev.    Frank    Mason    North, 

Chairman. 
Report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Quadri-Centennial  of  the  Protestant 

Reformation,  Rev.  William  H.  Roberts,  Chairman. 
Report  of  the  Committee  on  Religious   Publicity,  Rev.   Howard  B. 

Grose,  Chairman. 
Reports  of  other  committees. 
Report  of  the   General   Secretary,   Associate   Secretaries,   and   Field 

Secretary. 
Report  of  the  Treasurer,  Alfred  R.  Kimball. 


6  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Message  of  the  Honorary  Secretary,  Rev.  Elias  B.  Sanftrd. 

Business. 

Prayer.     Rev.  Jesse  W.  Brooks   (Reformed  Church  in  America). 

Adjournment. 

THURSDAY  AFTERNOON,  DECEMBER  SEVENTH 

2.15  P.M. 
Cooperation  in  the  Spiritual  Development  of  the  Nation. 
Rev.  Charles  L.  White  (Northern  Baptist  Convention),  Presiding. 

Devotional  service: 

Reading  of  the  Scripture.    Willard  O.  Trueblood  (Friends). 
Prayer.    Rev.   R.   A.    Hutchison    (United    Presbyterian   Church), 
Rev.   H.  J.  Kiekhoefer   (Evangelical  Association). 
2.45.  Business. 

3.00.  Report  of  the  Commission  on  Home  Missions,  Rev.  Hubert  C. 
Herring,  Chairman. 
Report  of  the  Home  Missions  Council,  Rev.  Charles  L.  Thomp- 
son, Chairman. 
3.30.  Discussion. 

4.15.  Report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Negro  Churches,  Bishop  Wilbur 
P.  Thirkield,  Chairman. 
Report   presented  by   Rev.    R.    E.   Jones    (Methodist    Episcopal 
Church). 
4.30.  Discussion  opened  by  Rev.  J.  W.   Gilbert    (Colored   Methodist 
Episcopal  Church),  Bishop  C.  T.  Shaflfer  (African  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church),  Rev.   E.  C.   Morris   (President,  National 
Baptist  Convention),   Bishop  L.   W.   Kyles    (African   M.   E. 
Zion  Church). 
Prayer.     Rev.  J.   K.   Farris    (Methodist   Episcopal   CHiurch,   South). 

Bishop  H.  B.  Parks  (African  M.  E.  Church). 
6.(X).  Adjournment. 

THURSDAY  EVENING.  DECEMBER  SEVENTH 

8.00  P.  M. 

Interdenominational  Movements  and  Young  People's  Movements  for 

the  Kingdom  of  God. 
Bishop  W.   F.   Anderson    (Methodist   Episcopal   Church),   Presiding. 
Devotional  service: 

Reading   of   the   Scripture.     Bishop   S.    P.    Spreng    (Evangelical 
Association). 


OFFICIAL  PROGRAM  7 

Prayer.    Rev.  Henry  H.  Apple  (Reformed  Church  in  the  U.  S.). 

"Cooperation,  Efficiency  and  Social  Redemption."    Raymond  Robins. 

Prayer  and  Benediction.    Rev.  George  Nussmann  (German  Evangeli- 
cal Synod). 

FRIDAY  MORNING,  DECEMBER  EIGHTH 

9.30  A.M. 

Christian  Cooperation  in  Cities  and  Towns. 

Bishop  E.  E.  Hoss  (Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South),  Presiding. 

Devotional  service: 

Reading  of  the  Scripture.     Rev.  R.  F.  Kirkpatrick  (Presbyterian 

Church  in  U.  S.). 
Prayer.     Bishop    C.    H.    Phillips    (Colored    Methodist    Episcopal 
Church). 
10.00.  Business. 

10.30.  Report   of  the   Commission   on    State   and   Local   Federations, 
Rev.  A.  W.  Anthony,  Chairman. 
Report  of  the  Commission  on  Federated  Movements,  Fred  B. 
Smith,  Chairman. 
11.00.  Discussion. 
12.00.  Business. 

Prayer.    President  Joseph  W.  Mauck  (Free  Baptist  Churches). 
12.30.  Adjournment. 

FRIDAY  AFTERNOON,  DECEMBER  EIGHTH 

2.30  P.M. 

Christian  Cooperation  in  Rural  Communities. 

Rev.  Professor  Plato  T.  Durham  (Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South), 

Presiding. 
Devotional  service: 

Reading  of  the  Scripture.     Rev.  J.  A.  Hamlett   (Colored  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church). 
Prayer.    Rev.  C.  R.  Nisbet  (Presbyterian  Church  in  U.  S.), 
Rev.  J.  M.  Philippi  (United  Brethren). 
Business. 
3.00.  Report  of  the   Commission  on  the   Church   and   Country  Life, 

Gifford   Pinchot,   Chairman. 
3.30.  Discussion. 
4.30.  Business. 

Prayer.    Rev.  W.  E.  Evans  (Welsh  Presbyterian  Church). 
5.30.  Adjournment. 


S  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

FRIDAY  EVENING,  DECEMBER  EIGHTH 

8.00  P.M. 

Social  Evangelism  and  the  Brotherhood  of  Races. 

Rev.  President  John  A.  Marquis  (Moderator,  Presbyterian  Church  in 

the  U.  S.  A.),  Presiding. 
Devotional  service: 

Reading  of  the  Scripture.     Rev.   President  I.  N.  McCash   (Dis- 
ciples of  Christ). 
Prayer.    Rev.  John  F.  Cannon  (Pastor  Westminster  Presbyterian 
Church  in  the  U.  S.). 
Addresses  by  Rev.  Harry  F.  Ward  and  Professor  Edward  A.  Steiner. 
Prayer  and  benediction.     Rev.  Mosheim  Rhodes   (Lutheran  General 
Synod). 

SATURDAY  MORNING,  DECEMBER  NINTH 

9.15  A.M. 

International  Friendship,  Good-will,  and  Redemption. 

George  Innes  (United  Presbyterian  Church),  Presiding. 

Devotional  service: 

Reading  of  the  Scripture.    Rt.  Rev.  Ethelbert  Talbot  (Protestant 

Episcopal  Church). 
Prayer.    Rev.  President  J.  Ross  Stevenson  (Presbyterian  Church 
in  the  U.  S.  A.). 
9.45.  Business. 

10.00.  Report   of   the   Commission   on   Foreign    Missions,    Robert   E. 
Speer,  Chairman. 
Report  presented  by  Rev.  S.  S.  Hough  (United  Brethren). 
10.30.  Discussion. 

11.00.  Report  of  the  Commission  on  Peace  and  Arbitration,  Rev.  J.  B. 
Remensnyder,  Chairman. 
Report  presented  by  Bishop  W.  M.  Bell  (United  Brethren). 
Report  of  the  Commission  on  Relations  with  Japan,  Hamilton 

Holt,  Chairman. 
Report    of    the   American    Peace    Centenary    Committee,    Rev. 
Frederick  Lynch,  Secretary. 
11.30.  Discussion. 
12.15.  Business. 

Prayer.     Rev.  Arthur  E.  Main   (Seventh  Day  Baptist  Church), 
Rev.  N.  Walling  Clark  (Methodist  Episcopal  Church). 
12.30.  Adjournment. 


OFFICIAL  PROGRAM  9 

SATURDAY  AFTERNOON,  DECEMBER  NINTH 

2.30  P.M. 

The  Sacredness  of  the  Home, 

Hon.    Henry    M.    Beardsley    (Moderator,    Congregational    National 

Council),    Presiding. 
Devotional  Service: 

Reading  of  the  Scripture.    Ross  A.  Hadley  (Friends).     ^ 
Prayer.     Rev.  Graham  Frank   (Disciples  of  Christ), 

Rev.  S.  J.  Gamertsf elder   (Evangelical  Association). 
3.00.  Report  of  the  Commission  on  Family  Life,  Rev.  George  P.  Eck- 

man,  Chairman. 
3.30.  Discussion. 
4.00.  Report  of  the  Commission  on  Sunday  Observance.     Rev.  Ptter 

Ainslie,  Chairman. 
4.30.  Discussion. 
5.00.  Report  of  the  Commission  on  Temperance,  Rev.  Rufus  W.  Miller, 

Chairman. 
5.30.  Discussion. 

Prayer.    Rev.  Albert  Haupert  (Moravian  Church). 
6.00.  Adjournment. 

SATURDAY  EVENING.  DECEMBER  NINTH 

7.30  P.M. 

*'The  Truth  shall  make  you  free." 

'7  am  the  Way,  the  Truth  and  the  Life." 

Rev.  Edgar  Blake  (Methodist  Episcopal  Church),  Presiding. 

Devotional  Service: 

Reading  of  the   Scripture.     Rev.  Frank  K.   Sanders   (Congrega- 
tional Churches). 
Prayer.   Rev.  Lester  C.  Randolph  (Seventh-Day  Baptist  Church), 
Rev.  A.  S.  Creswell  (Reformed  Presbyterian  Church). 
8.00.  Report  of  the  Commission  on  Christian  Education,  Rev.  Wilbur 

F.  Tillett,   Chairman. 
8.30.  Discussion. 

9.00.  Report  of  the  Conference  of  Theological  Seminaries. 
9.15.  Discussion. 

9.30.  Report  of  the  Conference  of  the  Religious  Press. 
9.45.  Discussion. 

Prayer.    Rev.  Philip  Vollmer  (Reformed  Church  in  the  U.  S.). 
10.00.  Adjournment. 


10  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

SUNDAY,  DECEMBER  TENTH 
The  local  pulpits  will  be  supplied  by  delegates  in  the  morning  and 
evening. 

In  the  afternoon,  at  3.30  o'clock,  there  will  be  a  public  meeting 
addressed  by  William  Jennings  Bryan. 

Rev.  J.  Layton  Mauze  (Pastor  of  the  Central  Presbyterian  Church, 
and   Chairman  of   the  Local   Department   of   Evangelism),   Pre- 
siding. 
Devotional  Service: 

Reading    of    the    Scripture.     Rev.    James    W.    Lee     (Methodist 

Episcopal  Church,  South). 
Prayer.    Rev.  S.  H.  Woodrow  (Pastor  of  Pilgrim  Congregational 
Church). 
Prayer  and  benediction.     Rev.  John   Baltzer    (President-General  of 
the  German   Evangelical  Synod). 

MONDAY  MORNING,  DECEMBER  ELEVENTH 

9.00  A.M. 

The  Supreme  Mission  of  the  Gospel — the  Redemption  of  Mankind. 

Rt.  Rev.  Morris  W.  Leibert  (Moravian  Church),  Presiding. 
Devotional  Service: 

Reading  of  the  Scripture.     Professor  G.  A.  Haury   (Mennonite 

General  Conference). 
Prayer.    Rev.   D.  J.  Brandt   (Mennonite  General   Conference), 
Rev.  J.  U.   Schneider   (German  Evangelical  Synod). 
9.30.  Report  of   the   Commission   on   Evangelism,   Rev.   William   H. 
Roberts,  Chairman. 
Report    of    the    Committee    of    One    Hundred    for    Religious 
Activities   at   the   Panama-Pacific   Exposition,   Bishop   Edwin 
H.  Hughes,  Chairman. 
Report  presented  by  Rev.  President  Warren  H.  Landon  (Pres- 
byterian Church  in  the  U.  S.  A.),  of  San  Francisco. 
10.15.  Discussion. 
10.45.  Report  of  the  Commission  on  the  Church  and  Social  Service, 

Rev.  Worth   M.  Tippy,  Chairman. 
11.15.  Discussion. 

Prayer.    Rev.  J.  G.  Walz  (United  Evangelical  Church). 
12.45.  Adjournment. 


OFFICIAL  PROGRAM  11 

MONDAY  AFTERNOON,  DECEMBER  ELEVENTH 
2.30  P.M. 
Prayer  and  Preparation  for  the  Future  Task. 
The  President  of  the  Council,  Presiding. 
Devotional   Service: 

Reading  of  the  Scripture.    Rev.  T.  Lehmann  (German  Evangelical 

Synod). 
Prayer.    Rev.  J.  G.  Finkbeiner  (United  Evangelical  Church). 
Rev.  D.  F.  McGill    (United  Presbyterian  Church). 
3.00.  Business 

Including  election  of  Vice-Presidents,   Principals,  and   Alternates 
of  Executive  Committee.    Appointment  of  Commissions. 
4.30.  A  season  of  intercession,  led  by  the  President,  Honorary  Secre- 
tary,  General  Secretary. 

MONDAY  EVENING,  DECEMBER  ELEVENTH 

8.00  P.M. 

The  Battle  with  the  Forces  of  Iniquity. 

The  President  of  the  Council,  Presiding. 

Devotional  Service: 

Reading   of   the    Scripture.     Rev.    Lyman    E.    Davis    (President, 

Methodist    Protestant   General    Conference). 
Prayer.     Rev.  J.  F.  Burnett  (Christian  Church). 
Addresses  by  Rev.  Charles  Stelzle  and  Rev.  Daniel  A.  Poling. 
Prayer.    Rev.  Professor  W.  A.  Granville  (Lutheran  General  Synod). 
Prayer  and  benediction.     President  of  the  Federal  Council. 

The  changes  in  the  program  as  adopted,  are  noted  in  the  minutes 
of  the  Council. 


m. 

Minutes  of  the  Third  Quadrennial  Meeting 

of  the 
FEDERAL  COUNCIL  OF  THE  CHURCHES  OF 
CHRIST  IN  AMERICA,  ST.  LOUIS,  MISSOURI, 

DECEMBER  6-11,  1916 

The  Third  Quadrennial  Meeting  of  the  Federal  Council 
of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America  was  called  to  order 
in  the  Second  Baptist  Church,  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  on  Wed- 
nesday, December  6,  at  2  P.  M.,  by  the  President,  Dean  Shailer 
Mathews. 

The  devotional  service  was  conducted  by  Bishop  S.  C. 
Breyfogel,  who  read  the  Scripture,  and  by  Bishop  W.  H. 
Fouke,  who  offered  prayer. 

The  roll  of  the  constituent  bodies  was  called  by  the  Re- 
cording Secretary  and  each  body  in  the  Council  responded 
through  its  accredited  members. 

The  preliminary  report  of  the  Executive  Committee  was 
presented  by  Rev.  Frank  Mason  North,  Chairman. 

The  printed  program  contained  in  the  Handbook,  as  recom- 
mended by  the  Executive  Committee,  was  adopted  as  the 
official  program  of  the  Council. 

The  following  resolutions  pertaining  to  business  were 
adopted : 

Resolved: 

1.  That  the  present  Executive  Committee  be  continued  in  the 
management  of  the  program  throughout  the  sessions  of  the  Council 
and  that  the  committee  appointed  by  the  Church  Federation  of  St. 
Louis  also  be  requested  to  continue  to  act  upon  the  matters  entrusted 
to  it  until  the  business  be  completed; 

2.  That  the  committee  on  business,  authorized  by  By-Law  No.  6 
of  the  Council,  be  appointed  by  the  president  in  accordance  with  said 
By-Law  No.  6,  which  reads,  "The  Council  shall  appoint  a  committee 
on  business  to  which  shall  be  referred  all  matters  connected  with  the 
proceedings  of  the  Council  while  in  session,  and  all  such  papers  and 

12 


QUADRENNIAL  MEETING  MINUTES  l3 

documents  as  to  the  Council  may  seem  proper.  It  shall  consist  of 
two  members  from  each  church  having  twenty  or  more  representatives 
in  the  Council  and  one  from  each  having  less  than  twenty 
representatives ;" 

3.  That  the  reports  of  the  Executive  Committee,  the  secretaries, 
commissions,  and  other  committees,  in  such  detail  as  may  be  necessary, 
be  printed  in  volumes  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Council  hereby 
authorized ; 

4.  That  ten  minutes  be  allotted  to  the  chairman  for  the  presenta- 
tion of  reports,  that  five  minutes  be  given  to  each  other  speaker,  and 
five  minutes  to  the  chairman  to  close  the  discussion; 

5.  That  the  Committee  of  Fifteen,  vacancy  in  which  may  be  filled 
by  appointment  of  the  president,  shall  prepare  a  letter  to  the  churches 
represented  in  the  Council,  presenting  in  an  appropriate  manner  results 
of  the  deliberations; 

6.  That  five  assistant  secretaries  shall  be  appointed  by  the  re- 
cording secretary,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  keep  the  record  of  the 
proceedings  of  the  Council,  file  and  preserve  papers,  and  perform  such 
other  duties  as  may  be  assigned  to  them; 

7.  That  the  General  Secretary  be  authorized  to  appoint  necessary 
assistants  for  the  administration  of  the  Council  during  this  session; 

8.  That  the  rules  of  order  used  at  the  Chicago  Council  of  1912 
be  adopted  for  use  during  the  Council. 

It  was 

Voted,  To  adopt  the  report  as  a  whole. 

The  Report  of  the  Committee  of  the  Church  Federation 
of  St.  Louis  was  presented  by  the  Chairman,  Rev.  W.  C. 
Bitting,  who  gave  in  detail  the  preparations  made  by  the 
Federation  for  the  sessions  of  the  Council. 

The  General  Secretary,  Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  an- 
nounced as  his  Assistant,  Rev.  Teunis  E.  Gouwens,  who  was 
presented  to  the  Council. 

President  Mathews  introduced  the  following  as  the 
"spiritual  fathers  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America,"  Rev. 
William  H.  Roberts,  Bishop  E.  R.  Hendrix,  and  Rev.  E.  B. 
Sanford,  the  first  Corresponding  Secretary  and  present 
Honorary  Secretary  of  the  Council. 

By  request,  General  Secretary  Macfarland,  who  was  in- 
troduced to  the  Council  by  President  Mathews,  introduced 
Secretaries  Carroll  and  Stelzle,  Assistant  Secretary  Rev.  E. 
W.  Rankin,  and  Rev.  Roy  B.  Guild,  Executive  Secretary 
of  the  Commission  on  Federated  Movements ;  referring  also  to 


-    14  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

the  other  Secretaries  who  were  not  present,  Secretaries  Sidney 
L.  Gulick,  James  A.  Whitmore,  and  Charles  O.  Gill,  and  the 
voluntary  Secretaries,  Rev.  William  E.  Biederwolf,  Rev.  Henry 
H.  Meyer,  and  Rev.  Charles  Scanlon. 

The  Treasurer,  Alfred  R.  Kimball,  and  the  Recording 
Secretary,  Rev.  Rivington  D.  Lord,  were  also  introduced  to 
the  Council. 

The  President  appointed  the  following  Business  Committee : 

Rev.  Albert  G.  Lawson  (Baptist) 

Rev.  Howard  B.  Grose  (Baptist) 

President  J.  W.  Mauck  (Free  Baptist) 

Rev.  C.  H.  Parrish  (National  Baptist  Convention) 

Rev.  W.  H.  Jernagin  (National  Baptist  Convention) 

Rev.  O.   W.   Powers    (Christian   Church) 

Rev.  R.  A.  Beard  (Congregational  Churches) 

Rev.  J.  F.  Lane  (Colored  M.  E.  Church  in  America) 

Rev.  F.  W.  Burnham  (Disciples  of  Christ) 

Rev.  F.  D.  Kershner  (Disciples  of  Christ) 

Rev.  John  Baltzer   (German  Evangelical   Synod) 

Bishop  S.  P.  Spreng  (Evangelical  Association) 

Ross  A.  Hadley   (Friends) 

Rev.  E.  Heyl  Delk  (Lutheran  General  Synod) 

Rev.  D.  J.  Brandt  (Mennonite) 

Rev.  Worth  M.  Tippy   (Methodist  Episcopal) 

Rev.  C.  F.  Rice  (Methodist  Episcopal) 

Bishop  E.  R.  Hendrix   (Methodist  Episcopal,   South) 

Rev.  J.  M.  Moore   (Methodist  Episcopal,  South) 

John  R.  Hawkins  (African  Methodist  Episcopal) 

Bishop  L.  W.  Kyles   (African  Methodist  Episcopal  Zion) 

Rev.  Lyman  E.  Davis   (Methodist  Protestant) 

Bishop  Morris  W.  Leibert   (Moravian) 

Rev.  William  H.  Roberts  (Presbyterian  in  the  U.  S.  A.) 

William  H.  Scott  (Presbyterian  in  the  U.  S.  A.) 

Rev.  William  Crowe  (Presbyterian  in  the  U,  S.) 

John  M.  Glenn   (Protestant  Episcopal) 

Very  Rev.  Carroll  M.  Davis   (Protestant  Episcopal) 

Rev.  Oscar  M.  Voorhees  (Reformed  Church  in  America) 

Bishop  R.  L.  Rudolph  (Reformed  Episcopal) 

Rev.  C.  E.  Schaeffer  (Reformed  Church  in  the  U.  S.) 

Rev.  A.  S.  Creswell  (Reformed  Presbyterian) 

President  Boothe  C.  Davis   (Seventh-Day  Baptist) 

Bishop  G.  M.  Mathews  (United  Brethren) 


QUADRENNIAL  MEETING  MINUTES  15 

Bishop  W.  H.  Fouke  (United  Evangelical) 
Rev.  D.  F.  McGill  (United  Presbyterian) 
Rev.  W.  E.  Evans    (Welsh  Presbyterian) 

The  report  of  the  Committee  of  Fifteen  was  presented  by 
Rev.  Frank  M.  Thomas,  the  chairman,  who  was  instructed  by 
vote  of  the  Council  to  read  the  report  in  full. 

It  was 

Voted,  to  receive  the  report  and  refer  the  recommendations 
to  the  Business  Committee. 

The  following  amendment  to  the  Report  of  the  Committee 
was  also  referred  to  the  Business  Committee. 

That  the  General  Secretary  of  the  Council  send  a  copy  of 
the  official  report  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Quadrennial  meet- 
ing of  the  Council  to  the  President  or  Secretary  or  other 
person  in  authority  in  the  supreme  judicatory  of  each  of  the 
constituent  churches  of  the  Council,  for  consideration  and 
action. 

It  was 

Voted,  that  the  Business  Committee  be  requested  to  change 
the  name  of  the  Commission  on  Peace  and  Arbitration  to  the 
Commission  on  International  Justice  and  Good-will. 

A  resolution  concerning  temporary  delegates  was  referred 
to  the  Business  Committee. 

The  Committee  on  Credentials  was  appointed  by  the  Presi- 
dent, consisting  of  Rev.  Albert  G.  Lawson,  Alfred  R.  Kimball, 
and  Rev.  Alfred  Williams  Anthony. 

It  was 

Voted,  that  members  of  the  Commissions,  not  delegates 
to  the  Council,  be  given  the  privilege  of  the  floor  as  correspond- 
ing members,  but  without  vote. 

A  number  of  resolutions,  presented  by  title  on  behalf  of 
various  members,  by  the  General  Secretary,  were  referred  to 
the  Business  Committee. 

A  season  of  prayer  followed  which  was  closed  by  Dean 
H.  M.  Dobbs  and  the  benediction  was  pronounced  by  Rev. 
William  H.  Black. 

It  was 

Voted,  To  take  a  recess  until  7.45  P.  M. 


16  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Wednesday  Evening,  December  6,  19 16 

7.45  P.  M. 

Rt.  Rev.  Samuel  Fallows^  Vice-President,  presiding. 

The  Scripture  was  read  by  Rev.  F.  G.  Coffin.  Prayer  was 
offered  by  Bishop  C.  J.  Kephart. 

The  presiding  officer  introduced,  as  the  representative  of 
Rt.  Rev.  D.  S.  Tuttle,  Presiding  Bishop  of  St.  Louis,  Bishop 
Ethelbert  Talbot,  who  gave  the  welcome  of  the  Council  from 
the  ministers  of  St.  Louis. 

The  address  of  welcome  in  behalf  of  the  State  of  Missouri 
was  given  by  Bishop  Eugene  R.  Hendrix,  former  President 
of  the  Council. 

The  address  of  welcome  in  behalf  of  the  City  of  St.  Louis 
was  given  by  the  Very  Rev.  Carrol  M.  Davis,  President  of 
the  Church  Federation  of  St.  Louis. 

A  response  to  these  addresses  was  given  by  Dean  Shailer 
Mathews,  President  of  the  Council,  who  then  gave  the  presi- 
dential address. 

Rev.  Howard  B.  Grose  presented  the  following  report  of 
the  Executive  Committee,  on  nominations  for  the  officers  of 
the  Council: 

For  President,  Frank  Mason  North;  for  Recording  Secre- 
tary, Rivington  D.  Lord ;  for  Treasurer,  Alfred  R.  Kimball. 

It  was 

Voted,  To  receive  the  report  and  that  the  General  Secretary 
cast  the  ballot  of  the  Council  for  the  persons  nominated. 

Secretary  Macfarland  cast  the  ballot  of  the  Council  and 
the  President  declared  the  following  officers  to  be  duly  elected : 

President,  Frank  Mason  North 
Recording  Secretary,  Rivington  D.  Lord 
Treasurer,  Alfred  R.  Kimball 

Dr.  Mathews  presented  the  newly  elected  President,  Rev. 
Frank  Mason  North,  who  made  an  address  to  the  Council. 
Dr.  North  accepted  the  election  conditionally,  his  continuance 
in  the  office  being  subject  to  his  decision  after  consultation 
with  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  of  which  he  is  a  Corresponding  Secretary  and  with 
personal  friends. 


QUADRENNIAL  MEETING  MINUTES  17 

Prayer  was  offered  by  Rev.  Charles  Little,  former 
Moderator  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
in  the  U.  S.  A. 

The  benediction  was  pronounced  by  Rev.  William  H. 
Roberts. 


Thursday  Morning,  December  7,  19 16 
9.25  A.  M. 

The  Council  was  called  to  order  by  President  Frank  Mason 
North. 

After  the  singing  of  a  hymn,  Bishop  L.  J.  Coppin  of  the 
African  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  read  the  Scripture.  Rev. 
Lyman  E.  Davis,  and  Rev.  E.  Heyl  Delk  offered  prayer. 

The  minutes  of  the  sessions  of  the  Council  of  Wednesday 
afternoon  and  evening  were  read  and  approved. 

The  Recording  Secretary  announced  the  appointment  of 
the  following  assistants:  Rev.  Charles  E.  Schaeffer,  Rev. 
Robert  A.  Ashworth,  Rev.  Robert  Hunter,  Rev.  William  T. 
McElveen,  and  Rev.  C.  M.  Tanner. 

The  report  of  the  Executive  Committee  was  presented  by 
the  Vice-Chairman,  Rev.  Howard  B.  Grose,  and  was  referred 
to  the  Business  Committee. 

Rt.  Rev.  D.  S.  Tuttle,  Presiding  Bishop  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church,  was  introduced  and  addressed  words  of  wel- 
come to  the  Council.  The  President  called  upon  former  Presi- 
dent Dean  Shailer  Mathews,  who  responded. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Quadri- 
centennial  of  the  Protestant  Reformation  be  assigned  to  a 
later  place  upon  the  program. 

A  resolution  relating  to  the  disabled  ministers  and  mis- 
sionaries of  the  churches  was  referred  to  thp  Business  Com- 
mittee. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  report  of  the  Committee  on  Religious 
Publicity  be  made  a  special  order  at  the  session  on  Saturday 
evening. 

The  report  of  the  General  Secretary  was  presented  by 
Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland. 


18  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

At  the  request  of  Bishop  E.  R.  Hendrix,  Dr.  Macfarland 
made  a  statement  as  to  his  personal  conferences  and  corre- 
spondence, by  letter,  cable,  and  wireless,  with  leaders  in  political 
and  other  circles  in  Europe. 

The  following  communications  were  received  and  read 
by  the  President: 

CABLE 

London,  December  6,  1916 
Macfarland,  Second  Baptist  Church 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 
British  Organization  World's  Evangelical  Alliance  sends  greetings. 
The  supreme  need  in  this  hour  of  world  crisis  is  the  closer  unity,  in 
truth  and  love,  of  all  Christians  and  churches  holding  the  head  Christ 
Jesus  and  seeking  cooperation  for  the  extension,  throughout  the  world, 
of  tlie  principles  of  the  gospel  of  Christ,  the  sure  basis  of  lasting  peace. 

H.  M.  GoocH,  General  Secretary. 


CABLE 

Paris,  December  4,  1916 
MACFAW.AND,  FedcH,  N.  Y. 

French  and  Belgian  Home  Missions  Workers  send  greeting  and 
request  for  help  and  prayers,  to  American  Brethren. 

Paul  Barde,  Sup't, 
Franco  Belgian  Missions. 


TELEGRAM 

New  York,  December  6,  1916 
Dr.  Charles  S.  Macfarland, 

Hotel  Warwick,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Speaking  for  Committee  on  Armenian  and  Syrian  Relief,  will  you 
kindly  thank  Council  for  the  great  service  which  it  has  rendered  for 
the  sufferers,  also  if  opportunity  offers  will  you  speak  a  strong  word 
for  the  World  Court  League  in  its  effort  to  establish  peace  through 
justice  after  the  war? 

Samuel  T.  Dutton,  Secretary. 


TELEGRAM 

New  York,  December  6,  1916 
The  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America, 

Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  Care  Rev.  W.  C.  Bitting,  Second 
Baptist  Church,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


QUADRENNIAL  MEETING  MINUTES  19 

On  behalf  of  our  organizations,  we  wish  to  express,  to  the  Federal 
Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America,  our  grateful  apprecia- 
tion for  its  generous  assistance  in  the  furtherance  of  our  efforts  to 
relieve  the  indescribable  suffering  abroad  and  we  earnestly  hope  that 
this  assistance  will  be  continued. 

American  Relief  Committee  for  Widows  and  Orphans  of  the  War 
in  Germany,  B.  F.  B.  Permanent  Blind  Relief  War  Fund,  Fund  for 
Starving  Children,  American  Committee  for  Armenian  and  Syrian 
Relief,  American  Huguenot  Committee,  American  Red  Cross,  Com- 
mission for  Relief  in  Belgium,  East  Prussian  Relief  Fund,  The  National 
Allied  Relief  Committee,  German  General  Relief  Committee  for  War 
Sufferers  in  Germany  and  Austro-Hungary,  Serbian  Relief  Committee 
of  America,  War  Relief  Clearing  House  for  France  and  her  Allies, 
Polish  Victims'  Relief  Fund,  Committee  of  Mercy,  Russian  War  Relief 
Committee,  International  Reconstruction  League,  American  Committee 
Collecting  for  the  Charities  of  the  Queen  of  Belgium. 


LETTER 
American  Huguenot  Committee 

Minneapolis,  Minn. 
November  29,  1916. 
To  the  Conference  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the 

Churches  of  Christ  in  America. 
Fathers  and  Brethren.* 

Lectures  organized  previously  in  Canada  prevent  me  from  attend- 
ing your  meetings.  I  should  have  liked  to  be  present  and  convey  to 
you  a  message  of  gratitude  and  an  appeal  from  the  American  Huguenot 
Committee  on  behalf  of  the  home  missionary  work  in  Belgium  and 
in  France. 

A  message  of  gratitude  for  the  kind  help  given  to  me  during  the 
last  twelve  months  by  the  offices  of  the  Federal  Council  in  New  York. 

An  appeal  to  your  Christian  sympathy  in  favor  of  your  brethren 
suffering  in  the  war  zone  in  Belgium  and  Northern  France.  We  have 
there  under  German  rule,  60  pastors  and  their  families,  besides 
evangelists,  colporteurs,  deaconesses,  and  lay  helpers,  an  orphanage, 
several  medical  missions,  institutions  for  old  people  and  poor.  We 
cannot  maintain  that  work,  so  useful  and  so  wonderfully  blessed, 
without  your  help.  For  the  end  of  March,  1917,  we  ought  to  receive 
at  least  $70,000. 

Under  a  deep  spiritual  awakening,  our  missions  have  never  been 
so  prosperous,  spiritually.    To  curtail  the  work  would  mean  to  miss 


20  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

a  grand  opportunity.  The  Church  of  Christ  would  lack  statesmanship 
if  she  didn't  realize  that  the  war  zone  in  Belgium  and  France,  as  well 
as  the  prisoners'  camps  in  Germany,  are  now  the  strategical  points  in 
the  conquest  of  the  world  by  the  gospel. 

May  God  Almighty  bless  your  meeting  and  save  our  fear-stricken 
and  oppressed  friends  in  the  war  zone. 

Yours   fraternally, 

Henri  Anet, 
Delegate  of  the  American  Huguenot  Committee, 


CABLE 

London,  Dec.  7. 
From  the  National  Council  of  Evangelical  Churches  of  Great  Britain 
to  the  Federal  Council: 
Greetings  of  love  and  faith. 

F.  B.  Meyer,  Honorary  Secretary. 

A  wireless  message  was  received  stating  that  Professor 
Adolf  Deissmann  of  Berlin,  was  unable  to  secure  immediate 
transmission  of  a  message  which  he  desired  to  send  to  the 
Council,  owing  to  the  fact  that  he  is  in  Poland,  and  requesting 
that  his  previous  wireless  message  to  Dr.  Macfarland,  relative 
to  a  league  of  nations,  be  conveyed  to  the  Council. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  General  Secretary  send  suitable  acknow- 
ledgment to  these  and  any  similar  messages. 

Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  introduced  Rev.  Charles 
Stelzle,  Field  Secretary  for  Special  Service,  and  Rev.  H.  K. 
Carroll,  Associate  Secretary  at  Washington,  D.  C,  who  pre- 
sented their  sections  of  the  report  of  the  General  Secretary 
to  the  Council. 

The  Report  of  the  General  Secretary  was  referred  to  the 
Business  Committee. 

It  was 

Voted,  To  send  a  message  of  love  and  sympathy,  signed 
by  the  President  and  Recording  Secretary,  to  Bishop  Alexander 
Walters,  in  view  of  his  illness  and  consequent  absence  from 
this  meeting  of  the  Council.  , 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  General  Secretary,  in  behalf  of  the  Council, 
reply  to  the  greetings  conveyed  by  persons  and  organizations 
as  presented  in  the  report  of  the  General  Secretary. 


QUADRENNIAL  MEETING  MINUTES  21 

The  Report  of  the  Treasurer  was  presented  by  Alfred  R. 
Kimball  and  was  referred  to  the  Business  Committee. 

The  Council  extended  a  rising  vote  of  thanks  to  the  Treas- 
urer for  gratuitous  services  rendered  during  the  years  of  his 
participation  in  the  work  of  the  Council. 

Rev.  Elias  B.  Sanford,  Honorary  Secretary  of  the  Council, 
was  introduced.  Dr.  Sanford  addressed  the  Council  and  pre- 
sented a  volume  of  525  pages  written  by  himself  and  entitled, 
"History  of  the  Federal  Council  of  Churches." 

The  message  of  Dr.  Sanford  was  received  with  appreciative 
expressions  and  was  referred  to  the  Business  Committee  for 
any  action  that  it  might  be  necessary  to  take. 

Several  resolutions,  presented  by  title,  were  referred  to  the 
Business  Committee. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  Business  Committee  recommend  to  the 
Council  the  hours  at  which  its  sessions  should  meet  and  ad- 
journ. 

After  prayer  the  Council  adjourned  to  meet  at  2.15  P.  M. 


Thursday  Afternoon,  December  7,  1916, 
2.30  P.  M. 

The  Council  was  called  to  order  by  President  Frank  Mason 
North. 

The  President  introduced  Rev.  William  McKibbin  as  the 
presiding  officer. 

Rev.  Ellison  R.  Purdy  read  the  Scripture.  Rev.  H.  J. 
Kiekhoefer  and  Rev.  D.  F.  McGill  offered  prayer. 

The  following  report  of  the  Business  Committee  was  pre- 
sented by  the  Chairman,  William  H.  Scott. 

The  Business  Committee 

.Recommends: 

I.  That  the  following  Section  of  the  Report  of  the  Com- 
mittee of  Fifteen,  be  approved: 

That,  at  their  stated  meetings,  the  constituent  bodies  elect  or 
appoint  their  delegates  to  the  Council  and  the  members  to  serve  upon 
the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Council,  for  periods  which  shall  cover 
the  interval  between  the  quadrennial  or  biennial  meetings  of  the 
Council,  as  the  case  may  be. 


22  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

2.  That  the  following  Section  of  the  Report  of  the  Com- 
mittee of  Fifteen,  be  approved  and  that  no  action  is  necessary 
on  the  similar  amendment  offered  to  the  Council. 

That,  for  the  purpose  of  intercommunication  between  the  Council 
and  its  constituent  bodies,  the  stated  meetings  of  these  bodies  receive 
reports  of  their  delegates  to  the  Council  and  give  them  the  fullest 
possible  consideration;  and  that  the  members  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  Council  be  charged  with  reporting  to  its  meetings  the 
actions  of  their  several  bodies  concerning  the  Federal  Council. 

3.  The  Business  Committee^  having  considered  the  sug- 
gestion of  the  Committee  of  Fifteen  relative  to  the  holding  of 
a  biennial  meeting  of  the  Federal  Council,  recommends  that 
the  Executive  Committee  be  directed  to  exercise  freely  the 
authority  given  it  in  Article  8  of  the  Constitution  in  the 
calling  of  an  extra  session  of  the  Federal  Council  whenever,  in 
the  judgment  of  the  Executive  Committee,  it  seems  necessary 
to  do  so. 

The  Business  Committee  recommends  that  the  following 
Sections  of  the  Report  of  the  Committee  of  Fifteen  be 
approved : 

4.  That  the  Commissions  on  Evangelism,  the  Church  and  Social 
Service,  Peace  and  Arbitration,  Temperance,  and  the  Church  and 
Country  Life  be  continued  under  the  present  constitutional  provisions. 
We  express  the  belief,  however,  that  bodies  employing  the  title  of 
"Commission,"  should  look  toward  effective  organization  and  service. 
We  recommend,  therefore,  that  the  above-named  commissions  continue 
to  develop  resources  in  order  that  they  may  fully  meet  their  tasks  and 
opportunities. 

5.  That  the  name  of  the  Commission  on  Peace  and  Arbitration 
be  changed  to  "International  Justice  and  Good-will." 

6.  That  the  Commission  on  Christian  Education  be  continued 
under  its  present  constitutional  provisions,  but  that  this  commission 
should  seek  its  development  primarily  by  furthering  cooperative  re- 
lationships between  the  various  movements  and  organizations  which 
represent  the  evangelical  churches  in  the  realm  of  religious  education, 
such  as  the  Sunday  School  Council  of  Evangelical  Denominations,  the 
Council  of  Church  Boards  of  Education,  the  International  Sunday 
School  Lesson  Committee,  and  other  similar  interchurch  organizations, 
and  by  placing  its  organization  and  facilities  at  the  service  of  these 
bodies.  We  confidently  express  the  belief  that,  while  continuing  to 
recognize  specific  tasks  in  Christian  education,  the  evangelical  churches 


QUADRENNIAL  MEETING  MINUTES  23 

should  have  one  combined  Council  on  Christian  Education.  We,  there- 
fore, urge  that  this  commission  invite  the  fullest  cooperation  in  this 
endeavor. 

7.  That  the  Commission  on  Federated  Movements  and  the  Com- 
mission on  State  and  Local  Federations  be  united  under  the  name 
"Commission  on  Interchurch  Federations,"  with  the  words  "State  amd 
Local"  in  brackets. 

8.  That  the  action  of  the  Commission  on  Home  Missions  rela- 
tive to  the  Home  Missions  Council  be  approved. 

9.  That  the  Commissions  on  Home  Missions  and  Foreign  Missions 
be  discontinued  under  their  present  constitutional  provisions,  and  that 
committees,  not  to  number  more  than  fifteen  members  each,  be 
appointed  by  the  Federal  Council  to  establish  such  relationships  as 
may  be  made  between  the  Federal  Council,  the  Home  Missions  Council, 
and  the  Conference  of  Foreign  Mission  Boards  of  North  America. 

10.  That  the  above-constituted  committee  on  Home  Missions  enter 
into  conference  with  the  Home  Missions  Council,  now  a  cooperating 
body  with  the  Federal  Council,  to  consider  the  question  of  so  adjusting 
the  administration  of  the  Home  Missions  Council,  and  so  strengthening 
the  cooperative  relationship  between  the  two  bodies,  as  more  fully  to 
meet  the  needs  of  the  churches  in  the  field  of  home  missions. 

U.  That  the  above-constituted  committee  on  Foreign  Missions 
be  instructed  to  confer  with  the  Conference  of  Foreign  Mission 
Boards  through  its  Committee  of  Reference  and  Counsel,  and  that 
this  committee  be  empowered  to  establish  such  relationship  with  that 
conference  as  may  serve  the  largest  interests  involved.  We  recommend 
that  the  Conference  of  Foreign  Mission  Boards  be  invited  to  present, 
annually  and  biennially  or  quadrennially,  reports  to  the  Federal  Council 
such  as  have  been  previously  presented  by  the  Commission  on  Foreign 
Missions. 

12.  That  inasmuch  as  the  Commissions  on  Family  Life  and 
Sunday  Observance  are  for  the  purpose  of  survey  and  report  rather 
than  as  commissions  to  be  set  up  with  administrative  machinery,  these 
commissions  be  nof  continued  under  the  present  constitutional  pro- 
visions. We  recommend  that  in  their  place,  these  interests  be  cared 
for  by  a  committee  on  Family  Life  and  Religious  Rest  Day,  said  com- 
mittee to  present  annual,  biennial,  or  quadrennial  reports  upon  these 
important  questions. 

13.  That  the  Council  express  its  approval  of  the  appointment  of 
such  commissions  as  that  on  Relations  with  Japan  for  the  purpose 
of  considering  such  particular  questions  as  arise,  from  the  Christian 
point  of  view. 


24  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

14.  That  the  Council  approve  the  appointment  of  the  Special 
Committee  on  the  Special  Interests  of  the  Colored  Denominations. 

The  report  was  adopted,  with  the  exception  of  Section  14, 
which  was  referred  back  to  the  Business  Committee. 

The  following  action  of  the  General  Conference  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  was  presented  by  the  Business 
Committee : 

We  recommend:  That  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of 
Christ  in  America  be  requested  to  arrange  for  a  Council  of  Churches 
to  meet  at  the  time  and  place  of  the  European  peace  conference,  to 
devise  plans  for  reestablishment  of  cooperation  and  the  more  complete 
articulation  of  righteousness  and  peace  and  the  advancement  of  the 
Kingdom  of  heaven  on  earth. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  matter  be  referred  to  the  Executive  Com- 
mitttee  and  the  Administrative  Committee  for  favorable  con- 
sideration. 

The  applications  of  certain  denominations  for  admission  as 
constituent  bodies  to  the  Federal  Council  were  referred  to  the 
Business  Committee. 

Dr.  Macfarland  stated  the  actions  of  the  Commission  on 
Home  Missions,  the  Home  Missions  Council,  the  Administra- 
tive Committee,  and  the  Executive  Committee,  leading  up  to 
the  present  relationship  with  the  Home  Missions  Council. 

The  report  of  the  Home  Missions  Council  was  presented 
by  Rev.  Charles  L.  Thompson,  Chairman,  and  was  referred 
to  the  Business  Committee. 

In  the  absence  of  the  Chairman,  Bishop  Wilbur  P. 
Thirkield,  the  report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Negro  Churches 
was  presented  by  Rev.  Gilbert  M.  Brink  and  was  referred  to  the 
Business  Committee. 

Rev.  Robert  E.  Dickenson  and  Bishop  H.  B.  Parks  offered 
prayer. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  Business  Committee  be  instructed  to 
present  the  changes  in  the  By-Laws  made  necessary  by  action 
taken  by  the  Council. 

A  proposed  change  in  the  Constitution  was  referred  to  the 
Business  Committee. 

The  benediction  Avas  pronounced  by  Rev.  William  H. 
Roberts  and  the  Council  adjourned  to  meet  at  8.00  P.  M. 


QUADRENNIAL  MEETING  MINUTES  25 

Thursday  Evening,  December  7,  1916 
8.CX)  P.  M. 
Bishop  Thomas  Nicholson  presided  at  the  pubHc  meeting. 
The  Scripture  was  read  by  Bishop  S.  P.  Spreng.    Prayer 
was  offered  by  Rev.  T.  F.  Hermann. 

Raymond  Robins  addressed  the  Council  on  "Cooperation, 
Efficiency,  and  Social  Redemption." 

Prayer  was   offered  and  the  benediction  pronounced  by 
Rev.  F.  D.  Kershner. 


Friday  Morning,  December  8,  1916 
9.30  A.  M. 

The  Council  was  called  to  order  by  President  Frank  Mason 
North. 

The  Scripture  was  read  and  Bishop  C.  H.  Phillips  offered 
prayer. 

The  Minutes  of  the  Thursday  morning  and  afternoon  ses- 
sions were  read  and  approved. 

On  recommendation  from  the  Business  Committee, 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  Recording  Secretary  and  General  Secre- 
tary, in  their  editorial  supervision  of  the  record  of  the  pro- 
ceedings and  papers  embodied  therein,  be  authorized  to  use 
terms,  in  designating  the  churches  and  organizations  of  our 
colored  brethren,  in  accordance  with  their  expressed  wishes. 

The    following    cablegram    was    read    by    the    General 
Secretary : 
Paris 

Federal  Council  Second  Baptist  Church, 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Union  Nationale  Eglises  Reformees  Evangeliqu©s  envoie  cordial 
salut  des  Huguenots  Francais,  aux  freres  Americains  reunis  en  concile 
federal.  Dieu  les  benisse  et  fasse  triompher  sur  terre  justice  et  amour, 
par   Christ. 

Jules  Pfender,  President. 

Resolutions  on  Prohibition  and  on  the  relation  of  Executive 
Secretaries  of  local  federations  to  the  Council,  were  referred 
to  the  Business  Committee. 

A  preliminary  report  was  presented  by  the  Committee  on 
Credentials. 


2(i  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

The  following  report  of  the  Business  Committee  was 
adopted : 

1.  The  Committee  recommends  that  the  hours  fixed  upon 
the  printed  program  for  the  sessions  of  the  Council,  be  ap- 
proved. 

2.  The  Committee  reports  the  following  communication 
from  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States  and  recom- 
mends that  the  accompanying  reply  be  made: 

Spartanburg,  S.  C,  June  12,  1916. 
To  the  Federal  Council  Churches  of  Christ  in  America,  Sitting  in 

St.  Louis,  Mo.,  December,  1916: 
Brethren  : 

As  the  Stated  Clerk  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  in  the  United  States,  I  hereby  respectfully  submit  to  you,  in 
obedience  to  the  Assembly's  orders,  a  paper  adopted  by  that  body  in 
session  at  Newport  News,  Va.,  May,  1915.    It  is  as  follows : 

"While  there  are  thus  many  things  in  the  reports  of  the  Council 
which  we  approve  and  heartily  endorse,  there  are  actions  taken  which 
so  do  violence  to  the  historic  and  scriptural  position  of  our  church 
that  we  can  do  naught  else  than  decline  to  accept  the  responsibility 
for  them  and  enter  our  protest.  In  some  instances  they  are  contrary 
to  the  doctrine  of  the  separation  of  the  church  and  the  state  and  the 
only  proper  attitude  of  approach  which  the  church  has  to  the  affairs 
of  the  state;  in  others  they  deal  with  matters  that  are  wholly  ex- 
traneous to  the  recognized  mission  of  the  church  on  earth. 

"The  note  sounded  for  our  forward  movement  in  the  church  is 
evangelism.  Is  it  not  then,  of  the  greatest  importance  that  we  guard 
the  pure  evangel  from  accretions  that  may  turn  us  aside  from  our 
great  mission  and  dissipate  our  energies  on  the  perishing  things 
of  time,  when  they  should  be  concentrated  on  and  consecrated  to  the 
mighty  things  of  eternity? 

"Troublous  times  such  as  these  caused  that  action  in  the  Presby- 
terian Church  which  necessitated  the  birth  of  the  Church  South ;  should 
we  not,  then,  most  carefully  guard  against  the  age  tendencies  which 
are  turning  the  forces  of  the  church  into  so  many  side  channels  and 
so  weakening  the  forces  of  her  one  supreme  call  to  save  men  for 
time  and  eternity? 

"The  matters  which  we  would  disavow  are  such  as  these: 

Action  concerning  the  European  war: 

*(P.  36.)     The  Federal  Council  hereby  suggests  to  President 

Wilson  and  Secretary  Bryan  that  they  take  steps  at  an  early  date 


QUADRENNIAL  MEETING  MINUTES  27 

to  urge  upon  the  governments  of  the  world  the  need  of  a  universal 
treaty,  providing  (1),  (2),  and  (3),  that  the  signatory  powers 
agree  to  enforce  the  observance  of  the  agreement  upon  the  nation 
that  transgresses  the  treaty  by  immediate  military  intervention/ 
'That  steps  be  taken  to  secure  similar  action  on  the  part  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  Church  of  the  United  States,  appealing  to 
the  Pope,  etc.,  to  take  similar  action  in  the  matter.' 
"Again, 

'We  express  the  hope  that  the  Congress  of  the  United  States 
will  give  the  several  States  of  the  Union  the  opportunity,  accord- 
ing to  the  principles  of  our  government,  to  vote  for  or  against  a 
constitutional  prohibition  amendment.* 
*T.  127.    Again, 

'The   Country  Church.    .    .    .    There  is  no  solution  of  the 
problem  of  the  country  church  apart  from  the  reorganization  of 
rural  business.' 
"Topics  of  investigation  and  report: 

'Social  Effects  of  Cooperation;'  'Promotion  of  Material  Prop- 
erty;* 'Educational  Betterment.'  'Promotion  of  Independence  and 
Self-Respect.'  'Promotion  of  Democracy.*  'Solution  of  the  Trust 
Problem.'    'Promotion  of  Political  Efficiency.* 

"In  view  of  these  facts,  your  Committee  is  forced  to  one  of 
two  conclusions:  Either  that  this  Assembly  should  now  sever 
its  relations  with  the  Federal  Council,  or  that  we  postpone  action 
with  the  hope  that  the  said  Council  may  yet  regard  the  principles 
for  which  our  Church  stands,  and  we  recommend  that  action  be 
deferred  for  one  year.'* 

The  General  Assembly  of  1916,  in  session  at  Orlando,  Fla.,  also 
adopted  the  following: 

"The  Assembly  has  heard  with  pleasure  the  addresses  of  Rev.  Dr. 
Charles  S.  Macfarland,  General  Secretary  of  the  Federal  Council  of 
the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America,  and  of  Rev.  Dr.  William  States 
Jacobs,  a  member  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Council  from  our' 
Church,  and  there  have  also  been  placed  in  our  hands  the  Annual 
Report  of  the  Council,  together  with  certain  other  communications 
from  that  body. 

"It  will  be  remembered  that  the  General  Assembly  of  last  year 
placed  on  record  its  protest  against  certain  actions  of  the  Federal 
Council  that  were  deemed  to  be  in  violation  of  our  distinctive  prin- 
ciples and  historic  position.  See  pages  39  and  40  of  the  Minutes  for 
1915. 

"We  gather  from  representations  made  to  the  Assembly,  and  from 


28  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

the  reports  of  the  Council  of  1915,  that  it  is  the  desire  of  the  Council 
to  adjust  satisfactorily  the  matters  complained  of,  but  inasmuch  as  it 
appears  that  the  action  of  our  Assembly  was  not  laid  formally  and 
directly  before  the  Council,  and  inasmuch  as  it  is  a  matter  of  vital 
importance  that  we  should  have  a  definite  and  official  reply  from  the 
Council  with  reference  to  these  matters,  if  we  are  to  continue  to 
cooperate  cordially  in  the  work  of  the  Council,  we  recommend  that 
the  Assembly  repeat  the  protest  of  last  year  and  direct  the  Stated 
Clerk  to  transmit  this  action  to  the  Federal  Council,  and  that,  pending 
a  reply,  action  looking  to  a  withdrawal  of  our  Church  from  the 
Council  be  deferred  for  one  year.  The  Assembly  also  requests  our 
representatives  in  the  Council  to  take  charge  of  this  protest  and  see 
that  it  is  properly  presented." 

The  careful  consideration  of  these  papers  is  respectfully  invoked. 

Faithfully, 

Thos.  H.  Law, 

Stated  Clerk. 

PROPOSED  REPLY 
"Report  of  Subcommittee" 
To  the  Business  Committee  of  the  Council: 

Your  subcommittee  upon  the  relations  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
in  the  United  States  to  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ 
in  America  begs  leave  to  submit  the  following  report: 

"We  recognize,  with  cordial  appreciation,  the  services  rsndered 
by  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States  to  the  progress  of 
American  Protestantism.  We  also  recognize  fully  the  high  loyalty  to 
principle  which  has  always  characterized  the  pronouncements  of  this 
historic  communion,  as  well  as  its  constant  emphasis  upon  the  spiritual 
functions  of  the  church. 

"We  further  affirm  that  it  is  the  constant  effort  and  desire  of  the 
Federal  Council  to  respect  fully  the  principles  of  its  several  con- 
stituent bodies  in  harmony  with  section  4  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
Council  which  reads: 

This  Federal  Council  shall  have  no  authority  over  the  con- 
stituent bodies  adhering  to  it;  but  its  province  shall  be  limited  to 
the  expression  of  its  counsel  and  the  recommending  of  a  course 
of  action  in  matters  of  common  interest  to  the  churches,  local 
councils,  and  individual  Christians. 

It  has  no  authority  to  draw  up  a  common  creed  or  form  of 
government  or  of  worship,  or  in  any  way  to  limit  the  full 
autonomy  of  the  Christian  bodies  adhering  to  it.* 


QUADRENNIAL  MEETING  MINUTES  29 

"With  these  considerations  fully  in  mind,  we  have  examined  with 
care  the  points  contained  in  an  official  communication  to  the  Federal 
Council  certifying  the  action  taken  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States  at  Newport  News,  Virginia, 
May,  1915,  afterward  affirmed  by  said  Assembly  in  session  at  Orlando, 
Florida,  in  May,  1916. 

"It  is  our  judgment  that,  with  a  proper  understanding  of  the 
situation,  there  is  no  real  line  of  cleavage  between  the  principles  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States  and  the  Constitution  of 
the  Federal  Council.  We  think  it  proper,  however,  to  recommend 
that  the  Federal  Council  again  clearly  affirm  its  adherence  to  that 
absolute  separation  of  church  and  state  which  is  one  of  the  cherished 
heritages  of  the  great  body  of  American  Protestantism.  The  churches 
of  the  Federal  Council  stand  squarely  upon  this  historic  principle. 

"Again,  we  recommend  that  the  Council  affirm  its  recognition  of 
the  paramount  value  of  evangelism  and  the  primary  place  which  it 
must  occupy  in  the  world  of  Christian  activities  and  relations. 

"We  would  also  call  the  attention  of  our  brethren  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church  of  the  United  States,  and  all  others,  to  the  fact  that  no 
pronouncement  of  any  commission  or  committee  of  *he  Council  be- 
comes in  any  way  official  until  it  has  been  adopted  by  the  Council  as 
a  whole.  More  significant  still,  after  such  adoption,  the  action  taken 
does  not  become  in  the  slightest  respect  binding  upon  any  church 
represented  in  this  Council  unless  that  church,  through  its  own  separate 
and  specific  approval,  elects  to  make  it  so. 

"While  this  is  true,  we  would  also  respectfully  caution  those  who 
prepare  the  printed  reports  which  go  out  as  the  work  of  the  Council 
to  exercise  the  greatest  care  in  the  selection  of  the  material  and  the 
forms  of  expression  used  in  these  documents,  inasmuch  as  the  Council, 
rightly  or  wrongly,  is  subject  to  criticism  for  any  errors  or  unguarded 
statements  contained  therein. 

"We  recommend  further,  if  in  the  judgment  of  the  Executive 
Committee  such  action  is  feasible,  that  a  committee  ot  one  or  more 
be  chosen  by  the  President  of  the  Council,  to  visit  the  General  As- 
sembly of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States  at  its  next 
meeting,  for  the  purpose  of  conveying  the  cordial  greetings  of  this 
Council,  as  well  as  of  making  such  explanation  with  regard  to  its 
work  as  the  situation  may  appear  to  require." 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Frederick  D.  Kershner, 
Joseph  W.  Mauck, 
Charles  F.  Rice, 

Committee. 


30  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

After  full  discussion,  in  which  the  members  from  the 
Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States  were  especially  called 
upon,  the  report  of  the  subcommittee  of  the  Business  Com- 
mittee was  adopted  and  referred  to  the  Executive  Committee. 

On  recommendation  of  the  Business  Committee,  the  pro- 
posals relative  to  the  consideration  of  the  Relief  of  War 
Sufferers  in  connection  with  Christmas  and  the  Easter  season 
were  referred  to  the  Administrative  Committee. 

The  Report  of  the  Commission  on  State  and  Local  Federa- 
tions was  presented  by  Rev.  Alfred  Williams  Anthony,  Chair- 
man, and  was  referred  to  the  Business  Committee. 

The  Report  of  the  Commission  on  Federated  Movements 
was  presented  by  Rev.  Roy  B.  Guild,  Secretary,  and  referred 
to  the  Business  Committee. 

The  Report  of  the  Business  Committee  was  resumed,  and 
the  following  recommendations  were  adopted: 

1.  That  the  proposal  "that  a  committee  be  appointed  to  consider 
conditions  in  the  Canal  Zone,  said  committee  to  confer  also  relative 
to  the  work  of  the  Union  Church  at  Balboa,"  be  referred  to  the 
Home  Missions  Council  and  the  Conference  of  Foreign  Mission 
Boards  of  North  America. 

2.  That  the  Report  of  the  Executive  Committee  be  adopted,  ex- 
cept those  items  pertaining  to  amendments  to  the  Constitution  and 
By-Laws. 

3.  That  in  denominating  the  secretaries,  the  title  "General  Secre- 
tary" shall  be  used  only  in  connection  with  the  administration  of  the 
National  Office,  and  that  the  Commissions,  in  designating  their  secre- 
taries, may  use  such  titles  as  "Secretary,"  "Field  Secretary,"  "Executive 
Secretary,"  "Assistant  Secretary,"  "Associate  Secretary,"  as  the  case 
may  be. 

4.  That  the  chairman  of  each  denominational  delegation  or  some 
member  of  that  delegation,  duly  designated,  be  requested  to  prepare 
or  secure  the  preparation  of,  an  article  for  the  denominational  papers, 
describing  this  meeting  of  the  Council,  to  report  its  actions  and  its 
proposals  for  future  action. 

5.  That  the  reports  of  the  various  commissions,  the  Executive 
Committee,  and  the  Secretaries  be  published  in  a  series  of  volumes 
under  the  editorship  of  the  General  Secretary  and  the  supervision  of 
the  Administrative  Committee  and  that  the  records  of  the  Council  be 
published  in  a  separate  volume. 


QUADRENNIAL  MEETING  MINUTES  3l 

6.  That  for  the  printing  of  the  volumes  of  reports  the  various 
Commissions  shall  meet  their  share  of  the  expenses  proportionately 
according  to  the  space  occupied  by  such  Commission. 

After  prayer  by  President  Joseph  W.  Mauck,  the  meeting 
adjourned. 


Friday  Afternoon,  December  8th,  1916 
2.30  P.  M. 

The  Council  was  called  to  order  by  the  President. 

Rev.  J.  A.  Hamlett  read  the  Scripture,  and  Rev.  J.  M. 
Phillippi  offered  prayer. 

The  Report  of  the  Commission  on  the  Church  and  Country 
Life  was  presented  by  Gifford  Pinchot,  Chairman,  and  was 
referred  to  the  Business  Committee. 

Resolutions  concerning  representation  of  the  Executive 
Secretaries  of  State  and  Local  Federations  in  the  membership 
of  the  Council  were  referred  to  the  Business  Committee. 

The  following  recommendations  presented  by  the  Business 
Committee  were  adopted : 

1.  That  in  reference  to  the  request  of  the  National  Child  Labor 
Committee  for  the  recognition  of  Child  Labor  Day,  we  express  our 
entire  sympathy  with  the  cause  represented  by  the  Committee,  but 
deem  it  inadvisable  to  recommend  to  the  constituent  bodies  or  in- 
dividual churches  any  special  days  for  any  object. 

2.  That  all  invitations  for  the  next  quadrennial  meeting  of  the 
Council  be  referred  to  the  Executive  Committee. 

The  Business  Committee  recommended  that  the  Council 
approve  the  appointment  of  the  Special  Committee  on  Colored 
Churches  and  that  the  name  of  the  Committee  be  changed  to 
"The  Committee  on  Negro  Churches"  and  that  it  be  continued 
during  the  quadrennium. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  matter  be  referred  back  to  the  Business 
Committee  with  the  request  that  they  consider  the  advisability 
of  discontinuing  the  Committee. 

Rev.  Albert  G.  Lawson,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Credentials,  presented  the  following  recommendations,  which 
were  referred  to  the  Business  Committee : 

1.  That  in  harmony  with  articles  5  and  6  of  the  Constitution, 
the  members  of  this  Council  be  called  Members,  and  that  article  8 
of  the  Constitution  and  articles  3  and  5  of  the  By-Laws  be  amended 


32  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

by  changing  the  words  "delegates"  and  "representatives''  to  the  word 
"members." 

2.  That  alternates  be  regarded  as  temporary  substitutes  for  mem- 
bers, becoming  members  only  upon  the  death,  the  resignation,  or  other 
permanent  disqualification  of  the  member. 

3.  That  the  Executive  Committee,  or  its  Administrative  Com- 
mittee, be  requested  to  furnish  to  the  constituent  bodies  of  the  Federal 
Council  a  suitable  form  of  credentials  for  members  and  alternates. 

The  Business  Committee  recommended  the  follov^ing 
amendments  and  changes  in  the  Constitution  which  were 
adopted  by  a  vote  of  the  members,  followed  by  a  majority 
vote  of  the  representatives  of  the  several  constituent  bodies, 
each  voting  separately : 

AMENDMENTS  TO  THE  CONSTITUTION 

Article  9,  Section  B.  The  General  Secretary  and  other  Secretaries 
of  the  Council,  except  the  Recording  Secretary,  shall  be  chosen  by  the 
Executive  Committee,  which  shall  have  authority  to  fix  their  duties 
and  their  salaries. 

Section  c.  The  Executive  Committee  shall  consist  of  two  repre- 
sentatives from  each  of  the  constituent  bodies,  preferably  one  minister 
and  one  layman,  and  one  additional  representative  for  every  five 
hundred  thousand  of  its  communicants  or  major  fraction  thereof,  who 
may  be  either  a  minister  or  a  layman,  together  with  the  President,  all 
ex-Presidents,  the  Recording  Secretary,  and  the  Treasurer. 

The  Executive  Committee  shall  have  authority  to  attend  to  all 
business  of  the  Federal  Council  in  the  intervals  of  its  meetings,  and 
to  fill  all  vacancies;  except  that  it  shall  not  have  power  to  make  any 
amendments  to  the  Constitution  or  to  the  By-Laws.  It  shall  meet  for 
organization  at  the  call  of  the  president  of  the  Council  immediately 
upon  the  adjournment  of  the  Federal  Council,  and  shall  have  power 
to  elect  its  own  officers. 

Section  d.    No  change. 

Section  e.  The  President,  the  Recording  Secretary,  and  the 
Treasurer  shall  be  elected  by  the  Federal  Council  on  nomination  by 
the  Executive  Committee,  but  nominations  may  be  made  from  the 
floor  of  the  Council  by  any  member  at  the  time  of  the  election. 

Article  11  to  be  changed  to  Article  10,  the  last  three  clauses  stricken 
out,  and  placed  in  brackets,  with  a  note  indicating  the  time  of  their 
adoption. 

Article  10  to  be  made  Article  11,  and  to  read  as  follows: 

Article  11.    This  Plan  of  Federation  may  be  altered  or  amended 


QUADRENNIAL  MEETING  MINUTES  33 

by  a  majority  vote  of  the  members,  followed  by  a  majority  vote  ol 
the  representatives  of  the  several  constituent  bodies,  each  voting 
separately.  Amendments  to  this  Plan  shall  be  reported  officially  to 
the  several  constituent  churches. 

The  Business  Committee  recommended  certain  amendments 
to  the  By-Laws  of  the  Council  which  were  recommitted  to  the 
Committee  for  further  consideration. 

The  Business  Committee  recommended  the  following 
changes  in  the  Rules  of  Order,  which  were  adopted: 

No.  VIII.    Change  "corresponding"  to  "recording"   secretary. 

No.  IX.  Change  "corresponding"  to  "recording"  secretary  in  the 
first  line  and  to  "General"  secretary  in  the  third  line. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  question  of  the  advisability  of  securing  a 
larger  representation  of  laymen  in  the  Council  be  referred 
to  the  Business  Committee. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  a  Committee  of  Five  be  appointed  on  Consti- 
tutional Changes  and  Codification;  and  that  the  Committee 
on  Business  be  asked  to  refer  to  this  committee  the  matters 
of  constitutional  changes  previously  referred  to  it.  The  Presi- 
dent appointed  the  following  committee. 

Dean  Shailer  Mathews^  Chairman 

Rev.  Edgar  Blake 

Rev.  O.  W.  Powers 

Rev.  Alfred  Williams  Anthony 

Rev.  F.  M.  Thomas 

Rev.  William  H.  Roberts  and  Bishop  E.  R.  Hendrix  offered 
the  closing  prayers. 

On  motion,  the  session  adjourned. 


Friday  Evening,  December  8,  191 6 
8.00  P.  M. 
Rev.  Henry  Collin  Minton  presided  at  the  public  meeting. 
The  Scripture  was  read  by  Rev.  I.  N.  McCash.    Prayer  was 
ofifered  by  Rev.  James  F.  Cannon. 

Addresses  were  made  by  Rev.  Harry  F.  Ward  and  Pro- 
fessor Edward  A.  Steiner. 

The  closing  prayer  was  offered  by  Rev.  William  H.  Black. 


34  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIl. 

Saturday  Morning,  December  9,  1916 
9.30  A.  M. 

The  Council  was  called  to  order  by  the  President. 

Rev.  William  States  Jacobs  read  the  Scripture  and  offered 
prayer. 

The  Minutes  of  the  Friday  morning  and  afternoon  sessions 
were  read  and  approved. 

The  report  of  the  Commission  on  Foreign  Missions  was 
presented  by  Rev.  S.  S.  Hough  and  was  referred  to  the  Busi- 
ness Committee. 

The  report  of  the  Commission  on  Peace  and  Arbitration 
was  presented  jointly  by  Bishop  W.  M.  Bell  and  Secretary 
Sidney  L.  Gulick  and  was  referred  to  the  Business  Committee. 

The  President  presented  Hon.  William  Jennings  Bryan, 
who  addressed  the  Council  on  the  subject  under  consideration. 

The  report  of  the  Commission  on  Relations  with  Japan 
was  presented  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Commission,  Rev. 
Charles  S.  Macfarland. 

Former-President  Shailer  Mathews  and  Rev.  Sidney  L. 
Gulick  addressed  the  Council  on  the  recent  Christian  Embassy 
to  Japan. 

The  report  was  referred  to  the  Business  Committee. 

The  President  read  the  following  cable  addressed  to  Rev. 
Charles  S.  Macfarland. 

"British  Council  World  Alliance  cordial  greeting.  May  Federal 
Council  lead  to  Christian  friendship  amongst  nations. 

W.  H.  Dickinson, 

British  Secretary." 

Rev.  William  H.  Roberts  announced  that  the  President  had 
appointed  the  following  Committee  on  the  celebration  of  the 

four  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  Protestant  Reformation: 

• 

Rev.  William  H.  Roberts,  Chairman 

Rev.  W.  C.  Bitting  Rev.  E.  Heyl  Delk 

Rev.  F.  J.  Burnett  Rev.  G.  U.  Wenner 

Rev.  E.  B.  San  ford  Rev.  R  J.  Pretty  man 

Rev.  B.  S.  Winchester  Rev.  Edgar  Blake 

Rev.  Peter  Ainslie  Rev.  Frank  M.  Thomas 

Rev.  Finis  S.  Idleman  Rev.  Lyman  E.  Davis 

Bishop  S.  C.  Breyfogel  Rt.  Rev.  Morris  W.  Leibert 

Rev.  Charles  Enders  Rev.  R.  A.  Webb 


QUADRENNIAL  MEETING  MINUTES  35 

Rev.  D.  S.  Schaff  Rev.  George  W.  Richards 

William  H.  Scott  Rev.  M.  G.  Kyle 

Rev.  P.  S.  Leinbach  Rev.  D.  F.  McGill 

Rev.  James  I.  Good  Rev.  Howard  R.  Gold 
Closing  prayers  were  offered  by  Rev.  A.  E.  Main  and  Rev. 

N.  Walling  Clark,  and  the  Benediction  was  pronounced  by 

the  President. 

The  Council  adjourned. 


Saturday  Afternoon,  December  9,  1916 
2.30  P.  M. 

The  Council  was  called  to  order  by  the  President,  Rev. 
Frank  Mason  North,  who  introduced  Hon.  Henry  M.  Beardsley 
as  the  Presiding  Officer. 

The  Scriptures  were  read  by  Ross  A.  Hadley  and  prayer 
was  offered  by  Rev.  D.  S.  Stephens. 

The  President  announced  the  substitution  of  Hanford 
Crawford  for  Rev.  Worth  M.  Tippy  as  a  representative  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  on  the  Business  Committee. 

The  Business  Committee  presented  the  following  report 
which  was  adopted : 

1.  In  answer  to  the  following  resolution: 

Whereas,  Brethren  of  the  Christian  Churches  in  Holland  have 
appointed  a  Committee  to  confer  with  the  General  Secretary  and  other 
representatives  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in 
America  relative  to  the  closer  cooperation  of  Christian  forces  in  the 
Netherlands,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  Administrative  Committee  appoint  a  special 
committee  for  conference  with  the  Committee  appointed  by  the 
brethren  in  Holland. 

2.  In  answer  to  a  memorial  relative  to  the  needs  of  the  Army 
and  Navy  from  Chaplain  Orville  J.  Nave,  the  Committee 

Recommends,  That  the  Federal  Council,  through  its  Executive 
Committee,  continue  its  support  of  the  Religious  Welfare  League  for 
the  Army  and  Navy. 

Recommendations  in  regard  to  the  matter  of  Ministerial 
Relief  and  Sustentation  were  referred  back  to  the  Business 
Committee  for  further  consideration. 

A  resolution  in  regard  to  the  increase  in  the  number  of 
prize  fights  and  boxing  matches  was  referred  at  the  sugges- 


36  .  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

tion  of  the  Business  Committee  to  the  Commission  on  the 
Church  and  Social  Service. 

The  report  of  the  Commission  on  Family  Life  was  pre- 
sented by  Rev.  D.  S.  Stephens,  and  was  referred  to  the  Business 
Committee. 

The  report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Centenary  of  the 
Treaty  of  Ghent  was  presented  by  Rt.  Rev.  Morris  W.  Leibert, 
and 

It  was 

Voted,  that  the  report  be  received,  placed  on  file,  and  the 
Committee  discharged. 

Dr.  Shailer  Mathews,  Chairman  of  the  Special  Committee, 
presented  a  report  of  progress  on  the  codification  of  the  con- 
stitution and  by-laws^  and  also  on  several  proposed  amendments 
to  the  same. 

The  following  amendment  to  the  constitution  was  adopted, 
by  a  majority  vote  of  the  members,  followed  by  a  majority 
vote  of  the  members  of  the  several  constituent  bodies,  each 
voting  separately. 

Amendment  to  Article  5: 

Alternates  may  be  chosen  and  certified  to  the  Council  in  the 
same  manner  and  to  the  same  number  as  members  to  fill  vacancies 
caused  by  the  death,  resignation,  or  permanent  disqualification  of  mem- 
bers. Such  alternates  may  also  attend  sessions  of  the  Council  in  the 
absence  of  members  and  exercise  all  powers  of  members  as  temporary 
substitutes  during  such  absence. 

The  following  amendments  to  the  By-Laws  were  adopted: 

(By-Laws) 

No.  6.  The  Council  shall  appoint  a  Business  Committee,  to  which 
shall  be  referred  all  matters  connected  with  the  proceedings  of  the 
Council  while  in  session,  and  all  such  papers  and  documents  as  to  the 
Council  may  seem  proper.  It  shall  consist  of  two  members  from  each 
church  having  twenty  or  more  representatives  in  the  Council,  and  one 
from  each  of  the  churches  having  a  less  number  of  representatives. 
The  Council  may  also  appoint  such  other  special  committees  as  to  it 
may  seem  proper. 

No.  7.    Unchanged. 

No.  8. 

1.  The  following  Commissions,  subject  to  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, shall  be  appointed  to  further  the  general  purposes  of  the 
Federal  Council  as  stated  in  its  Constitution  within  the  fields  indicated 
by  their  respective  names. 


QUADRENNIAL  MEETING  MINUTES  Zl 

a.  A  Commission  on  Evangelism 

b.  A  Commission  on  the  Church  and  Social  Service 

c.  A  Commission  on  the  Church  and  Country  Life 

d.  A  Commission  on  Christian  Education 

e.  A  Commission  on  Temperance 

f.  A  Commission  on  International  Justice  and  Good-will 

g.  A  Commission  on  Interchurch  Federations  (State  and  Local) 
h.  A  Commission  on  Relations  with  the  Orient 

2.  Each  Commission  shall  consist  of  twenty-five  or  more  mem- 
bers appointed  from  the  Christian  bodies  appointing  representatives  to 
the  Council,  by  the  President  of  the  Council,  and  confirmed  by  the 
Executive  Committee. 

3.  The  members  of  these  Commissions  shall  serve  four  years  or 
until  their  successors  are  appointed.  The  Commissions  shall  report 
annually  to  the  Executive  Committee,  and  oftener  should  the  Executive 
Committee  require,  and  quadrennially  through  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee to  the  Federal  Council. 

4.  The  President  of  the  Council  shall  appoint  the  Chairmen  of 
these  Commissions,  which  shall  have  power  to  choose  such  other 
officers  for  the  conduct  of  their  affairs  as  may  be  authorized  by  the 
Federal  Council  or  the  Executive  Committee. 

5.  These  Commissions  shall  not  commit  the  Federal  Council  to 
any  policy  or  expense  until  auch  policy  or  expense  is  approved  by  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  Federal  Council. 

6.  The  Commissions  shall  submit  their  proposed  budgets  to  the 
Executive  Committee,  and  upon  the  Committee's  authorization  of  such 
budgets,  may  solicit  contributions  for  their  work  under  the  direction 
of  the  Executive  Committee  and  the  Treasurer  of  the  Federal  Council. 

No.  9.    Unchanged. 

No.  10.    Unchanged. 

No.  11.    Unchanged. 

No.  12.  Add  the  words:  "the  President  shall  also  appoint  the 
following  Standing  Committees  to  work  under  the  direction  of  the 
Executive  Committee: 

1.  A  committee  on  Foreign  Missions  to  number  not  more  than 
fifteen  members 

2.  A  committee  on  Home  Missions  to  number  not  more  than 
fifteen  members 

3.  A  committee  on  Family  Life  and  Religious  Rest  Day 

The  Executive  Committee  shall  have  power  to  establish  Commis- 
sions or  Committees  ad  interim,  which  may  become  permanent  by  the 
approval  of  the  Federal  Council." 


38  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

No.  13.    Unchanged. 

No.  14.    Unchanged. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  Committee  be  continued,  to  report  to  the 
Executive  Committee  at  the  earliest  opportunity  and  also  to 
report  directly  to  the  next  meeting  of  the  Federal  Council. 

Hon.  Richard  Bartholdt  was  presented  by  Rev.  W.  C. 
Bitting  and  addressed  the  Council  on  the  subject  of  Inter- 
national Peace. 

The  report  of  the  Commission  on  Sunday  Observance  was 
presented  by  Rev.  Peter  Ainslie,  chairman,  and  was  referred 
to  the  Business  Committee. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  reference  in  the  report  to  the  United  States 
Steel  Corporation  be  referred  to  the  Business  Committee,  with 
the  request  that  it  be  stricken  out. 

A  resolution  concerning  the  report  was  referred  to  the 
Business  Committee. 

Rev.  Albert  G.  Lawson,  chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Credentials,  presented  a  report  of  the  members  present,  which 
was  adopted.     (See  pages  309-347). 

The  report  of  the  Commission  on  Temperance  was  pre- 
sented by  Rev.  Charles  Scanlon,  Secretary,  and  was  referred 
to  the  Business  Committee. 

Hon.  William  Jennings  Bryan  addressed  the  Council  on 
the  subject  of  Temperance. 

Rev.  Albert  Haupert  offered  the  closing  prayer. 

The  Council  adjourned. 


Saturday  Evening,  December  9,  191 6 
7.30  P.  M. 
The  Council  was  called  to  order  by  the  President,  who 
introduced  Rev.  Edgar  Blake  as  the  presiding  officer  of  the 
session. 

The  devotional  service  was  conducted  by  Bishop  W.  M. 
Bell. 

The  records  of  the  session  of  Saturday  afternoon  were  read 
and  approved. 

The  following  recommendations  of  the  Business  Committee 


QUADRENNIAL  MEETING  MINUTES  39 

1.  Whereas,  Many  of  the  constituent  churches  of  the  Federal 
Council  now  have  in  successful  operation  boards  which  are  gathering 
and  administering  funds  for  the  welfare  of  disabled  and  aged  ministers 
and  missionaries  and  other  servants  of  the  church;  and 

Whereas,  In  the  judgment  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches 
of  Christ  in  America  the  time  has  come  for  organized  Protestant 
Christianity  to  present  a  more  united  and  comprehensive  appeal  to 
Christian  people  in  behalf  of  the  disabled  servants  of  the  church; 

Therefore  be  it  resolved.  That  a  committee  of  the  Federal  Council 
be  constituted,  consisting  of  one  representative  from  each  of  the  con- 
stituent churches  of  the  Council,  to  be  known  as  the  Committee  on 
Ministerial  Relief  and  Sustentation.  This  committee  to  give  considera- 
tion to  the  whole  relief  and  sustentation  movement,  and  in  particular 
to  the  forms  of  it  which  are  at  present  operative  in  the  several  churches 
of  the  Council,  and  shall  be  authorized,  in  cooperation  with  all  agencies 
already  existing  in  the  constituent  bodies  of  the  Federal  Council,  to 
prepare  and  to  issue  such  united  appeal  for  the  whole  work  of  Min- 
isterial Sustentation  as  shall  safeguard  the  integrity  of  each  separate 
plan  and  at  the  same  time  enhance  the  claims  of  the  whole  movement, 
this  committee  to  seek  the  unity  and  further  efficiency  of  all  such  plans. 
The  committee  shall  be  a  permanent  committee  of  the  Federal  Council 
and  shall  report  regularly  to  the  Executive  Committee  and  to  the 
Council. 

In  connection  with  this  matter,  the  Federal  Council  recognizes, 
with  gratitude  to  God,  that  the  late  Mrs.  D.  Willis  James  of  New  York 
City  has  provided  by  bequest,  a  sum  of  $2,250,000  to  be  equally  divided 
between  three  of  the  Christian  bodies  of  the  Federal  Council  for  their 
respective  Ministerial  Rehef  or  Sustentation  Funds. 

2.  a.  Resolved,  That  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of 
Christ  in  America,  assembled  in  Quadrennial  Session  in  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
December  6-11,  1916,  declares  its  fraternal  Christian  sympathy  with 
all  suffering  peoples  and  churches  of  Europe  and  Asia,  and  commends 
them  to  the  brotherly  love,  generosity,  and  prayers  of  all  Christian 
people. 

b.  Resolved,  That  the  Administrative  Committee  be  authorized  to 
send  to  the  Christian  churches  of  Japan  and  China  messages  of 
fraternal  greetings  in  reply  to  messages  received  from  their  churches. 

3.  We  recommend  that  the  report  of  the  Commission  on  the 
Church  and  Country  Life  be  approved. 

4.  We  recommend  that  the  report  of  the  Home  Missions  Council 
be  approved  and  the  recommendation  adopted. 

5.  That  the  General  Secretary's  report  be  received  and  filed. 


40  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

6.  That  the  Treasurer's  report  be  received  and  filed. 

7.  Whereas,  The  liquor  traffic  on  interstate  rivers  is  at  present 
unregulated,  to  the  serious  demoralization  of  many  communities,  and 

Whereas,  To  secure  the  necessary  federal  legislation  to  reform 
this  condition  it  is  requisite  that  various  sections  of  this  country  should 
unite  for  this  purpose,  therefore  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  Commission  on  Temperance  be  requested  to 
consider  the  situation  and  take  such  action  as  may  seem  wise. 

8.  We  recommend  that  the  matter  of  application  of  the  Inter- 
national Sunday  School  Association  for  relationship  to  the  Council 
be  referred  to  the  Administrative  Committee. 

9.  Resolved,  That  the  General  Secretary  of  the  Council  be  in- 
structed to  request  the  Christian  people  of  this  country  in  their  public 
and  private  worship,  during  the  ensuing  Christmas  season,  to  make 
earnest  prayer  for  the  promotion  of  Christian  fellowship  and  permanent 
peace  among  all  the  peoples  of  the  world. 

10.  We  recommend  that  the  printed  report  as  submitted  by  the 
Committee  on  Credentials  be  approved,  subject  to  such  corrections  as 
may  be  necessary. 

11.  That  the  report  of  the  Commission  on  Foreign  Missions  be 
approved. 

12.  That  the  report  of  the  Commission  on  Relations  with  Japan 
be  approved,  and  that  the  name  of  the  Commission  be  changed  to  the 
Commission  on  Relations  with  the  Orient,  and  that  the  Commission 
be  made  permanent,  and  that  the  By-Laws  be  changed  or  amended  by 
the  addition  of  the  name  of  the  Commission. 

13.  That  the  report  of  the  Commission  on  Federated  Movements 
and  the  report  of  the  Commission  on  State  and  Local  Federations  be 
approved. 

Rev.  William  H.  Roberts,  chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
the  Four  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Protestant  Reforma- 
tion, presented  the  report  with  certain  resolutions  which  were 
referred  to  the  Business  Committee. 

The  report  of  the  Commission  on  Christian  Education  was 
presented  by  Dean  Wilbur  F.  Tillett,  chairman  of  the  Com- 
mission. 

It  was 

Voted,  To  refer  the  report  to  the  Business  Committee. 

The  report  of  the  Conference  of  Theological  Seminaries 
was  submitted  by  Dean  Wilbur  F.  Tillett,  and  was  referred 
to  the  Business  Committee. 

The  report  of  the  Conference  of  the  Religious  Press  was 


QUADRENNIAL  MEETING  MINUTES  41 

presented  by  Rev.  Howard  B.  Grose,  and  referred  to  the 
Business  Committee. 

The  report  of  the  Committee  on  Publicity  was  presented 
by  the  Chairman,  Rev.  Howard  B.  Grose,  and  referred  to  the 
Business  Committee. 

Prayer  was  offered  by  Rev.  Philip  Vollmer. 

It  was 

Voted,  To  adjourn. 


Monday  Morning,  December  ii,  1916 
9  A.  M. 

The  Council  was  called  to  order  by  the  President,  Frank 
Mason  North,  who  introduced  Rt.  Rev.  Morris  W.  Leibert  as 
the  presiding  officer. 

The  Scriptures  were  read  by  Professor  G.  A.  Haury  and 
prayers  were  offered  by  Rev.  D.  J.  Brandt  and  Rev.  George 
Elliott. 

The  minutes  of  the  session  of  Saturday  afternoon  w^ere 
read  and  approved. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  a  committee  on  closing  resolutions  be  ap- 
pointed.   The  President  appointed  the  following  committee : 

Rev.  George  Elliott,  Rev.  William  H.  Black,  and  Rev. 
George  Reynolds. 

Rev.  William  H.  Roberts,  chairman,  presented  the  report 
of  the  Commission  on  Evangelism  which  was  referred  to  the 
•Business  Committee. 

It  was 

Voted,  To  instruct  the  Business  Committee  to  strike  out 
from  the  report  all  that  part  of  it  beginning  on  page  31  with 
the  words  "Seven  hundred  and  thirty-one  cities,  etc.,"  to  page 
34,  down  to  the  section  entitled  "Recommendations." 

The  following  amendment  to  the  report  was  also  referred 
to  the  Business  Committee — ^to  substitute  the  words  "to  consider 
methods  of  work  in  each  denomination"  for  the  words 
"Standardize  the  work  of  each  denomination." 

Rev.  William  E.  Biederwolf  addressed  the  Council  on  the 
subject  of  Evangelism. 

The  President  introduced  Rev.  Clair  E.  Ames,  Secretary 
of  the  St.  Louis  Federation,  who  addressed  the  Council. 

The  report  of  the  Committee  of  One  Hundred  "For  Re- 


42  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

ligious  Activities  at  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposition"  was  pre- 
sented by  President  Warren  H.  Landon,  and  it  was  voted  that 
the  report  be  received  and  placed  on  file  and  the  Committee 
discharged  with  the  thanks  of  the  Council. 

The  report  of  the  Commission  on  the  Church  and  Social 
Service  was  presented  by  Rev.  Worth  M.  Tippy,  Chairman, 
and  was  referred  to  the  Business  Committee. 

The  following  resolution,  offered  by  Rev.  W.  C.  Bitting, 
was  adopted,  after  the  suspension  of  the  usual  rule  referring 
resolutions  to  the  Business  Committee: 

The  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America,  com- 
posed of  members  appointed  by  thirty  Christian  bodies  with  eighteen 
millions  of  communicants,  extends  to  the  Christian  brethren  in  coun- 
tries now  engaged  in  war  its  deepest  sympathy,  born  of  Christian 
faith  and  brotherhood.  Our  hearts  have  been  touched  as  we  have 
learned  of  the  sufferings  that  war  has  brought,  and  have  been  stirred 
by  the  reports  of  the  deepening  of  the  Christian  spirit  through  sorrow 
and  self-devotion. 

We  pray  that  their  tragic  experiences  may  inspire  us  all  to  a 
deeper  loyalty  to  the  spiritual  realities  in  which  believers  in  Christ 
arc  one,  and  that  the  time  may  soon  come  when  differences  between 
nations  shall  be  adjusted  in  the  spirit  of  the  gospel  of  Christ  rather 
than  by  appeal  to  arms.  Especially  do  we  hope  that  the  present  war 
may  come  to  a  speedy  end,  and  call  upon  all  Christians  throughout  the 
world  to  cooperate  in  an  effort  to  establish  a  peace  that  shall  be 
lasting  because  based  on  justice  and  good- will. 

We,  therefore,  instruct  our  Executive  Committee  to  extend  this 
expression  of  our  Christian  sympathy  and  this  appeal  to  the  churches 
of  Christ  to  the  brethren  beyond  the  seas,  and  authorize  it  to  adopt 
such  methods  in  so  doing  as  may  seem  to  it  effective  and  expedient. 

The  following  actions  were  taken  on  the  report  of  the 
Business  Committee: 

I.  On  the  report  of  the  Commission  on  Peace  and  Arbi- 
tration 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  whole  matter  contained  in  the  report  with 
reference  to  military  training  in  the  public  schools  be  laid  on 
the  table. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  further  consideration  of  the  report  be  made 
the  first  order  of  the  day  this  afternoon  immediately  after 
devotional  service. 


QUADRENNIAL  MEETING  MINUTES  43 

2.  On  the  report  of  the  Special  Committee  on  Colored 
Denominations 

It  was 

Voted,  To  adopt  the  following  report  of  the  Business  Com- 
mittee : 

The  Business  Committee  recommends  that  the  Report  of 
the  Committee  on  the  Special  Interests  of  the  Colored  De- 
nominations be  approved  with  the  following  amendment: 

That  this  report  be  amended  by  omitting  the  paragraph  at  the 
bottom  of  page  10  beginning  with  the  word  "publicity"  continuing  to 
the  word  "yet"  on  the  third  line  on  page  11. 

The  Business  Committee  also  recommends  as  follows: 

(1.)  That  the  Council  approve  the  action  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee in  appointing  this  Special  Committee  to  bring  these  great  needs 
and  unfulfilled  opportunities  to  the  definite  attention  of  the  Council. 

(2.)  That  the  Council  take  this  opportunity  to  express  its  deep 
satisfaction  and  joy  that  in  the  Federal  Council  we  have  the  oppor- 
tunity to  bring  together,  in  the  love  and  fellowship  of  Christ,  the 
churches  of  the  two  races  which  share  together  the  life  of  our  nation 
and  which  together  contribute  to  its  development,  and  we  believe  that 
the  two  races  should  share  together  a  work  common  to  both  and  to 
all  the  children  of  God. 

We  would  recognize,  however,  that  there  are  special  needs  and 
peculiar  opportunities  of  the  four  denominations  composed  of  our 
colored  brethren  and  those  of  other  bodies  and  we  recommend 

(3.)  That  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Special  Interests 
of  the  Colored  Denominations  be  submitted  to  the  Commission  on  the 
Church  and  Social  Service,  the  Commission  on  Evangelism,  the  Com- 
mission on  the  Church  and  Country  Life,  the  Commission  on  Temper- 
ance, the  Commission  on  Interchurch  Federations,  and  the  Home  Mis- 
sions Council,  with  the  request  that  in  the  work  of  these  Commissions 
special  and  earnest  attention  be  given  by  the  appointment  of  particular 
committees,  if  desired,  to  these  needs  and  opportunities. 

If  desired,  such  special  committees  may  jointly  confer  upon  their 
work  and  pursue  it  in  cooperation. 

(4.)  That  these  Commissions,  in  their  annual  and  quadrennial 
reports,  to  the  Executive  Committee  and  to  the  Council,  give  an  ade- 
quate section  to  this  work. 

(5.)  That  the  Executive  Committee  and  the  Administrative  Com- 
mittee, in  the  light  of  these  reports,  shall  take  such  action  or  institute 
such  procedure  at  any  time  as  shall  carry  out  the  work  proposed  and 
secure  the  ends  desired. 


44  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

The  Business  Committee  believe  that  this  procedure  will 
provide  the  most  effective  means  of  carrying  out  the  pro- 
posals of  this  Report,  as  well  as  such  other  work  as  shall  be 
found  possible  from  time  to  time. 

The  Business  Committee,  through  John  M.  Glenn,  also 
submitted  the  following  statement,  on  behalf  of  the  members 
designated  in  its  heading: 

STATEMENT  TO  THE  FEDERAL  COUNCIL  FROM  THE 
REPRESENTATIVES  OF  THE  NATIONAL  BAPTIST  CONVEN- 
TION, THE  COLORED  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH 
IN  AMERICA,  THE  AFRICAN  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL 
CHURCH,  AND  THE  AFRICAN  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL 
ZION  CHURCH,  AND  OTHER  CHURCHES  OF  COLORED 
MEMBERSHIP. 
Dear  Brethren: 

The  members  of  these  churches  represented  in  the  Council  desire 
to  express  their  joy  in  sharing  the  fellowship  of  the  Federal  Council 
of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America,  and  in  uniting  in  its  work 
with  the  equal  rights  and  privileges  accorded  us. 

We  recognize  also  with  pleasure  the  appointment  of  a  Special 
Committee  which  was  appointed  to  bring  to  the  attention  of  the 
Council  the  special  interests  of  our  race. 

We  desire  to  ask  that  our  work  and  needs  be  considered  just  the 
same  as  those  of  any  other  members  of  the  Council,  and  we  express 
our  desire  to  share  in  the  work  of  all  the  Commissions  of  the  Council 
with  the  privilege  of  bringing  the  needs  of  our  people  to  the  attention 
of  those  Commissions. 

At  the  same  time,  it  is  clearly  apparent  that  our  churches  have 
particular  necessities  different  from  those  of  the  other  churches  in 
the  Council.  Therefore,  we  may  desire  to  bring  to  the  attention  of 
the  Council  or  its  Executive  Committee  special  matters  which  we 
believe  should  call  for  special  action. 

We  would  respectfully  express  the  feeling  that  our  race  on  the 
one  hand  suffers  many  wrongs  from  those  who  are  stronger  than  we, 
but  still  more  we  rejoice  that  those  who  are  stronger  than  we  sustain 
and  help  us. 

We  feel  that  there  is  danger  that  our  people  may  sometimes  lose 
their  faith  in  their  brethren  of  the  white  race,  and  we  believe  that 
the  Council  should  never  hesitate  to  condemn  the  grievous  wrongs 
done  us,  and  yet  we  desire  that  the  Council  shall  not  do  or  say 
anything  which  may  increase  strife  and  bitterness.    We  ask  no  special 


QUADRENNIAL  MEETING  MINUTES  45 

consideration.  We  only  ask  for  justice  in  the  spirit  of  love.  We  ask 
that  the  Council,  through  the  work  of  its  Commissions,  shall  not  only 
help  us  in  righting  our  wrongs,  but  also  in  lifting  our  people  in  educa- 
tion, in  their  social  conditions,  and,  above  all,  in  their  moral  and 
spiritual  life. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  statement  be  received  and  entered  on  the 
records. 

Prayer  was  offered  by  Rt.  Rev.  Morris  W.  Leibert. 

The  meeting  adjourned. 


Monday  Afternoon,  December  ii,  1916 
2.30  P.  M. 

The  Council  was  called  to  order  by  the  President. 

The  Scriptures  were  read  and  prayer  offered  by  Rev.  T. 
Lehmann. 

The  minutes  of  the  session  of  Saturday  evening  and  Mon- 
day morning  were  read  and  approved. 

The  following  recommendations  of  the  Business  Committee 
were  adopted: 

1.  That  the  report  of  the  Commission  on  Peace  and 
Arbitration  with  the*  eleven  recommendations  contained  in 
the  report,  seriatim,  be  adopted. 

2.  That,  on  the  resolution  on  the  development  of  state 
and  local  federations,  action  be  taken  as  follows: 

Resolved,  That  this  Council  direct  its  newly  appointed  Commission 
on  Interchurch  Federations  (State  and  Local),  to  give  especial  con- 
sideration to  the  development  of  State  Federations,  in  order,  in  the 
most  efficient  and  economical  manner,  to  cover  the  whole  field  of 
interchurch  work,  rural  as  well  as  urban,  the  combination  of  churches 
as  well  as  cooperation  by  the  churches. 

3.  In  answer  to  a  resolution  adopted  by  the  Council  of 
Federation  Executive  Secretaries  at  St.  Louis,  December  5, 
1916. 

RESOLUTION 
Whereas,  The  executive  secretaries  of  State  and  Local  Federations 
are  in  the  closest  touch  with  the  practical  problems  and  details  of 
federation  work,  and  therefore  are,  on  the  one  hand,  most  vitally 
concerned  in  the  action  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of 
Christ  in  America,  and  on  the  other,  are  in  a  position  to  be  of  the 
greatest  service  in  its  discussions;  therefore: 


46  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Resolved,  That  this  Council  of  Executive  Secretaries  respectfully 
petition  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America 
to  consider  how  such  secretaries  may  be  given  some  representation 
in  its  membership,  either  by  making  them  corresponding  members, 
ex  officio,  or  by  suggesting  to  the  constituent  denominational  bodies 
that  in  the  selection  of  their  representatives  they  name  a  due  propor- 
tion of  such  men  with  a  practical  experience  in  the  details  of  Church 
Federation. 

The  Committee  recommends  that  the  resolution  be  referred 
to  the  Executive  Committee. 

4.  On  a  larger  attendance  of  laymen  in  the  Council.  The 
Committee  recommends  that  the  Council  call  the  attention  of 
the  Constituent  Bodies  to  the  importance  of  securing  as  large 
an  attendance  of  the  lay  members  in  the  delegations  as  possible 
in  the  Council. 

5.  That  the  report  of  the  Commission  on  Family  Life  be 
adopted  in  the  form  as  amended  by  the  Business  Committee. 
(See  Vol.  v.). 

6.  On  the  report  of  the  Committee  on  Publicity,  the 
Committee  recommends  that  the  report  be  adopted. 

7.  On  the  report  of  the  Religious  Press  Conference,  the 
Committee  recommends  that  the  report  be  adopted. 

8.  On  the  report  of  the  Commission  to  arrange  for  the 
celebration  of  the  Four  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Protes- 
tant Reformation,  the  Committee  recommends  that  the  report 
be  adopted. 

9.  On  the  message  of  Dr.  Sanford,  the  Honorary  Secre- 
tary, the  Committee  recommends  that  the  following  resolution 
be  adopted.     (This  resolution  was  adopted  by  a  rising  vote)  : 

The  Federal  Council  is  grateful  to  God  for  the  spared  life  and 
restored  health  of  its  Honorary  Secretary,  Rev.  E.  B.  Sanford,  and 
rejoices  in  his  presence  at  this  Quadrennial.  What  this  great  move- 
ment owes  to  his  idealism,  faith,  tact,  love,  and  persistence,  cannot 
now  be  adequately  measured  or  expressed.  In  the  love  and  confidence 
of  his  brethren  in  all  the  churches,  he  may  find  some  compensation  for 
the  sacrifices  and  services  of  the  long  and  trying  years  before  success 
became  assured.  The  Council  would  also  place  on  record  its  high 
appreciation  of  the  service  rendered  by  Dr.  Sanford  in  the  writing 
of  his  reminiscent  story  of  the  origin  and  history  of  this  great 
Council,  and  accepts  with  gratitude  his  tender  of  this  in- 
teresting contribution  to  the  history  of  the  movement  as  a  part  of 
his  message  as  Honorary  Secretary.    May  the  blessing  of  God  abide 


QUADRENNIAL  MEETING  MINUTES  47 

upon  him,  and  the  light  shine  more  and  more  brightly  upon  his  path- 
way even  unto  the  perfect  day. 

10.  On  the  report  of  the  Commission  on  Christian  Edu- 
cation. The  Committee  recommends  that  the  report  be 
adopted. 

11.  On  the  report  of  the  Commission  on  Sunday  Observ- 
ance.   The  Committee  recommends  that  the  report  be  adopted. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  following  additional  resolution  (supple- 
mental) be  adopted : 

That  while  we  concede  the  right  of  all  who  conscientiously  choose 
to  do  so,  to  observe  the  seventh  day  of  the  week  as  a  day  of  worship, 
yet,  believing  as  we  do,  that  the  growth  and  permanency  of  our  civil 
and  religious  institution  demands  the  legal  sanction  and  protection  of 
the  one  day  as  the  Christian  Sabbath,  and  further,  in  view  of  the  fact 
that  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  has  given  its  approval 
to  Sunday  Laws  as  a  part  of  the  common  law  of  the  land,  therefore, 
we  pledge  ourselves  to  seek  the  enactment  and  enforcement  of  both 
state  and  federal  laws  for  the  preservation  of  the  Christian  Sabbath. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  following  paper  from  the  Seventh-Day 
Baptists  and  also  the  Resolution  of  Rev.  J.  T.  Bergen,  be  made 
a  part  of  the  record : 

To  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America 

St.  Louis,  Missouri,  December,  1916; 
Dear  Brethren: 

While  appeals  to  state  or  national  government  for  the  support 
of  distinctly  religious  institutions  seem  to  us  to  savor  of  union  of 
church  and  state,  yet  with  the  understanding  that  the  report  of  the 
Commission  on  Sunday  Observance  is  to  be  interpreted  in  the  light 
of  the  Constitution  of  the  Council,  we  do  not  oppose  its  adoption. 

Individually  or  denominationally  our  people  have  been  associated 
with  this  great  movement  from  its  beginning.  We  believe  in  it.  Its 
expenses  have  a  place  in  our  Conference  budget.  We  are  loyal  to  its 
principles,  and  labor  for  their  extension. 

Your  splendid  courtesy  has  more  than  once  stirred  our  hearts; 
and  we  beg  you  to  record  the  following  as  an  expression  of  our  attitude 
toward  the  work  of  our  Commission  on  Sunday  Observance. 

Under  the  Christian  dispensation  all  time  and  places  and  the  whole 
of  life  are  holy.  For  this  very  reason,  some  day,  conscientiously  re- 
garded, should  be  especially  given  to  letting  God  come  into  our  minds 


48  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

and  hearts.  And  the  day  on  which  God  thus  finds  men,  and  on  which 
men  find  in  him  their  Father,  and  in  every  man  a  brother,  is  truly 
a  Religious  Rest  Day. 

Yours  sincerely, 

.  Arthur  E.  Main 
BooTHE  C.  Davis 
A.  J.  C.  Bond 
Edwin  Shaw 

Delegates  from  the 
Seventh-Day  Baptist 
General  Conference 

RESOLUTION  OF  REV.  J.  T.  BERGEN 
Resolved,  That  the  Federal  Council  commends  the  courtesy  and 
breadth  of  the  Seventh-Day  Baptist  Brethren  in  their  statement  con- 
cerning the  Day  of  Rest. 

12.  On  the  report  of  the  Commission  on  Temperance,  the 
Committee  recommends  that  the  report  be  adopted. 

13.  On  the  report  of  the  Commission  on  the  Church  and 
Social  Service,  the  Committee  recommends  that  the  report 
be  adopted. 

14.  On  the  report  of  the  Commission  on  Evangelism,  the 
Committee  recommends  that  the  report  be  adopted,  with  the 
omissions  and  amendments,  as  made  by  the  Business  Com- 
mittee.    (See  Vol.  v.). 

15.  On  credentials,  the  Committee  recommends: 

That  the  Executive  Committee,  or  its  Administrative  Committee, 
be  requested  to  furnish  to  the  constituent  bodies  of  the  Federal 
Council  a  suitable  form  of  credentials  for  members  and  alternates. 

16.  On  the  historical  and  informational  parts  of  reports  of 
Commissions,  the  Committee  recommends  the  adoption  of  the 
following  resolution: 

Resolved,  That  the  Council  hereby  declares  that  the  historical 
and  informational  portions  of  reports  of  Committees  and  Commissions 
approved  by  the  Council  are  not  the  voice  of  the  Council  in  the  same 
sense  as  the  recommendations  and  resolutions  duly  adopted. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  it  is  the  sense  of  the  Council  that  the  published 
records  of  this  session,  with  the  reports  of  Commissions,  be 
reduced  under  the  editorial  supervision  provided  by  the  ad- 
ministrative office,  to  the  smallest  possible  proportions  consist- 
ent with  the  statement  of  essential  information  and  decisions. 


QUADRENNIAL  MEETING  MINUtES  4d 

it  was 

Voted,  That  the  Council  make  a  record  of  its  appreciation 
of  the  efficient  and  faithful  services  of  the  chairman,  secretary, 
and  members  of  the  Business  Committee. 
It  was 

Voted,  That  the  following  resolution  of  George  Warren 
Brown  be  referred  to  the  Commission  on  Social   Service. 

'That  local  church  federations  be  advised  to  establish  a  department 
of  industrial  conditions,  and  that  a  secretary  for  such  department 
be  maintained  who  shall  address  the  head  officer  of  each  organization 
operating  factories  or  mills  an  appropriate  letter  requesting  that  the 
courtesy  of  the  management  be  extended  to  the  industrial  secretary 
of  the  church  federation.  Upon  the  receipt  of  such  invitations  from 
these  organizations,  a  letter  of  appreciation  shall  be  sent  in  reply, 
to  be  followed  by  an  introduction  of  the  secretary  for  examination  and 
report  on  safety  appliances,  sanitary,  health,  and  other  industrial  con- 
ditions, these  reports  to  be  made  to  the  local  federation  and  also  filed 
with  the  Federal  Council  Commissions  to  be  tabulated  in  a  general 
report." 

It  was 

Voted,  To  proceed  to  the  election  of  Vice-Presidents,  mem- 
bers of  the  Executive  Committee,  and  alternates.  The  Secre- 
tary read  the  nominations,  and 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  list  be  approved  and  that  the  names  therein 
contained  be  elected  to  the  respective  offices  for  which  they 
were  nominated.     (See  pages  350-357). 

It  was 

Voted,  That  further  additions  to  these  lists  and  the  com- 
pletion of  defective  lists  be  referred  to  the  Administrative 
Committee  with  power. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  any  items  of  business  left  unfinished  by  the 
Council  be  referred  to  the  Executive  Committee  with  power. 

Rev.  George  Elliott  presented  the  following  report  of  the 
Committee  on  closing  resolutions  of  thanks  and  appreciation, 
which  was  adopted. 

We  rejoice  that  our  former  Presidents  Bishop  E.  R.  Hendrix, 
Dean  Shailer  Mathews,  and  Rev.  William  H.  Roberts,  Chairman  of  the 
Interchurch  Conference  on  Federation  in  New  York  in  1905,  have 
been  with  us  to  add  to  their  valuable  service  in  office  the  counsel  born 
of  their  wisdom  and  experience. 


50  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

To  the  General  Secretary,  Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland  and  his 
coadjutors,  we  render  the  tribute  due  to  official  fidehty,  unfailing 
courtesy,  and  tireless  service. 

To  the  Recording  Secretary,  Rev.  Rivington  D.  Lord,  and  his 
associates  we  are  grateful  for  the  ability  and  accuracy  of  their  work. 

To  our  Treasurer,  Alfred  R.  Kimball,  we  are  under  obligation 
for  another  quadrennium  of  self-denying  service. 

Our  indebtedness  to  the  Church  Federation  of  St.  Louis  can  be 
but  poorly  expressed  in  words.  The  Chairman,  Rev.  William  C. 
Bitting,  and  his  associates  on  the  various  local  committees  have  left 
no  convenience  for  our  comfort  or  facility  for  our  work  unsupplied. 
Through  them  we  would  convey  our  gratitude  for  the  gracious  hospi- 
tality of  homes,  the  provision  of  public  speakers,  the  clerical  assistance 
and  equipment,  the  convenient  arrangement  of  exhibits,  and  other 
official  and  personal  courtesies,  beyond  our  power  of  remuneration 
or  proper  acknowledgment. 

We  heartily  thank  the  officers  of  the  Second  Baptist  Church  for 
the  use  granted  us  of  every  part  of  their  beautiful  and  commodious 
building  for  the  sessions  of  the  Council  and  its  Commissions,  nor  can 
we  forget  the  similar  courtesies  granted  by  the  St.  John  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  South,  and  the  Kingshighway  Presbyterian  Church. 

We  appreciate  the  valuable  publicity  given  by  the  full  and  faithful 
reports  of  the  public  press. 

This  memoir  of  our  gratitude  would  not  be  complete  without 
mention  of  the  ad  interim  work  of  the  Executive  Committee,  the  mon- 
umental labors  of  the  various  Commissions  and  Committees,  whose 
reports  are  a  record  of  noble  achievement  and  a  program  full  of 
promise  for  the  future  activities.  Without  this  library  of  research,  our 
coming  together  would  have  been  less  fruitful.  We  cannot  name  these 
scores  of  patient  toilers,  but  ask  them  every  one  to  be  assured  of  our 
heartiest  thanks. 

The  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America  con- 
cludes its  Third  Quadrennial  Session  with  devout  thanksgiving  to 
Almighty  God  for  the  good  providence  which  has  attended  our  coming 
and  our  days  of  assembly,  for  the  ministry  of  his  grace  which  made 
our  meeting  the  means  of  much  personal  spiritual  profit,  and  for  his 
spirit  of  love  which  has  guarded  our  debate  from  dissension  and 
unseemly  strife  and  brought  us  to  an  inspiring  vision  of  a  larger 
unity  in  Jesus   Christ. 

We  welcome  the  presence  of  our  Honorary  Secretary,  Rev.  E.  B. 
Sanford,  and  congratulate  him  on  seeing  so  rich  a  fruition  of  his 
hopes  and  services. 


QUADRENNIAL  MEETING  MINUTES  51 

It  was 

Voted,  That  we  request  that  Dr.  Sanford  prepare  and 
transmit  to  Rev.  J.  H.  Garrison,  a  suitable  resolution  expres- 
sive of  the  regard  of  the  Federal  Council  and  our  sense  of  loss 
in  his  absence  from  the  sessions  of  this  quadrennial  meeting. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  thanks  of  the  Council  be  extended  to  the 
chairman  of  the  Business  Committee,  William  H.  Scott;  to  its 
secretary.  Rev.  Charles  E.  Schaeffer ;  and  to  the  other  members 
of  the  committee. 

Closing  prayers  were  made  by  Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland, 
Rev.  E.  B.  Sanford,  and  the  President,  concluding  with  the 
Lord's  Prayer,  in  which  the  members  of  the  Council  joined. 

The  Benediction  was  pronounced  by  the  President,  Rev. 
Frank  Mason  North. 

The  Council  adjourned. 

RiviNGTON  D.  Lord, 

Recording  Secretary. 


IV. 

Minutes  of  the  Preliminary  Meeting  of  the  Execu- 
tive Connnittee  at  the  Hotel  Warwick, 

St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Monday,  December  11, 
1916,  at  8  P.  M. 

The  new  Executive  Committee  of  the  Federal  Council  was 
called  to  order  by  President  Frank  Mason  North. 

The  following  members  were  present:  Messrs.  William 
H.  Allison,  Aifred  Williams  Anthony,  J.  R.  Bennett,  A.  J.  C. 
Bond,  F.  W.  Burnham,  Henry  J.  Christman,  Hanford  Craw- 
ford (Alternate),  Robert  E.  Dickenson,  George  Elliott, 
Howard  B.  Grose,  R.  A.  Hutchinson,  W.  H.  Jernagin,  Alfred 
R.  Kimball,  Albert  G.  Lawson,  Morris  W.  Leibert,  Paul  H. 
Linn,  Rivington  D.  Lord,  Arthur  E.  Main,  Joseph  W.  Mauck, 
Henry  Collin  Minton,  John  M.  Moore,  Oliver  W.  Powers, 
S.  D.  Press,  R.  C.  Ransom,  William  H.  Roberts,  Robert  L. 
Rudolph,  William  H.  Scott,  Frank  M.  Thomas,  George  U. 
Wenner,  W.  C.  Woodward. 

Prayer  was  offered  by  Rev.  John  M.  Moore. 

ReV.  Charles  S.  Macfarland  was  unanimously  reelected  the 
General  Secretary  of  the  Federal  Council. 

Rev.  Rivington  D.  Lord  was  unanimously  elected  Record- 
ing Secretary  of  tlie  Executive  Committee. 

It  was  voted  that  a  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee 
be  held  in  New  York  on  Thursday,  January  ii,  191 7,  at  2.30 
P.  M.,  at  the  national  headquarters. 

It  was  voted  that  a  special  committee  of  five  be  appointed 
on  nomination  for  officers  and  secretaries  to  report  at  the 
meeting  of  January  11,  191 7. 

The  Chairman  appointed  the  following  committee :  Messrs. 
Glenn,  Herring,  Haven,  Idleman,  Roberts. 

It  was  voted  that  the  General  Secretary  and  the  Recording 
Secretary  be  directed  to  prepare  an  agenda  for  the  meeting 

52 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  MINUTES  S3 

of  January  ii,  and  that  a  copy  of  the  same  be  sent  to  the  mem- 
bers of  the  committee  at  least  one  week  before  the  time  of 
the  meeting. 

It  was  voted  that  the  present  Administrative  Committee  be 
continued  until  the  January  meeting  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee. 

It  was  voted  that  the  next  meeting,  to  be  held  in  January, 
1917,  is  not  to  be  considered  as  the  meeting  for  which  the 
payment  of  the  traveling  expenses  of  the  members  is  provided. 

It  was  voted  that  the  resolution  of  the  Federal  Council 
concerning  prayer  during  the  Christmas  season  for  peace  be 
sent  out  to  the  religious  press  by  the  General  Secretary  as  soon 
as  possible. 

It  was  voted  that  the  President  of  the  Council  be  requested 
to  act  as  the  Chairman  pro  tern  of  the  Executive  Committee. 

It  was  voted  to  adjourn  to  meet  on  January  11,  1917,  at 
the  general  headquarters  in  New  York  City. 

The  closing  prayer  was  offered  by  Hanford  Crawford. 
(Signed)     Rivington  D.  Lord, 

Recording  Secretary, 


V. 

The  Present  Outlook  for  Cooperative  Action 
by  the  Churches 

ADDRESS  OF  THE  PRESIDENT, 
DEAN  SHAILER  MATHEWS 

Four  years  ago  history  seemed  certain  to  follow  general 
tendencies  then  discernible.  The  immediate  problems  which 
faced  the  church  were  largely  those  of  healthful  development 
within  limits  set  by  normal  conditions.  So  far  as  competent 
observers  could  foresee,  the  program  of  Christian  ideals,  though 
not  as  rapid  as  we  could  hope,  was  not  threatened  by  any 
social  cataclysm,  and  the  finality  of  the  ethics  of  Jesus  was 
not  seriously  questioned  except  by  antichristian  radicals. 

How  changed  is  the  present  situation!  We  see  Christian 
Europe  at  war  and  the  entire  world  convulsed.  The  economic 
forces  of  civilization  are  utterly  disarranged,  the  hopes  which 
were  held  for  the  speedy  triumph  of  Christian  morality  are 
weakened,  and  Jesus  as  a  teacher  of  practical  ethics  is  again 
standing  before  Pilate. 

The  Federal  Council  would  have  been  unfaithful  to  its 
mission  if  it  had  not  faced  the  tasks  which  this  terrible  situa- 
tion has  laid  upon  American  churches.  If  our  American 
Protestantism  had  proved  itself  incapable  of  forcible  self- 
expression  at  such  a  moment,  we  might  well  distrust  its  future. 
But,  as  it  proved,  the  chaos  into  which  our  world  was  thrust 
has  served  to  unite  rather  than  to  dismember  American  Chris- 
tianity. The  Federal  Council,  which  in  19 12  was  beginning 
to  find  itself,  has  proved  to  be  a  providentially  prepared  agency 
in  a  time  when  united  action  alone  could  be  effective. 

But  the  Federal  Council  has  had  other  difficulties  to  con- 
front during  these  four  years.  Human  nature  is  so  consti- 
tuted that  it  is  always  easy  to  arouse  enthusiasm  for  an  idea 
not  yet  in  operation.  In  fact,  nothing  is  more  crucial  in  a 
pioneering  movement  like  that  represented  by  the  Federal 
Council  than  the  effort  to  bring  ideals  into  the  field  of  action. 
Administration  is  always  the  test  of  ideals.    It  has  been  no 

54 


ADDRESS  OF  PRESIDENT  55 

accident  that  the  Federal  Council  has  been  forced  to  steer  a 
rather  difficult  course.  If  it  had  confined  itself  to  conventions 
and  speeches,  it  would  have  been  charged  with  being  merely 
doctrinaire.  If,  on  the  other  hand,  it  actually  became  effect- 
ive, it  was  in  danger  of  being  charged  with  establishing  a 
super-authority,  a  sort  of  Protestant  papacy.  That  the  Federal 
Council  has  altogether  escaped  these  two  opposite  criticisms 
can  hardly  be  admitted.  There  have  been  those  who  have 
accused  us  of  dwelling  in  a  Utopia  of  generalizations  beyond 
realization;  there  have  been  others  who  have  not  hesitated  to 
say  that  federation,  whether  represented  by  the  Council  or  by 
local  organizations,  is  a  blow  at  the  independence  of  denomina- 
tions. 

I  am  very  sure  that  an  examination  of  the  reports  which 
are  to  be  submitted  to  this  Council  will  show  how  unfounded 
is  each  of  these  two  criticisms.  As  the  Committee  of  Fifteen 
appointed  to  examine  into  the  working  of  the  Federal  Council 
reports,  "In  all  its  movements  the  Council  has  kept  within  its 
constitutional  provisions  and  has  given  full  expression  to  the 
unity  of  evangelical  Christianity." 


The  operations  of  the  Council  will  be  reported  in  full  in  the 
course  of  its  sessions ;  for  our  present  purpose  it  will  suffice  to 
mention  certain  outstanding  accomplishments,  the  considera- 
tion of  which  will  enable  us  to  interpret  more  accurately  its 
significance  to  American  churches. 

The  finances,  which  in  191 2  were  a  source  of  no  small  em- 
barrassment, have  been  placed  on  a  satisfactory  basis,  although 
the  extent  of  operations  has  compelled  a  budget  for  191 6  of 
over  $100,000.  The  office  force  has  grown  from  an  acting 
secretary  to  a  very  considerable  body  of  trained  specialists, 
acting  in  cooperation  with  the  very  efficient  general  secretary ; 
and  the  quarters,  which  in  19 12  were  two  office  rooms,  have 
expanded  into  a  group  of  offices  in  New  York  and  Washington 
aggregating  something  over  twenty-five  rooms. 

But,  important  as  are  these  evidences  of  growth,  they  be- 
come almost  insignificant  in  comparison  with  the  work  which 
the  Council  has  been  conducting.  In  general,  this  may  be 
described  as  twofold :  first,  the  cultivation  of  the  growing  sense 
of  evangelical  unity  among  its  cooperating  denominations,  and 
second,  the  expression  of  this  community  of  feeling  at  points 


56  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

where  such  expresssion  was  both  possible  and  needed.  So 
far  as  the  first  of  these  two  purposes  is  concerned,  little  need 
be  said  except  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  meetings 
of  the  Executive  Committee  as  well  as  the  work  of  certain  of 
the  commissions  has  shown  a  steady  progress  in  the  spirit  of 
cooperation  among  Christian  bodies.  The  Council  has  been 
in  constant  touch  with  its  constituent  bodies,  and  has  en- 
deavored to  make  itself  a  clearinghouse  of  information  and  a 
means  of  better  mutual  understanding.  Such  service,  great 
as  it  is  to  the  efficiency  of  our  American  Protestantism,  can 
hardly  be  reduced  to  statistics,  but  it  has  its  place  among  those 
potent  influences  which  stream  from  the  church  of  Jesus  Christ. 

In  the  second  group  of  activities,  the  Federal  Council  has 
been  much  in  the  public  eye.  Under  its  auspices  continuous 
religious  work  was  carried  on  in  connection  with  the  Panama 
Exposition,  and  there  have  been  instituted  the  American  Peace 
Centenary  Committee,  the  American  Branch  of  the  World 
Alliance  for  Promoting  International  Friendship  through  the 
Churches,  the  great  cooperative  movement  for  war  relief  among 
the  peoples  of  Europe  and  Asia,  and  the  assistance  for  the 
French  Protestant  churches.  In  addition,  the  Council  has  in 
the  name  of  the  churches  called  American  Christianity  to  prayer 
for  great  emergencies,  as  well  as  for  the  weeks  of  prayer  of 
the  Christian  year.  It  has  furthered  international  good-will  by 
the  presence  of  its  representatives  both  in  Europe  and  in 
Asia.  Through  its  commissions  it  has  faced  social  problems, 
the  needs  of  the  rural  church,  evangelism,  education,  as  well 
as  matters  in  which  outstanding  action  was  more  difficult.  It 
has  organized  two  commissions :  that  on  Rural  Life,  and  that 
on  Federated  Movements.  The  importance  of  these  various 
undertakings  is  evinced  in  their  mere  recital.  Never  before  in 
history  has  there  been  anything  comparable  with  this  expression 
of  the  common  spirit  of  evangelical  Protestantism. 

These  accomplishments,  however,  have  been  at  the  same 
time  a  sort  of  laboratory  practise  for  the  Federal  Council.  In 
the  quadrennium  from  1908  to  1912  a  number  of  theories  were 
tested  and  approved  or  rejected.  Among  these  was  the  plan 
of  establishing  branch  secretaries  and  thus  organizing  the 
entire  nation  into  districts  centering  around  the  office  in  New 
York.  Experience  soon  showed  that  this  type  of  federated 
work  was  quite  impracticable,  and  was  altogether  inferior  to 
such  work  when  undertaken  by  local  initiative.    During  the 


ADDRESS  OF  PRESIDENT  57 

present  quadrennlum  there  has  been  no  attempt  at  reviving 
this  policy.  In  fact,  the  passage  of  time  has  made  clearer  the 
fact  that  the  function  of  the  Federal  Council  is  not  to  establish 
federations  or  to  bring  about  local  unions  of  churches,  but 
rather  to  be  exactly  what  its  name  implies :  a  council  represent- 
ing the  denominations  in  their  organized  capacity. 

There  is  a  danger  at  this  point  to  which  those  responsible 
for  the  conduct  of  the  affairs  of  the  Council  have  not  been 
indifferent:  it  is  that  the  Council  might  become  bureaucratic, 
and  that  it  should  put  in  the  hands  of  a  small  group  of  men 
power  to  set  forth  their  own  ideals  and  impressions  under  the 
guise  of  a  representation  which  at  the  best  can  be  only  im- 
perfect. The  fact  that  those  charged  with  the  administration 
of  the  Council  have  been  aware  of  this  danger  has  been  ap- 
parent to  all  those  at  all  in  touch  with  the  operations  of  the 
Council  and  administrative  commissions.  Equally  evident  has 
been  the  determination  on  their  part  to  avoid  this  danger  at 
every  turn.  The  General  Secretary  and  Administrative  Com- 
mittee have  been  especially  cautious,  and,  at  every  point  in 
which  such  misinterpretation  was  possible,  have  been  careful 
to  set  forth  clearly  and  unqualifiedly  the  actual  situation.  Their 
success  has  been  most  gratifying.  The  Federal  Council  at  the 
present  time  stands  pledged  to  no  peculiar  theories,  social, 
theological,  or  political.  It  has  refused  to  lend  itself  to  pro- 
grams threatening  to  identify  it  with  some  program  or  party, 
and  has  stood  unqualifiedly  for  those  great  principles  which 
are  in  the  heart  of  our  evangelical  faith. 

II 

More  important,  if  possible,  than  these  accomplishments  is 
the  meaning  of  the  movement  which  they  express. 

I.  The  operations  of  the  Federal  Council  during  the  past 
four  years  show  the  persistence  of  denominational  integrity. 
During  this  period  there  has  been  no  amalgamation  of  large 
religious  bodies,  except  that  of  the  Free  Baptists,  who  have 
to  a  very  considerable  extent  combined  with  the  Northern 
Baptist  Convention.  This  persistence  of  denominational  loyalty 
is  all  the  more  noteworthy  from  the  fact  that  during  these  four 
years  there  has  appeared  a  very  decided  increase  of  denomina- 
tional activity.  There  are  few  of  the  great  denominations 
which  have  not  undertaken  forward  movements.  The  Men 
and  Millions  Movement  of  the  Disciples,  the  Five-Year  Pro- 


58  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL  j 

gram  of  the  Baptists,  the  Five- Year  Program  of  the  Congre-     ; 
gationalists,  the  great  movement  on  the  part  of  the  Methodists 
and  Episcopalians   for  pensioning  their  ministry,  are  but  a 
few  of  the  outstanding  indications  of  the  hold  which  denomina-     \ 
tional  loyalty  has  upon  American  Christianity.     Nor  is  there     ] 
any  indication  that  the  attempt  at  cooperative  movements  such     : 
as  the  Federal  Council  represents  is  tending  toward  a  destruc-     \ 
tion  of  denominational  organizations.     Even   interdenomina- 
tional movements  like  the  Christian  Associations  have  their 
roots  in  recognized  denominations. 

The  Federal  Council  conserves  this  loyalty  of  denomina- 
tions to  their  history  and  their  characteristic  doctrines  and 
politics.  It  has  never  undertaken  even  to  discuss  such  ele- 
ments. It  is  an  outstanding  illustration  of  the  fact  that  while 
there  are  many  members  there  is  only  one  body,  the  head  of 
which  is  Christ.  So  far  as  we  can  forecast  the  future,  there  is 
no  indication  that  American  Christianity  will  be  organized 
along  other  lines.  For  my  own  part,  I  cannot  see  how  the 
existence  of  denominations  can  cease  in  Protestantism.  De- 
nominational alignments  may  in  some  cases  disappear,  as  in 
the  case  of  those  denominations  that  are  closely  alike,  but 
denominations  are  likely  to  be  a  persistent  fact.  Any  attempt 
at  developing  Christian  unity  must  start  with  this  fact.  Criti- 
cism of  the  Federal  Council  on  this  ground  is  likely  to  be  mere 
doctrinaire  petulance.  In  the  Federal  Council  we  are  trying 
to  take  things  as  they  are,  not  as  some  of  the  brethren  are 
endeavoring  to  persuade  us  they  ought  to  be. 

2.  But  denominationalism  during  the  past  few  years  has 
been  undergoing  a  very  remarkable  change.  Whereas  most 
denominations  started  in  the  spirit  of  sectarianism  and  became 
belligerent  bodies,  denominationalism  at  the  present  time  is 
rapidly  becoming  cooperative.  It  represents  the  federal  idea 
rather  than  the  imperial.  Already  cooperative  devices  and 
methods  have  been  discovered  by  which  it  is  possible  for  de- 
nominations to  work  together  on  broad  principles  without 
interference  with  each  other's  rights  and  without  raising  the 
question  of  each  other's  errors.  I  would  call  attention  to  the 
reports  of  the  Commissions  on  Home  Missions,  Foreign  Mis- 
sions, Evangelism,  Christian  Education,  and  State  and  Local 
Federations,  to  indicate  how  effective  a  device  denomination- 
alism is  becoming  for  bringing  about  an  active  Christian  co- 
operation.   Without  insisting  on  any  but  the  most  vital  doc- 


APDRESS  OF  PRESIDENT  59 

trine,  the  evangelical  denominations  are  moving  together  in  a 
way  which  was  barely  dreamed  of  half  a  generation  ago. 

Thus  within  Protestantism  we  are  discovering  that  spiritual 
solidarity  of  which  men  have  sung,  but  which  has  been  with 
great  difficulty  put  into  operation.  In  other  words,  the  present 
method  is  not  that  of  getting  Protestant  Christians  to  agree  on 
doctrine,  but  that  of  influencing  them  to  cooperate  in  service. 
The  way  to  get  together  is  to  work  together.  Particularly  has 
this  been  shown  in  the  past  four  years  in  the  impact  which 
Protestantism  as  represented  in  the  Federal  Council  has  been 
making  upon  the  fields  of  human  need  which  were  almost 
neglected  in  the  earlier  operations  of  the  churches.  I  mention 
only  three  fields  in  which  the  Federal  Council  has  been  able  to 
focalize  the  widespread  interest  of  its  constituent  members  in 
the  interest  of  an  extension  of  the  influence  of  the  gospel 
upon  human  aflFairs : 

( I )  In  the  field  of  social  service  the  Federal  Council  has 
been  and  is  able  to  share  in  the  leavening  of  social  evolution 
with  the  spirit  of  Jesus  Christ.  Probably  in  no  field  of  church 
activity  are  the  problems  more  difficult  or  more  vital.  Wisdom 
and  sanity  are  as  needful  here  as  in  any  field  of  moral  en- 
deavor, yet  it  is  unthinkable  that  men  and  women  under  the 
leadership  of  Jesus  Christ  can  be  content  to  endure  social 
conditions  as  they  are  now.  The  seriousness  of  the  crisis  has 
been  intensified  by  the  commercial  expansion  due  to  the  war, 
and  if  the  chm  ch  is  not  ready  to  step  forth  with  a  frank  mes- 
sage which  shall  crystallize  the  moral  sentiment  of  its  mem- 
bers, industrial  relations  will  go  on  their  way  outside  of  Chris- 
tian influence  in  much  the  same  way  as  have  the  relations 
between  nations.  The  pressure  upon  men  who  would  make 
actual  application  of  Christianity  to  social  affairs  in  any  re- 
constructive fashion  is  very  great.  But  this  fact  simply  in- 
tensifies the  need  of  the  further  inculcation  of  Christian  prin- 
ciples. There  is  no  denominational  question  here  involved  but 
one  that  is  fundamentally  religious.  Our  Commission  on 
Social  Service  has  been  able  to  be  of  real  assistance  in  many 
cases,  not  only  in  setting  forth  the  facts  in  certain  labor  dis- 
turbances, but  in  agitation  for  the  enforcement  of  laws  for  the 
benefit  of  workingmen.  In  such  connections,  the  fact  that  the 
Commission  represented  the  Council  has  given  it  far  more 
weight  and  influence  than  could  possibly  belong  to  any  strictly 
denominational  group. 


60  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

While  this  is  only  one  aspect  of  the  demand  which  the 
world  is  making  upon  Christianity,  it  is  at  least  one  so  vital 
and  so  terribly  immediate  that  we  may  well  pray  that  wisdom 
and  the  spirit  of  Jesus  Christ  may  be  given  to  all  Christians, 
whatever  may  be  their  economic  lot  in  life. 

(2)  In  the  field  of  international  relations,  the  Federal 
Council  has  also  been  able  to  make  evident  the  place  of  the 
Christian  spirit  in  human  affairs.  Here  again  there  is  no 
possibility  of  doctrinal  or  ecclesiastical  differences.  Either  in- 
ternationalism is  to  be  subject  to  the  laws  of  Christian  morality, 
or  it  is  not.  If  the  former  is  to  be  the  case,  it  is  the  business 
of  the  churches  to  bring  to  bear  their  proper  ideals  upon  those 
responsible  for  international  policies.  It  is,  of  course,  an  almost 
unprecedented  effort  which  the  Federal  Council  has  been  mak- 
ing at  this  point.  Frankly  disclaiming  all  political  affiliations, 
representatives  of  the  Federal  Council  have  been  able  to  carry 
to  many  nations,  including  those  at  war,  a  message  of  Chris- 
tian friendliness,  and  thus  to  keep  alive  a  loyalty  to  the  king- 
dom of  the  spirit  which  ultimately  must  rule  in  the  kingdoms 
of  the  world.  The  mere  fact  that  in  such  action  these  repre- 
sentatives were  authorized  by  an  organization  such  as  the 
Federal  Council  had  an  influence  which  would  not  have  been 
possible  otherwise. 

Indeed,  to  a  certain  extent,  the  Federal  Council  is  itself  a 
training  school  in  international  politics,  for  it  is  breaking  the 
way  by  which  various  independent  bodies  can  act  together 
for  the  common  end  which  expresses  the  fundamental  pur- 
pose of  their  existence.  We  are  repeating  in  a  way  the  history 
of  the  church.  As  the  local  church  has  been  the  school  and 
laboratory  in  which  have  been  worked  out  ideals  of  political 
freedom,  so  interdenominationalism  is  the  laboratory  in  which 
can  be  worked  out  some  of  the  problems  of  internationalism. 
For  if  denominations  cannot  live  together  in  peace,  how  can 
Christians  fairly  expect  to  teach  nations  to  live  together  in 
peace?  If  Christian  churches  cannot  keep  from  quarreling, 
how  can  they  teach  the  nations  to  keep  from  war  ? 

(3)  Most  recent  of  all  our  undertakings  is  the  effort  to 
evangelize  our  rural  life.  The  Commission  on  Rural  Life  was 
the  outgrowth  of  the  Commission  on  Social  Service,  but  it  has 
already  attained  an  independent  position,  and  after  the  remark- 
able meetings  held  in  Columbus  in  191 6,  in  connection  with 
the  meetings  of  the  Executive  Committee,  the  Commission  on 


ADDRESS  OF  PRESIDENT  61 

Rural  Life  is  certainly  to  be  regarded  as  one  of  the  leavening 
influences  in  America.  That  it  faces  difficult  and  delicate  prob- 
lems has  already  become  apparent.  It  must  undoubtedly  work 
out  results  by  experiment  rather  than  in  accordance  with  pre- 
conceived theories.  But  it  is  at  least  bringing  to  bear  upon  our 
rural  life  a  conception  of  a  great  evangelical  Christianity,  as 
distinct  from  the  competition  which  too  often  has  marked  the 
church  life  in  small  communities.  No  careful  student  of 
present  tendencies  in  American  life  can  avoid  seeing  that  only 
as  denominations  cooperate  in  some  way  in  the  maintenance 
of  churches  in  country  districts  can  those  districts  be  pre- 
vented from  falling  into  irreligion  of  the  densest  sort.  The 
Federal  Council  here,  as  in  the  case  of  social  service  and  inter- 
nationalism, will  prove  itself  of  immense  service. 

3.  A  third  tendency  of  our  modern  church  life  indicated 
by  the  work  of  the  Federal  Council  during  the  past  four 
years  is  the  growing  desire  for  a  united  expression  of  a  generic 
Christian  attitude.  This,  of  course,  may  be  in  a  way  regarded 
as  a  phase  of  the  cooperative  movement  among  denominations 
to  which  reference  has  already  been  made.  But  it  is  even 
deeper.  Everywhere  throughout  the  country  thoughtful  men 
and  women  are  undertaking  some  form  of  federated  Christian 
work.  The  report  of  our  Commission  on  State  and  Local 
Federations  and  of  that  on  Federated  Movements  are  almost 
revolutionary  reading  when  one  compares  them  with  the  total 
indifference  to  anything  like  cooperative  action  which  marked 
the  earnest  Christian  life  of  a  generation  ago.  THe  inter- 
esting fact  here  is  that  we  seem  to  have  passed  into  a  second 
stage.  We  first  established  organizations  to  federate  certain 
types  of  Christian  life;  now  we  are  trying  to  federate  these 
federated  movements.  The  list  of  such  movements  contained 
in  the  report  of  the  Commission  on  Federated  Movements  will 
show  that  there  is  already  overlapping  of  operations  of  these 
movements  that  have  started  independently  to  give  coherence 
to  Christian  activity.  Just  how  far  this  overlapping  can  be 
avoided  the  future  alone  can  tell,  but  the  thoughtful  leaders 
of  great  Christian  undertakings  are  impatient  of  unnecessary 
duplications  of  organization  and  work.  That  the  Federal 
Council  can  be  of  great  service  in  the  way  both  of  expressing 
and  of  directing  this  attitude  of  mind,  events  have  thoroughly 
shown. 

4.  But  deeper  than  all  these  indications  of  a  renewed  life 


62  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL  i 

I 

in  American  Protestantism  is  a  more  distinct  recognition  of' 
the  moral  dynamic  which  lies  in  the  evangelical  faith  in  Jesusj 
Christ.  One  of  the  earliest  discussions  into  which  the  Protes-| 
tant  movement  entered  concerned  the  relation  of  faith  and| 
works.  The  answer  finally  given  to  the  questions  which  this' 
discussion  aroused  were  eminently  sane  theologically,  andi 
across  the  centuries  Protestantism  has  insisted  that  faith  must; 
be  energized  by  love.  But  never  in  the  history  of  the  Protes-I 
tant  movement  has  the  attention  of  men  been  so  consciously! 
directed  to  the  unifying  power  of  the  gospel  of  Jesus  which  soj 
supplements  the  gospel  about  Jesus.  We  have  invented  no^ 
new  doctrine,  but  rather  have  we  come  to  see  that  if  we  call^ 
him  Lord  and  do  the  things  he  commands  us,  we  have  thai 
reinforcement  of  God  Almighty.  The  Federal  Council  in  its: 
insistence  that  its  one  bond  of  union  shall  be  th«  recognition! 
of  Jesus  Christ  as  the  divine  Lord  and  Savior  is  simply  voicing! 
the  precious  ethical  and  moral  dynamic  of  such  a  confession! 
when  it  represents  the  churches  in  an  ever  more  concerted! 
attack  upon  moral  disorders.  The  old  discussion  which  was; 
settled  once  in  theological  terms  is  now  being  settled  in  moral^ 
terms  as  well.  Love  to  our  neighbor  is  being  set  forth,  not  asj 
coordinate  with,  but  as  a  part  of  the  dynamic  of  the  love  ofj 
God.  As  our  understanding  of  human  life  has  grown  more; 
intelligent,  we  have  found  new  power  in  a  message  of  a  Godj 
reconciled  to  the  world.  In  Christ's  name  we  urge  the  worldj 
to  be  reconciled  to  God.  And  we  know  that  such  reconciliation' 
must  be  expressed  in  better  ordered  life,  both  individual  and- 
social.  Even  more  than  the  transformation  of  denominational-; 
ism  and  the  disclosure  of  the  spiritual  solidarity  in  Protestant-j 
ism,  this  larger  recognition  of  the  principles  which  Jesusj 
himself  enumerates  and  expounds,  this  larger  willingness  tol 
pay  the  price  of  loyalty  to  such  teachings,  is  the  most  significant; 
phase  of  the  religious  life  as  represented  by  the  activity  of  the* 
Federal  Council.  We  have  come  more  clearly  to  see  that  if  wd 
accept  Jesus  as  the  Son  of  God,  we  can  safely  accept  hisj 
principles  as  ultimately  practicable  among  the  sons  of  men.j 
If  God  be  for  us,  who  can  be  against  us?  The  gates  of  hell; 
cannot  stand  before  the  onset  of  such  faith !  i 

III  i 

In  this  record  of  our  past  is  the  call  of  our  future.    Asi 
never  before,   Christianity   faces   world-wide  problems.     ItSi 


ADDRESS  OF  PRESIDENT  63 

mission  is  serious  and  will  not  be  finished  until  the  whole  world 
is  brought  under  the  sway  of  Christ. 

It  must  be  confessed  that  the  past  two  years  have  largely 
dissipated  that  easy-going  optimism  which  we  once  were 
tempted  to  identify  with  faith.  Face  to  face  with  unprece- 
dented perils,  strong  men  must  take  the  kingdom  of  God  by 
force.  The  war  is  certainly  sifting  the  various  conceptions  of 
Christianity  for  which  men  have  argued  in  recent  years,  and 
thoughtful  men  have  come  to  feel  that  either  we  must  have 
more  Christianity  or  we  shaft  have  less.  But  to  give  the  world 
more  Christianity  is  only  one  way  of  saying  that  we  must 
bring  the  gospel  of  Jesus  more  completely  into  touch  with  all 
phases  of  human  life,  that  its  impact  must  not  be  weakened 
by  internal  divisions  and  strifes  among  its  followers,  that  the 
moral  implications  of  truth  must  follow  the  acceptance  of 
truth,  that  our  plans  must  be  more  extensive,  more  unified, 
and  more  filled  with  the  spirit  of  the  Cross. 

The  Federal  Council  does  not  stand  for  a  mere  philosophy 
of  society,  or  even  a  mere  philosophy  of  salvation.  Illumination 
is  not  evangelization.  Prayer  is  more  powerful  than  programs. 
Intelligibility  of  doctrine  is  by  no  means  identical  with  spiritual 
power  of  faith.  The  gospel  is  more  than  a  message  of  a  better 
civilization.  There  must  be  repentance  before  there  can  be 
reform.  We  can  never  hope  to  make  the  world  accept  the 
gospel  until  individual  men  and  women  feel  the  saving  power 
of  God  in  their  own  lives.  To  think  of  constructing  a  Christian 
civilization  from  individuals  whose  own  lives  are  untouched 
by  the  gospel  is  as  futile  as  to  think  that  a  democracy  can  be 
organized  by  savages.  As  we  extend  the  gospel  into  the  con- 
structive forces  of  to-day's  life,  it  is  indispensable  that  we 
first  bring  individual  souls  into  fellowship  with  God  and  the 
practise  of  the  gospel.  It  is  a  sign  of  promise,  that,  just  at  the 
moment  the  Protestant  churches  of  America  see  the  majestic 
possibilities  of  the  gospel  in  social  reconstruction,  they  are 
entering  upon  a  new  epoch  of  evangelism.  By  a  great  variety 
of  means,  they  are  appealing  to  individual  men  and  women  as 
never  before  to  acknowledge  the  leadership  of  Jesus  Christ. 
The  success  of  the  social  gospel  will  be  largely  dependent  upon 
the  success  of  this  gospel  with  the  individual.  There  are  not 
two  gospels,  even  though  there  may  be  two  fields  in  which 
the  one  gospel  must  work.  We  cannot  place  the  individual 
over  against  society  and  think  that  there  is  a  division  in  the 


64  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

appeal  of  the  divine  message ;  we  must  deal  with  the  individual 
in  society  and  bring  the  gospel  to  him  both  as  an  individual 
and  as  a  social  being.  Conviction  of  sin,  and  a  sense  of  the 
need  of  God's  help  must  come  to  every  man  who  honestly  con- 
siders his  inner  life  and  undertakes  to  test  it  by  the  standards 
of  Jesus  Christ.  If  we  are  to  take  Jesus  seriously  as  a  leader 
of  the  nations,  we  must  take  him  seriously  as  a  leader  of  our 
own  individual  lives. 

Obviously  there  is  nothing  novel  in  this.  It  is  simply  to 
reiterate  that  which  the  church  has  always  undertaken  and 
regarded  as  its  chief  task.  But  in  so  doing  we  can  now  face 
the  problem  of  sin  and  of  salvation  very  much  more  intelli- 
gently than  could  those  of  the  past.  We  know  only  too  well 
that  human  lives  cannot  be  saved  by  merely  physical  removal, 
from  the  social  world.  The  hermit  and  the  monk  are  illustra-, 
tions  of  a  conception  of  religion  which  substitutes  rescue  for! 
salvation.  We  can  already  see  that  the  task  which  faces  the! 
church  is  one  of  almost  infinite  variety  and  difficulty.  But  in' 
the  midst  of  it  we  can  see  that  it  is  primarily  a  problem  of 
persons  rather  than  of  programs.  The  church  in  the  veryj 
nature  of  the  case  cannot  build  int6  its  message  any  definite 
scheme  for  reorganizing  society.  It  must  produce  men  withj 
the  hope  of  the  future  kingdom  of  God  in  their  hearts;  men 
who  are  ready  to  adventure  in  a  more  Christlike  righteousness ;' 
who  are  unwilling  to  let  their  religion  detach  them  from  ser-; 
vice  to  the  world;  and  who  feel  as  much  moral  responsibility 
for  the  slums,  and  intemperance,  and  industrial  unrighteous-1 
ness  as  for  individual  sin.  To  produce  men  of  a  Christian' 
spirit  is  a  task  which  no  other  institution  is  really  undertaking. 
Therein  is  the  great  mission  of  the  Christian  church.  All  re- 
forms would  be  easy  if  it  were  not  for  folks.  The  church 
must  undertake  to  produce  regenerate  folks.  In  the  discussion 
of  all  problems,  it  must  not  forget  the  homely  fact  that  it  is 
folks  who  hire  laborers,  own  machines,  organize  trade  unions, 
conduct  diplomatic  relations,  and  fight  wars.  Make  folks  in- 
telligently good,  and  most  of  our  social  problems  will  reduce! 
themselves  to  questions  of  administration.  I 

I  feel  very  deeply  that  the  church  will  fail  utterly  unlessi 
it  does  bring  its  interest  in  humanity  to  the  focus  of  definite 
individuals.  Christianity  has  never  succeeded  when  it  has! 
undertaken  to  work  en  masse.  Christian  principles  must  bel 
put  into  society,  but  this  is  possible  only  when  Christian  people* 


ADDRESS  OF  PRESIDENT  65 

leaven  society.  In  our  determination  to  bring  about  reforms, 
we  too  often  practise  a  sort  of  altruism  which  deals  with  per- 
sons impersonally.  Good  legislation  will  be  powerless  without 
good  people.  A  man  with  good  purposes  always  finds  some 
appeal  to  force  crouching  at  his  door,  and  unless  the  churches 
of  America  reconsecrate  themselves  to  the  production  of  a 
character  that  in  all  departments  of  life  prefers  the  cross  to  the 
sword,  and  patiently  trains  men  in  the  principles  and  attitudes 
of  Jesus,  religion  will  not  be  thoroughly  effective  in  the  field 
of  social  reconstruction.  If  the  world  is  to  be  transformed  by 
the  principles  of  Jesus,  it  is  the  business  of  the  churches  to 
prepare  the  human  leaven  which  can  be  sent  out  to  function  as 
Christians  in  all  forms  of  social  activity.  Let  our  recognition 
of  our  obligation  to  society  not  blind  us  to  our  obligation  to 
souls.  The  Commission  on  Social  Service  may  well  strike 
hands  with  the  Commission  on  Evangelism,  and  the  two 
together  work  toward  the  bringing  in  of  the  kingdom  of  God. 

Thus  the  call  of  the  future  is  primarily  for  the  training 
of  these  individuals  in  the  sacrificial  social-mindedness  of 
Jesus.  The  churches  must  be  schools  of  this  Christian  atti- 
tude of  mind.  Any  reform  which  we  undertake  to  carry  to 
the  world  will  be  likely  to  meet  small  success  if  it  has  failed 
to  operate  in  the  minds  of  our  churches  themselves.  Our 
churches  must  be  spiritual  democracies  if  our  states  are  to  be 
political  democracies.  The  more  one  observes  the  world  in 
which  we  actually  live,  the  more  apparent  does  it  seem  that 
the  appeal  of  Jesus  is  not  to  those  without  rights  to  gain 
rights,  but  to  those  with  privileges  to  democratize  their 
privileges.  The  gospel  is  the  good  news  that  it  is  better  to 
give  justice  than  it  is  to  fight  for  rights,  since  God  himself 
justifies  people  freely  and  loves  his  children  as  fathers  love 
their  children.  If  we  want  people  to  listen  to  the  claims  of 
society,  we  must  first  convince  them  of  their  Christian  duty 
to  listen  to  the  claims  of  those  who  have  less  privilege.  We 
must  train  people  in  our  churches,  not  to  a  mere  passive  resist- 
ance to  evil,  which  is  by  no  means  always  an  expression  of  the 
principles  of  love,  but  to  that  active  sacrificial  attitude  of  mind 
which  undertakes  to  share  voluntarily  with  others  blessings 
which  have  been  too  long  monopolized  by  one's  self  or  the 
class  to  which  one  belongs. 

Here  is  the  immense  social  significance  of  the  cross  of 
Jesus  Christ  to  an  evolving  democracy.     Efficiency  through 


66  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

vicarious  sacrifices  is  not  a  popular  doctrine  to  preach,  but  un- 
less the  total  revelation  which  we  have  in  the  New  Testament  is 
untrustworthy,  he  who  would  become  the  disciple  of  Jesus  must 
be  ready  to  take  up  his  cross  and  follow  his  Master.  Demo- 
cracy is  only  a  new  word  for  sacrifice  in  the  interest  of  mutual 
justice.  We  need  to  make  men  feel  that  the  ideals  of  Jesus 
Christ  are  sufficiently  worthy  to  warrant  the  sacrifice  of  any- 
thing lower,  whether  it  be  comfort,  or  wealth,  or  social  priv- 
ilege, or  economic  advantage,  or  life  itself.  It  is  one  of  the 
chief  functions  of  the  church  to  persuade  people  to  practise 
this  democracy  of  the  kingdom  of  God.  The  ordinary  world 
of  business  insists  upon  the  attitude  of  acquisition,  modified  by 
some  regard  for  the  rights  of  others.  The  church  should 
stand  for  the  paramount  obligation  to  recognize  the  rights  of 
others  even  at  the  expense  of  one's  own  privileges. 

The  real  emphasis  of  Christianity,  however,  is  not  upon  the 
obligation  to  sacrifice,  but  upon  the  supreme  worth  of  things 
for  which  Jesus  calls  us  as  members  of  his  brotherhood  to 
sacrifice.  The  gospel  is  not  a  call  to  duties,  but  an  exposition 
of  the  will  of  a  God  who  loves  and  sacrifices  for  his  world. 
Jesus  is  the  Way,  and  if  we  walk  with  him,  we  shall  certainly 
find  the  way  leading  to  victory,  but  with  almost  equal  certainty, 
across  some  Calvary. 

Christianity  will  never  have  its  full  influence  in  the  world 
until  the  church  does  thus  train  its  members  to  distinguish 
between  the  eternal  and  the  transitory  values  of  life  and  to  be 
ready  to  sacrifice  in  the  interests  of  whatever  is  worthy  of 
immortal  souls.  And  after  it  has  taught  men  thus  to  sacrifice, 
it  must  bring  to  them  the  glorious  good  news  that  most  potent 
among  the  supreme  goods  of  life  is  the  love  it  inculcates; 
that  whosoever  loveth  is  born  of  God ;  and  that  whoever  goes 
into  the  world  in  the  spirit  of  love,  undertaking  to  give  justice 
to  his  neighbor  as  well  as  to  follow  righteousness,  is  working 
with  the  will  of  the  infinite  God. 

This  appeal  which  the  future  makes  to  the  church  to  recog- 
nize more  completely  the  possibilities  and  ideals  of  the  eternal, 
personal  life  finds  a  most  immediate  field  of  application  in 
international  relations.  The  church  of  the  past  never  clearly 
taught  principles  of  an  international  morality,  and  in  conse- 
quence we  still  hear  men  saying  that  the  gospel  has  to  do  only 
with  individuals,  and  not  with  the  relations  of  nations.  But 
sooner  or  later  a  gospel  that  will  not  work  among  nations  will 


ADDRESS  OF  PRESIDENT  67 

fail  to  work  among  individuals.  The  supreme  test  to  which 
present  international  relations  is  putting  mankind  is  not  econ- 
omic, terrible  as  that  is,  or  even  vital,  indescribable,  as  is  the 
loss  of  human  life.  It  is  spiritual.  The  most  critical  danger 
which  faces  us  because  of  war  is  that  humanity  shall  lose 
confidence  in  the  spiritual  values  of  the  human  soul,  just 
because  these  values  have  proved  themselves  to  be  disregarded 
by  nations.  For  when  war  enters,  Christian  individualism,  like 
other  phases  of  a  true  democracy,  flees. 

Just  how  our  churches  can  bring  to  bear  upon  national  life 
the  ideals  of  Jesus  is  not  yet  altogether  clear,  but,  after  all, 
that  is  a  matter  of  method  rather  than  of  purpose.  The  thing 
which  we  need  clearly  to  realize  ourselves  and  to  induce  the 
churches  to  induce  humanity  to  realize  is  the  unswerving  con- 
fidence that  Christlike  social-mindedness,  the  superiority  of 
giving  justice  to  fighting  for  alleged  rights,  the  truth  that  by 
the  immutable  will  of  God  human  life  grows  more  personal  by 
growing  more  loving,  are  applicable  to  the  relations  of  nations 
just  as  truly  as  to  the  relations  of  individuals. 

We  must  also  recognize  that  peace  without  justice  is  as 
evil  as  war  without  justice.  Wars  are  no  accidents,  but  are 
the  outgrowth  of  national  practises  and  industrial  conditions 
which  are  susceptible  of  moral  control.  Peace  will  never  be 
lasting  until  it  is  based  on  the  practise  of  peace  in  all  social 
relations.  The  nation  that  fights  is  a  nation  whose  individuals 
and  whose  social  classes  have  not  been  thoroughly  disciplined 
according  to  Christian  ideals.  Good  people  do  not  always 
have  good  sense.  Human  nature  is  so  complex  and  human 
relations  are  so  intricate  that  the  problems  of  internationalism 
must  be  attacked  indirectly  as  well  as  directly.  The  ultimate 
preparedness  for  which  the  church  must  stand  must  be  the 
preparedness  of  souls,  both  individual  and  national,  to  do 
justice,  cost  what  it  may. 

This  call  of  the  future  is  so  exigent  as  easily  to  breed 
despair.  But  to  distrust  our  gospel  is  to  distrust  our  God.  As 
in  the  days  of  the  persecutions,  no  trial  comes  upon  us  greater 
than  that  which  we  can  bear,  if  we  are  only  strengthened  by 
God.  And  is  this  not  after  all  one  of  the  very  essential  ele- 
ments of  our  gospel,  that  whenever  we  dare  face  actual  situa- 
tions and  actual  human  needs,  whenever  we  find  history  shaping 
itself  into  problem.s  to  which  we  can  see  no  answer,  we 
have  always  with  us  the  faith  that  we  have  a  God  as  great  as 


68  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

our  moral  tasks?  Our  human  strength  grows  weak,  but  the 
spirit  of  our  God  is  infinite.  If  we  as  churches  can  make 
ourselves  coworkers  with  him,  realizing  that  God's  own  ulti- 
mate reliance  is  upon  spiritual  rather  than  physical  power,  that 
the  kingdom  of  God  which  he  establishes  is  to  be  a  kingdom 
of  the  spirit,  we  may  with  untiring  effort  face  these  tasks,  not 
in  our  own  strength,  but  in  the  strength  of  him  who  is  mighty 
to  save. 

But  we  must  do  this  together.  Only  as  we  are  one,  Jesus 
teaches  us,  will  men  believe  he  came  from  the  Father.  In 
this  social-mindedness  made  aggressive  because  as  one  great 
Christian  family  we  believe  in  God  and  sacrificial  because  we 
believe  in  Jesus  the  Son  of  God,  lies  the  strongest  defense  of 
the  church  against  the  powers  of  evil  within  the  individual  and 
within  the  world.  For  the  final  apologetic  is  not  in  philosophy 
or  in  science  or  in  ecclesiastical  authority.  It  is  within  the 
gospel  which  unites  all  Christians  and  brings  the  saving  power 
of  God  to  men  through  a  united  church.  The  Federal  Council 
is  outstandingly  and  unequivocally  devoted  to  this  gospel  that 
gives  life  to  all  theologies  and  all  churches.  In  the  unity  of 
spirit  which  it  expresses  is  a  new  efficiency  for  its  constituent 
bodies.  Together  we  defend  our  faith,  together  we  undertake 
to  bring  Christ  to  the  world  and  the  world  to  Christ.  No 
longer  can  the  charge  be  brought  against  Protestantism  that 
its  freedom  promises  divisive  counsels  and  the  weakness  that 
comes  from  internecine  strife.  We  who  dare  to  be  Christians 
in  ways  our  conscience  bids  are  also  united  in  spirit.  Without 
weakening  our  loyalty  to  our  respective  inheritances  from  the 
past,  we  are  rapidly  coming  to  feel  our  common  mission  and 
our  common  cause.  Though  our  politics  differ,  our  policy 
is  Christ's ;  though  our  formulas  are  our  own,  our  lives  are  not 
our  own,  but  his  who  has  redeemed  us  by  his  precious  blood. 
Our  uniforms,  our  banners,  our  watchwords  may  differ,  but 
we  all  serve  the  same  Captain  of  our  salvation.  In  our  com- 
mon service  we  can  to-day  as  never  before  see  the  working 
of  the  Holy  Spirit,  by  whose  guidance  and  inspiration  we  shall 
cooperate  to  bring  in  the  day  when  the  kingdoms  of  the  world 
shall  be  the  kingdoms  of  our  God  and  his  Christ,  and  he  shall 
reign  forever  and  ever. 


yi. 

Report  of  the  Connnittee  of  Fifteen 

Dear  Brethren: 

The  Committee  of  Fifteen,  appointed  to  survey  the! 
work  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  ini 
America  and  to  interpret  in  some  measure  its  present  status,' 
would  report  as  follows: 

The  committee  would  call  attention  to  the  report  of  thel 
committee  of  eleven  presented  to  the  executive  committee' 
of  the  Federal  Council  at  its  session  in  Columbus  in 
December,  1915,  and  for  that  reason  has  not  dealt  in  any 
detail  with  certain  matters  presented  by  the  committee  of, 
eleven.  We  would  recommend  that  the  report  of  the  com-* 
mittee  of  eleven  be  considered  in  connection  with  thCj 
report  of  the  committee  of  fifteen.  i 

The  Federal  Council  endeavors  to  serve  the  cause  of 
Christ  and  to  represent  the  Council's  constituent  churches, 
by  appropriate  utterances  from  time  to  time  which  voice 
the  mind  and  spirit  of  the  churches,  and  by  undertaking' 
activities  dealing  with  the  practical  issues  in  which  the] 
churches  are  enlisted  or  deeply  interested.  It  does  not  deal' 
with  matters  of  doctrine  or  of  polity,  but  it  does  attempt 
to  give  united  emphasis  to  the  testimony  of  the  churches,' 
and  solidarity  and  unity  to  their  common  activities.  | 

During  the  eight  years  of  its  existence,  the  Council  has' 
constantly  expressed,  by  voice  and  action,  the  fundamental 
principles  set  forth  in  its  constitution:  . 

1.  To  express  the  fellowship  and  catholic  unity  of  the 

Christian  church. 

2.  To  bring  the   Christian   bodies  of  America   into 

united  service  for  Christ  and  the  world. 

3.  To   encourage   devotional   fellowship   and   mutual 

counsel  concerning  the  spiritual  life  and  religious 
activities  of  the  churches. 

69 


70  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

4.  To  secure  a  larger  combined  influence  for  the 
churches  of  Christ  in  all  matters  affecting  the 
moral  and  social  condition  of  the  people,  so  as  to 
promote  the  application  of  the  law  of  Christ  in 
every  relation  of  life. 

Acting  thus  in  its  representative  capacity,  the  Council 
has  initiated,  instituted,  and  assisted  many  movements 
which  have  for  their  object  the  bringing  of  the  gospel  of 
Christ  into  its  direct  application  to  human  needs. 

Some  of  the  more  significant  movements,  thus  illustrat- 
ing the  representative  capacity  of  the  Council,  have  been 
the  appointment  of  the  committee  of  one  hundred  and  its 
continuous  religious  work  in  connection  with  the  Panama- 
Pacific  Exposition;  the  institution  and  work  of  the  Ameri- 
can Peace  Centenary  committee;  the  organization  of  the 
World  Alliance  for  Promoting  International  Friendship 
through  the  Churches;  the  present  cooperative  movement 
for  war  relief  among  the  stricken  peoples  of  Europe  and 
Asia,  with  other  recent  and  present  efforts  to  foster  the 
spirit  and  induce  the  practice  of  a  Christian  international- 
ism. At  the  present  moment  the  Council  is  bringing  to- 
gether the  various  denominational  committees  appointed 
for  the  purpose  of  a  common  observance  of  the  quadri- 
centennial  of  the  Protestant  Reformation. 

We  find  that  in  all  these  movements  the  Council  has 
both  kept  within  its  constitutional  provisions  and  has  given 
full  and  effective  expression  to  the  unity  of  evangelical 
Christianity. 

The  Council  has  also  served  as  an  agency  through  which 
other  important  movements  and  causes  have  been  able  to 
secure,  appropriately  and  effectively,  the  attention  and  ser- 
vice of  the  churches. 

The  Council  has  also  issued  from  time  to  time,  in  the 
name  of  the  churches,  calls  for  prayer,  and  for  the  obser- 
vance of  the  week  of  prayer  both  at  the  beginning  of  the 
year  and  for  the  week  preceding  Easter. 

Such  messages  as  have  been  recently  sent  out  for  the 
relief  of  suffering  constitute  a  testimony,  not  only  to  the 
nation,  but  to  the  world,  of  the  unity  and  solidarity  of 
evangelical  Christianity. 

To  such  activities  as  these  is  added  the  specific  work 


REPORT  OF  COMMITTEE  OF  FIFTEEN  71 

of  the  various  commissions  created  by  the  Council  for  the 
purpose  of  dealing,  intensively  and  extensively,  with  such 
vital  subjects  as  evangelism,  social  service,  country  church 
life,  temperance,  Christian  education,  international  good- 
will, and  other  similar  questions,  some  of  them  calling  for 
constant  attention  and  others  arising  from  time  to  time. 

Largely  through  the  commissions,  the  Council  and  its 
constituent  churches  have  been  brought  into  cooperation 
with  many  noble  movements.  Sometimes  the  relationships 
with  these  movements  have  been  official  or  semi-official; 
at  other  times  simply  informal  and  cooperative.  It  is  only 
when  action  has  been  formally  ratified  by  the  executive 
committee  that  the  Council  itself  is  held  responsible.  And 
in  all  these  relations  the  Council  has  approached  the  task 
presented  with  the  principles  of  the  gospel  of  Christ  as 
the  sole  and  sufficient  solution. 

The  closer  relationship  has,  of  course,  been  with  those 
bodies  established  as  distinctively  religious,  such  as,  for  ex- 
ample, the  World  Alliance  for  promoting  International 
Friendship  through  the  Churches,  but  has  also  included 
special  committees,  such  as  those  for  the  relief  of  suffering 
in  Europe  and  Asia. 

It  is,  of  course,  recognized  that  several  great  movements, 
voluntary  in  their  organization  but  having  an  established 
relationship  to  the  churches,  and  others  which  are  officially 
or  semi-ofificially  related  to  boards  and  departments  of  the 
constituent  bodies,  may  determine  their  own  modes  and 
methods  of  cooperation. 

We  recognize  also  the  necessity,  from  time  to  time,  for 
the  organization  of  movements  or  societies  to  deal  with 
new  questions,  but,  on  the  other  hand,  we  would  remind 
the  Council  that  one  of  the  purposes  for  which  it  was 
instituted  by  the  churches  was  to  prevent  unnecessary  or- 
ganization and  duplication  of  work.  We  believe,  therefore, 
that  such  voluntary  Christian  organizations  should,  so  far 
as  possible,  establish  their  cooperation  with  the  Federal 
Council  rather  than  to  duplicate  the  work  undertaken,  or  to 
approach  the  constituent  denominations  or  churches  of  the 
Federal  Council  without  recognizing  the  authorized  chan- 
nel of  approach.  In  other  words:  We  would  urge  that 
such  movements  and  organizations  recognize  the  integrity 
of  the  Council,  and  through  it  establish  their  relationships 


n  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

with  its  evangelical  churches  as  a  coherent  group.  We 
believe  this  the  most  effective  and  economical  method  for 
all  the  interests  involved. 

RELATIONS  WITH  CONSTITUENT  BODIES 

The  experience  of  the  past  four  years  clearly  reveals  the 
importance  of  the  closest  and  most  constant  cooperation 
between  the  Council  and  its  constituent  bodies.  One  seri- 
ous difficulty  is  that  of  securing  adequate  presentation  of 
the  work  of  the  Council  in  the  official  publications  of  the 
constituent  bodies.  We  realize  that  the  denomination  pub- 
lications are  burdened  with  the  presentation  of  their  own 
particular  problems,  and  yet  we  feel  that  some  method 
must  be  found  by  which  the  millions  of  church  members 
who  are  represented  in  the  Council  may  be  kept  acquainted 
with  its  activities.  We  commend,  in  this  interest,  the 
recent  development  of  the  Council's  press  service  and  the 
plans  looking  toward  its  perfection. 

We  urge  that  the  denominational  assemblies  make  the 
fullest  possible  provision  for  receiving  and  considering  the 
annual  and  quadrennial  reports  of  the  Council. 

We  specifically  recommend: 

(1)  That,  at  their  stated  meetings,  the  constituent 
bodies  elect  or  appoint  their  delegates  to  the  Coun- 
cil and  the  members  to  serve  upon  the  executive 
committee  of  the  Council,  for  periods  which  shall 
cover  the  interval  between  the  quadrennial  or 
biennial  meetings  of  the  Council,  as  the  case  may 
be. 

(2)  That,  for  the  purpose  of  intercommunication  be- 
tween the  Council  and  its  constituent  bodies,  the 
stated  meetings  of  these  bodies  receive  reports  of 
their  delegates  to  the  Council  and  give  them  the 
fullest  possible  consideration;  and  that  the  mem- 
bers of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Council  be 
charged  with  reporting  to  its  meetings  the  actions 
of  their  several  bodies  concerning  the  Federal 
Council. 

We  also  suggest  for  consideration  the  advisability  of 
biennial  instead  of  quadrennial  meetings. 


REPOIiT  OF  COMMITTEE  OF  FIFTEEN  73 

We  commend  the  executive  committee,  its  administra- 
tive committee,  and  the  executive  administration  of  the 
Council  for  the  thoughtful  consideration  which  has  been 
constantly  given  to  the  relationships  between  the  Council 
and  its  constituent  bodies,  as  is  evidenced  by  the  careful 
statement  of  principles  prepared  by  a  representative  com- 
mittee and  adopted  at  the  Baltimore  meeting  of  the  execu- 
tive committee,  and  as  further  evidenced  in  the  annual 
reports  of  the  executive  committee  and  the  general  secre- 
tary. 

THE  STANDING  COMMISSIONS 

This  committee  reaffirms  the  statement  of  the  committee 
of  eleven  as  one  which  should  express  the  policy  of  the 
Council  concerning  the  relations  of  the  commissions  to  the 
Council  and  to  each  other.  This  statement  allows  large 
liberty  to  the  commissions  in  dealing  with  their  respective 
tasks,  but  affirms  that  no  authoritative  pronouncements  may 
be  made  by  them  until  sanctioned  by  the  Council  or  its 
executive  committee.  No  specific  solutions  of  the  problems 
before  these  various  commissions  should  be  attempted  with- 
out the  approval  of  the  Council  or  its  executive  committee. 
A  body  like  the  Federal  Council,  which  stands  primarily  for 
the  principle  of  cooperation,  must,  above  all  things,  give 
expression  to  that  principle  in  its  own  internal  affairs. 

We  recommend  that  the  Commissions  on  Evangelism,  the 
Church  and  Social  Service,  Peace  and  Arbitration,  Temper- 
ance, and  the  Church  and  Country  Life  be  continued  under 
the  present  constitutional  provisions.  We  jcxpress  the 
belief,  however,  that  bodies  employing  the  title  of  "Com- 
mission," should '  look  toward  effective  organization  and 
service.  We  recommend,  therefore,  that  the  above-named 
commissions  continue  to  develop  resources  in  order  that 
they  may  fully  meet  their  tasks  and  opportunities. 

We  recommend  that  the  name  of  the  Commission  on 
Peace  and  Arbitration  be  changed  to  "Commission  on  Inter- 
national Justice  and  Good-will,"  or  to  some  similar  title 
which  shall  more  fully  express  its  purpose. 

We  recommend  that  the  Commission  on  Christian  Edu- 
cation be  continued  under  its  present  constitutional  pro- 
visions, but  that  this  commission  should  seek  its  develop- 
ment  primarily   by   furthering   cooperative    relationships 


74  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

between  the  various  movements  and  organizations  which 
represent  the  evangelical  churches  in  the  realm  of  religious 
education,  such  as  the  Sunday  School  Council  of  Evan- 
gelical Denominations,  the  Council  of  Church  Boards  of 
Education,  the  International  Sunday  School  Lesson  Com- 
mittee, and  other  similar  interchurch  organizations,  and 
by  placing  its  organization  and  facilities  at  the  service  of 
these  bodies.  We  confidently  express  the  belief  that, 
while  continuing  to  recognize  specific  tasks  in  Christian 
education,  the  evangelical  churches  should  have  one  com- 
bined Council  on  Christian  Education.  We,  therefore,  urge 
that  this  commission  invite  the  fullest  cooperation  in  this 
endeavor. 

We  recommend  that  the  Commission  on  Federated 
Movements  and  the  Commission  on  State  and  Local  Fed- 
erations be  united  under  the  name,  "Commission  on  Feder- 
ated Movements." 

We  recommend  that  the  action  of  the  Commission  on 
Home  Missions  relative  to  the  Home  Missions  Council  be 
approved. 

We  recommend  that  the  Commissions  on  Home  Mis- 
sions and  Foreign  Missions  be  discontinued  under  their 
present  constitutional  provisions,  and  that  committees,  not 
to  number  more  than  fifteen  members  each,  be  appointed 
to  establish  such  relationships  as  may  be  made  between  the 
Home  Missions  Council  and  the  Conference  of  Foreign 
Missions  Boards  of  North  America. 

We  recommend  that  the  above-constituted  committee 
on  Home  Missions  enter  into  conference  with  the  Home 
Missions  Council,  now  a  cooperating  body  with  the  Federal 
Council,  to  consider  the  question  of  so  adjusting  the  ad- 
ministration of  the  Home  Missions  Council,  and  so  strength- 
ening the  cooperative  relationship  between  the  two  bodies, 
as  to  more  fully  meet  the  needs  of  the  churches  in  the 
field  of  home  missions. 

We  recommend  that  the  above-constituted  committee 
on  Foreign  Missions  be  instructed  to  confer  with  the  Con- 
ference of  Foreign  Mission  Boards  through  its  committee 
of  Reference  and  Counsel,  and  that  this  committee  be  em- 
powered to  establish  such  relationship  with  that  conference 
as  may  serve  the  largest  interests  involved.     We  recom- 


REPORT  OF  COMMITTEE  OF  FIFTEEN  75 

mend  that  the  Conference  of  Foreign  Mission  Boards  be 
invited  to  present,  annually  and  biennially  or  quadrennially, 
reports  to  the  Federal  Council  such  as  have  been  previously 
presented  by  the  Commission  on  Foreign  Missions. 

We  recommend  that,  inasmuch  as  the  Commissions  on 
Family  Life  and  Sunday  Observance  are  for  the  purpose 
of  survey  and  report  rather  than  as  commissions  to  be  set 
up  with  administrative  machinery,  these  commissions  be 
not  continued  under  the  present  constitutional  provisions. 
We  recommend  that  in  their  place,  these  interests  be  cared 
for  either  by  a  committee  on  Family  Life  and  Religious 
Rest  Day,  or  by  two  such  committees,  one  on  Family  Life 
and  the  other  on  Sunday  Observance,  to  present  annual, 
biennial,  or  quadrennial  reports  upon  these  important  ques- 
tions. 

We  recommend  that  the  Council  approve  the  appoint- 
ment of  the  special  committee  on  the  Interests  of  the 
Colored  Churches. 

It  will  be  noted  that  your  committee  expresses  the  view 
that  no  commissions  under  that  name  should  be  appointed 
for  any  tasks  except  as  such  commissions  may  be  organ- 
ized and  supported  for  effective  service. 

We  would  emphasize  the  cooperative  function  of  the 
commissions.  They  should  facilitate  the  most  helpful  co- 
operative relationship  among  the  various  boards  or  organi- 
zations of  the  constituent  bodies  in  the  particular  task 
committed  to  them.  In  this  connection  we  especially  com- 
mend the  effective  way  in  which,  through  the  Commission 
on  the  Church  and  Social  Service,  the  denominational  social 
service  secretaries  have  been  brought  to  do  their  work  in 
cooperation  and  unity,  all  serving  as  associate  secretaries  of 
the  Federal  Council  Commission  on  the  Church  and  Social 
Service. 

We  also  emphasize  the  importance  of  the  task  of  the 
Commission  on  Federated  Movements,  both  in  the  local 
field  and  in  its  desire  to  further  in  any  way  in  its  power, 
the  work  of  those  official,  semi-official  or  voluntary  move- 
ments which  are  recognized  by  the  evangelical  churches, 
especially  in  the  direction  of  cooperation. 

We  recommend  that  the  Council  express  its  approval  of 
the  appointment  of  such  commissions  as  that  on  Relations 


76  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

with  Japan  for  the  purpose  of  considering  such  particular 
questions  as  arise,  from  the  Christian  point  of  view. 

INTERNATIONAL  RELATIONS 

In  the  field  of  international  relations,  the  Council  has 
appropriately  and  necessarily  sought  to  express  the  spirit 
of  the  churches  in  voicing  the  great  principles  of  Christi- 
anity in  their  application  to  the  spiritual  relations  between 
races  and  nations.  The  administrative  committee  has,  we 
believe,  with  great  wisdom,  proceeded  constantly  with  a 
view  to  sustained  recognition  of  the  duty  of  Christian 
people  to  preserve  the  mind  of  good-will,  to  think  no  evil, 
to  love  mercy,  and  to  hold  fast  the  spirit  of  human  brother- 
hood. 

The  general  secretary,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the  administrative  committee,  made  an  unofficial  visit  to 
Europe,  of  signal  importance,  which  he  has  reported  to  the 
administrative  committee,  and  in  which  he  sought  to  secure 
for  the  American  churches  such  information  and  counsel 
as  might  be  obtained  from  the  Christian  brethren  in  Europe, 
regarding  the  sympathy  and  service  which  the  churches  of 
the  Federal  Council  might  be  welcomed  in  expressing  and 
extending,  both  now  and  at  the  close  of  the  war. 

The  administration  of  the  Council  has  also  effectively 
and  wisely  used  its  influence  and  expended  its  forces,  with 
great  earnestness,  in  the  work  of  awakening  and  extending 
the  spirit  of  compassion  and  helpfulness  in  the  task  of  war 
relief. 

All  these  activities  were  such  as  the  churches  of  America 
.  would  not  be  content  to  leave  unperformed  in  such  a  crisis, 
and  it  is  clear  that  the  Federal  Council  fulfils  its  function 
with  fidelity  in  acting  in  such  matters  as  the  mouthpiece 
and  agency  of  the  churches  which  compose  it.  We  recog- 
nize the  clear  duty  of  the  Council  to  express  the  common 
mind  of  our  churches  on  the  broad  questions  of  world 
peace  and  friendship.  We  cannot  commend  too  highly 
the  spirit  and  manner  in  which  President  Shailer  Mathews 
and  Secretary  Sidney  L.  Gulick  carried  out  their  delicate 
mission  to  Japan.  This  Christian  embassy  to  Japan  intro- 
duced a  new  method  in  the  international  relations  of  the 
Council,  and  we  rejoice  that  the  executive  committee  has 


REPORT  OF  COMMITTEE  OF  FIFTEEN  77 

been  able  to  retain  Dr.  Gulick  for  a  large  educative  move- 
ment under  the  direction  of  the  Commission  on  Peace  and 
Arbitration.  The  Christian  view  of  race  feeling  and  race 
relationship  is  the  only  view  on  which  international  order 
and  tranquility  can  be  secured  and  maintained. 

We  call  the  attention  of  the  delegates  to  the  important 
work  of  the  Council,  acting  representatively  in  furthering 
such  movements  as  the  International  Church  Peace  Con- 
ference at  Constance,  the  development  of  the  World  Alli- 
ance, in  the  offer  made  to  the  Christian  brethren  of  all  the 
countries  of  Europe  to  receive  and  duly  accredit  their  dele- 
gates, which  offer  has  been  accepted,  up  to  the  present 
time,  by  the  Rev.  Henri  Anet  and  the  Rev.  Stuart  L. 
Roussel  from  the  Belgian  and  French  churches.  We  com- 
mend the  personal  efforts  of  Dr.  Macfarland  in  securing 
substantial  financial  assistance  for  the  stricken  churches  in 
Europe. 

ADMINISTRATION  OF  THE  NATIONAL  OFFICE 

These  large  and  rapidly  expanding  activities,  some  of 
which  we  have  noted,  have  been  conducted  with  great 
efficiency  at  a  minimum  of  expense.  In  fact,  the  expense 
to  the  constituent  bodies  has  been  exceedingly  small.  The 
receipts  from  this  source  have  been  about  $ii,ooo  annually, 
while  the  activities  of  the  Council,  including  all  its  de- 
partments and  commissions  and  special  movements,  have 
required  for  the  year  1916  a  budget  of  over  $125,000. 
Through  the  efforts  of  Dr.  Macfarland  and  the  administra- 
tive committee,  each  year  has  been  closed  free  from  debt, 
although  the  quadrennium  began  with  a  deficit  of  consider- 
able magnitude.  The  treasurer,  Alfred  R.  Kimball,  has, 
without  salary,  handled  and  satisfactorily  accounted  for 
these  large  expenditures  at  the  small  clerical  expense  of 
about  $500  a  year  for  the  entire  handling  of  his  department. 
We  regard  this  as  remarkable  in  the  history  of  administra- 
tion. 

The  expansion  of  this  work  may  be  concretely  indicated 
in  the  increased  facilities  and  equipment  of  the  national 
offices  in  New  York  as  compared  with  those  of  four  years 
ago.  Two  office  rooms  were  then  occupied,  whereas  the 
activities  now  demand,  including  the  offices  in  Washington 


78  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

and   elsewhere,  between   twenty-five  and  thirty   different 
office  rooms. 

Dr.  Macfarland  has  been  happily  enabled  to  bring  into 
cooperation  with  him  men  conspicuously  qualified  for  their 
special  tasks.  We  have  already  referred  to  Dr.  Gulick, 
recognized  as  a  leading  missionary  statesman.  Dr.  Guild, 
executive  secretary  of  the  Commission  on  Federated  Move- 
ments, brings,  through  his  past  experience  and  his  im- 
mediate activities,  unique  fitness  for  his  work.  Secretary 
Whitmore  is  a  recognized  leader  among  boys,  college  men 
and  young  people.  Secretary  Stelzle  has  a  personal  know- 
ledge of  labor  and  social  conditions,  which  has  given  him 
an  outstanding  position  and  which  has  prepared  him  for 
some  of  the  most  important  tasks  of  the  Council.  Secretary 
Gill  has  conducted  surveys  of  the  country  church  problem 
which  have  commanded  nation-wide  attention.  We  are 
gratified  that  the  administrative  committee  has  secured 
Rev.  E.  W.  Rankin  as  assistant  secretary,  in  order  that  the 
administrative  duties  may  be  so  divided  as  to  permit  Dr. 
Macfarland  to  respond  more  fully  to  the  wide  demands  of 
the  Council's  constituency.  In  addition  to  the  service  of 
these  executives,  great  success  has  been  made  manifest  in 
bringing  into  the  work  of  the  Council  voluntary  workers, 
both  widely-known  laymen  and  special  voluntary  workers 
such  as  those  who  serve  the  secretaryships  of  the  various 
other  committees  and  commissions,  men  who  are  enabled 
to  perform  these  important  tasks  in  addition  to  their 
primary  denominational  duties. 

We  believe  that  the  establishment  and  activities  of 
the  office  at  Washington,  D.  C.  have  demonstrated  the 
wisdom  and  the  necessity  for  having  an  office  and  a  repre- 
sentative at  the  national  capital  for  the  work  of  the 
churches.  Dr.  Carroll  has  rendered  important  service  in 
securing  remarkable  increase  in  the  number  of  chaplains 
in  the  navy,  and  their  more  effective  service.  Your  com- 
mittee is  of  the  opinion  that  the  time  has  come  to  develop 
this  office  to  its  fullest  legitimate  capacity,  situated  as  it  is 
at  the  civic  center  of  our  nation's  life. 

We  note  the  large  output  of  literature,  including  several 
very  important  volumes,  and  the  development  of  the  pub- 
lication and  printing  department  in  the  national  offices, 
which  have  not  only  rendered  the  work  of  the  Council 


REPORT  OF  COMMITTEE  OF  FIFTEEN  79 

efficient,  but  have  constituted  a  considerable  source  of  in- 
come. The  literature  issued  might  seem  excessive,  were 
it  not  for  the  fact  that  v^e  are  developing  in  the  Council 
a  new  religious  movement,  with  many  phases,  of  which  our 
constituency  has  known  little,  thus  requiring  much  informa- 
tional material  in  detail. 

We  have  already  referred  to  the  importance  of  bringing 
the  existence  and  work  of  the  Council  to  the  fullest  con- 
sciousness of  the  people,  and  therefore  we  commend  for 
serious  attention  the  proposals  looking  toward  the  establish- 
ment of  a  Bureau  of  Religious  Publicity. 

In  conclusion,  we  would  urge  upon  the  constituent 
bodies  the  fact  that  this  great  Council,  so  potent  for  good, 
is  of  their  own  creation.  They  have  instituted  it  in  order 
that  they  might  have  one  comprehensive  body  which  would 
represent  them  and  give  attention  to  their  interests  in  all 
these  matters.  It  would  seem  needless,  therefore,  to  urge 
that  these  bodies  should  not  duplicate  the  work  of  the 
Council  and  its  commissions,  but  should  refer  to  the  Council 
such  matters  as  are  common  to  them  all,  for  the  purpose 
of  dealing  with  which  the  Council  was  created. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Frank  M.  Thomas,  Chairman 

John  Baltzer  John  R.  Mott 

James  L.  Barton  Frank  Mason  North 

W.  C.  Bitting  William  H.  Scott 

A.  J.  C.  Bond  Robert  E.  Speer 

George  Warren  Brown  U.  F.  Swengel 

Edwin  Heyl  Delk  Ethelbert  Talbot 

A.  A.  Hyde  Graham  Taylor 

F.  D.  Kershner  James  I.  Vance 

B.  F.  Lee  Luther  B.  Wilson 

G.  M.  Mathews 

William  Crowe,  Recording  Secretary 


vn. 

Eeport  of  the  Executive  Committee 

Dear  Brethren  : 

We  submit  herewith  the  report  of  your  Executive  Com- 
mittee for  the  second  quadrennium  of  the  organized  life  of 
this  Federal  Council. 

The  three  years  following  the  Interchurch  Conference  on 
Federation,  held  in  Carnegie  Hall,  New  York  City,  November 
15-21,  1905,  at  which  time  and  place  the  Council  by  accredited 
delegates  from  thirty-two  communions  was  formally  initiated, 
were  the  period  of  preparation  in  which,  by  the  concurrent 
action  of  the  several  constituent  bodies,  and  the  patient  and 
often  unrecorded  service  of  the  men  concerned  in  the  move- 
ment, this  officially  constituted,  permanent  federation  of  in- 
dependent church  communions,  the  first  in  the  history  of  the 
Christian  church,  was  established.  The  consummation  of  the 
processes  in  this  formative  triennium  appeared  in  the  first 
formal  meeting  of  the  Federal  Council  in  Philadelphia, 
December  2-8,  1908,  to  which  the  provisional  Executive  Com- 
mittee presented  a  full  and  illuminating  report.  Four  years 
followed, — a  quadrennium  of  courage  and  patience  in  experi- 
mentation, of  mutual  adjustment  in  both  ideals  and  methods. 
The  ship,  so  smoothly  launched,  was  now  tested  by  the  pull  of 
deep  currents,  by  the  sweep  of  surface  storms,  by  the  con- 
tacts, it  may  be,  of  a  ship's  company  until  then  unfamiliar 
with  one  another's  ways.  But  moving  steadily  onward,  "the 
ship  found  herself,"  in  Kipling's  phrase,  lost  none  of  her  crew 
and  jettisoned  no  part  of  her  cargo — a  masterful  achievement 
for  such  a  ship  in  such  a  sea.  The  log  of  the  voyage  is  in 
the  report  of  the  Executive  Committee  to  the  Federal  Council 
at  its  meeting  in  Chicago,  December,  1912. 

The  present  meeting  of  the  Council  marks  the  end  of  the 
eleventh  year  of  the  formal  enterprise,  the  eighth  of  the  official 
organization.  Your  Executive  Committee  brings  to  you  in 
this  report  the  chronicle  of  those  activities  which  the  re- 
sponsibility and  authority  given  to  it  four  years  ago  seemed 
to  warrant  and  to  require.  Herein  is  the  record.  In  the  report 
of  the  committee  of  fifteen,  of  the  general  secretary,  and  of  the 
commissions,  you  will  find  the  interpretation. 

90 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  81 

The  Eeport  of  the  Executive  Coimnittee 
MEETINGS 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  was  held 
immediately  following  the  close  of  the  second  quadrennial 
meeting  at  Chicago  on  December  9,  1912. 

Rev.  Frank  Mason  North  was  elected  chairman;  Rev. 
Howard  B.  Grose,  vice-chairman;  Rev.  Rivington  D.  Lord, 
recording  secretary. 

On  motion  of  former  President  Bishop  E.  R.  Hendrix,  Rev. 
Charles  S.  Macfarland  was  elected  secretary  of  the  Council. 

A  second  meeting  was  held  on  Tuesday,  December  10,  at 
Chicago,  at  which  the  more  important  action  taken  was  as 
follows : 

Voted,  That  the  administrative  committee  may  have  power  to 
add  to  its  number  others  outside  of  the  members  of  the  Executive 
Committee  not  to  exceed  one  fourth  of  its  membership. 

The  following  annual  and  special  meetings  of  the  committee 
have  been  since  held: 

New   York  City  —  January  13,  1913 

New  York  City  —  June  19,  1913 

New  York  City  —  September  18,  1913 
Baltimore,  Md.  —  December  3-  5,  1913 
Richmond,  Va.  —  December  9-11,  1914 
Columbus,  O.  —  December  8-10,  1915 
New  York  City  —  April  19,  1916 

INITIAL  MEETING 

A  largely  attended  meeting,  at  which  President  Mathews 
was  present,  was  held  in  New  York,  January  13,  191 3,  at 
which  the  various  procedures  ordered  by  the  quadrennial 
Council  of  1912  and  the  general  administration  were  provided 
for,  including  the  following  actions: 

Voted,  To  refer  a  suggestion  of  President  Mathews  as  to 
questions  of  policy  and  efficiency  of  the  Council  to  the  admin- 
istrative committee,  and  that  the  administrative  committee 
make  a  report  to  the  next  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee. 

Voted,  That  the  secretary  send  a  communication  to  the 
members  of  the  Executive  Committee  requesting  a  free  ex* 


82  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

pression  of  opinion  as  to  the  immediate  program  and  work  of 
the  Federal  Council. 

The  administrative  committee  reported  the  following 
resolution : 

Whereas,  The  Council  adopted  the  following  resolution: 

Resolved,  First,  that  the  Federal  Council  endorse  the  proposition 
for  the  establishment  of  a  central  office  of  the  Council  at  Washington, 
D.  C,  to  be  under  the  administrative  supervision  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee. 

Second,  that  the  Executive  Committee  is  directed  to  establish  such 
an  office  as  early  as  is  feasible,  to  be  in  charge  of  an  efficient  secretary 
chosen  by  the  Executive  Committee,  which  committee  is  given  power 
to  provide  for  the  operation  of  the  office  and  its  proper  equipment. 

Therefore,  The  administrative  committee  recommends  the  follow- 
ing resolution: 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  to  join  with  a 
similar  committee  to  be  appointed  by  the  Home  Missions  Council 
in  the  selection  of  a  secretary  who  should  serve  both  Councils  as  a 
representative  at  the  national  capital,  this  committee  to  report  to  the 
executive  committee  of  the  Home  Missions  Council  and  to  the  ad- 
ministrative committee  of  this  Executive  Committee  for  confirmation, 
these  committees  to  have  power  to  arrange  all  the  details  connected 
with  such  an  office,  including  the  apportionment  of  the  necessary 
budget.  In  the  case  of  the  failure  of  this  joint  committee  to  agree, 
the  whole  matter  shall  be  referred  to  the  administrative  committee. 

The  following  were  nominated  as  members  of  the  admin- 
istrative committee: 

Rev.  E.  Heyl  Delk  Rev.  Howard  B.  Grose 

Louis  H.  Severance  Rev.  Rufus  W.  Miller 

J.  Edgar  Leaycraft  E.  E.  Olcott 

Voted,  To  approve  the  same  and  that  they  be  entered  upon 
the  record. 

Dr.  Carroll  presented  a  request  that  a  committee  be  ap- 
pointed to  cooperate  in  observing  the  one  hundredth  anni- 
versary of  the  signing  of  the  Treaty  of  Ghent,  with  the  national 
committee  appointed  in  1910. 

The  following  resolution  was  adopted: 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  nine  persons  be  appointed  to 
nominate  a  committee  of   fifty  or  more  to   represent   the   religious 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  83 

bodies  connected  with  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ 
in  America,  to  cooperate  with  the  national  committee  for  the  cele- 
bration of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  signing  of  the  Treaty 
of  Ghent.  The  committee  shall  present  its  nominations  to  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  of  the  national  committee  for  its  adoption. 

Dr.  Haven  presented  the  following  report  for  the  com- 
mittee on  the  Panama  Exposition. 

The  special  committee  appointed  by  the  administrative  committee 
held  conference  with  Secretaries  Shipp  and  Whitmore  of  the  religious 
work  department  of  the  International  Committee  of  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Associations,  relative  to  cooperative  work  in  connection  with 
the  Panama  Exposition. 

Your  committee  learn  that  while  the  matter  had  been  under 
some  consideration  by  the  International  Committee  of  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Associations,  no  definite  action  had  been  taken. 

Indeed,  so  far  as  can  be  learned,  no  such  action  has  been  taken 
by  any  organization  or  movement. 

By  common  consent  of  the  conference  above  referred  to,  the 
secretary  has  sent  out  the  following  letter  of  inquiry: 

"The  quadrennial  session  of  the  Federal  Council  at  Chicago 
received  and  referred  to  the  Executive  Committee  several  memorials 
from  the  Pacific  Coast  relative  to  religious  work  in  connection  with 
the  Panama  Exposition  in  1915. 

"A  committee  consisting  of  Rev.  Frank  Mason  North,  Rev.  William 
I.  Haven,  and  the  secretary,  has  been  appointed  by  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Federal  Council  to  approach  the  following  organi- 
zations and  movements  and  any  others  that  should  appropriately 
be  included,  with  regard  to  this  matter : 

The  International  Committee  of  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tions 

The  National  Board  of  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Associations 

The  Foreign  Mission  Boards 

The  Home  Missions  Council 

The  Missionary  Education  Movement 

The  American  Tract  Society 

The  American  Bible   Society 

The  Laymen's  Missionary  Movement 

The  International    Sunday    School    Association 

The  Sunday  School   Council  of  Evangelical  Churches 

*T  write  on  behalf   of  this  committee  to  ask  if  you  would  be 

willing  to  send  representatives  of  the ,  to 

any  number  that  you  may  choose,  to  a  preliminary  conference  to  be 


84  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

held  on  Wednesday,  January  29,  at  2  P.  M.,  at  the  building  of  the 

International  Committee,  124  East  28th  St.,  New  York,  to  take  counsel 
as  to  whether  or  not  it  may  be  advisable  to  undertake  some  common 
or  cooperative  movement  in  connection  with  the  Exposition." 

This  letter  has  been  sent  to  the  secretaries  of  the  following 
organizations : 

The  International  Committee  of  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tions 
The  National  Board  of  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Associations 
The  Foreign  Mission  Boards 
The  Home  Missions  Council 
The  Missionary  Education  Movement 
The  American  Tract  Society 
The  American  Bible  Society 
The  Laymen's  Misisonary  Movement 
The  International  Sunday  School  Association 
The  Sunday  School  Council  of  Evangelical  Churches 

(Signed)     Charles  S.  Macfarland 
Frank  Mason  North 
William  I.  Haven 

Committee 

Voted,  That  the  committee  be  continued  and  the  subject  be 
referred  back  to  the  administrative  committee. 

Dr.  Lawson  submitted  a  report  of  the  special  committee 
on  Chaplains  in  the  United  States  Navy,  which  after  discus- 
sion, was  recommitted  to  the  same  committee,  consisting  of 
Dr.  Macfarland  and  Dr.  Lawson.  As  this  report  did  not 
consider  chaplains  in  the  United  States  Army,  it  was 

Voted,  That  the  matter  of  chaplains  in  the  United  States 
Army  be  referred  to  the  committee  on  Chaplains  in  the 
United  States  Navy. 

Voted,  That  the  report  be  adopted  and  a  special  committee 
consisting  of  the  chairman,  the  secretary,  Bishop  Cranston, 
and  Rev.  Wallace  Radcliffe  be  appointed  to  present  the  pro- 
posed memorials. 

Bishop  Wilson  offered  the  following  recommendation, 
which  was  adopted: 

That  the  administrative  committee  be  authorized  to  extend  to  the 
President-elect  the  felicitations  of  the  Federal  Council  with  the  as- 
surance of  its  prayers  for  him  and  the  welfare  of  the  nation  over 
which  he  has  been  called  to  preside. 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  85 

Voted,  That  this  communication  be  sent  to  President-elect 
Woodrow  Wilson. 

Voted,  That  we  express  our  sympathy  to  the  Salvation 
Army  in  the  loss  of  their  leader,  General  Booth,  and  an  ap- 
preciation of  his  great  work. 

SUBSEQUENT  MEETINGS 

The   reports  of  the  regular  annual  meetings  have  been 
printed  in  full,  and  are  submitted,  accompanying  this  digest. 
It  is  gratifying  to  note  the  large  attendance  at  these  meet- 
ings, both  of  the  regular  members  of  the  Executive  Committee 
and  of  the  corresponding  members  as  follows: 
Baltimore,  December,  1913 — 

Members    55 

Corresponding    Members    40 

Executives    5 

Richmond,  December,  1914 — 

Members    51 

Corresponding  Members   72 

Executives    13 

Columbus,  December,  1915 — 

Members    67 

Corresponding    Members    103 

Executives    13 

At  the  1914  meeting,  in  Richmond,  an  address  at  a  large 
public  meeting  was  made  by  Hon.  William  Jennings  Bryan, 
Secretary  of  State,  and  at  the  191 5  meeting  at  Columbus  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  Woodrow  Wilson,  addressed 
the  public  meeting.  At  Richmond  the  committee  was  also 
addressed  by  Samuel  Gompers,  president  of  the  American 
Federation  of  Labor. 

At  the  annual  meetings  of  the  committee  full  reports  have 
been  received  from  the  various  standing  commissions  and  from 
such  special  committees  as  the  committee  on  Social  Instruction 
in  the  Theological  Seminaries,  the  committee  on  the  Interests 
of  the  Colored  Churches,  the  committee  of  one  hundred  for 
Religious  Activities  at  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposition,  the 
American  Peace  Centenary  Committee,  the  delegates  to  the 
Church  Peace  Conference  in  Constance  and  similar  committees. 
Reports  have  also  been  received  from  the  Home  Missions 
Council.  These  reports  have  been  considered  and  their  specific 
recommendations  made  subject  for  approval. 


86 


THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 


The  following  resolution,  prepared  by  order  of  the 
Executive  Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December, 
191 5,  was  presented  and  adopted: 

The  Executive  Committee  of  the  Federal  Council,  as  these  sessions 
at  Columbus,  Ohio,  draw  to  a  close,  place  on  record  their  appreciation, 
first  of  all,  of  the  presence  with  the  Executive  Committee  of  Woodrow 
Wilson,  the  President  of  the  United  States.  We  tender  to  him  hearty 
thanks  that  amid  the  multitudinous  cares  of  the  state  he  has  taken 
opportunity  thus  to  express  his  deep  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the 
Christian  churches  of  our  country.  The  guidance  and  blessing  of 
God  are  invoked  for  him  in  his  most  responsible  position  as  chief 
magistrate. 


THE  ADMINISTRATIVE  COMMITTEE 

The   administrative   committee   has    included   during   the 
Ouadrennium  the  following  members : 


Members 


John  M.  Glenn 
Rev.  Howard  B.  Grose 
Rev.  William  I.  Haven 
Rev.  Finis  S.  Idleman 
Alfred  R.  Kimball 
Rev.  Albert  G.  Lawson 
J.  Edgar  Leaycraft 
Rev.  Hubert  C.  Herring 


Rev.  Rivington  D.  Lord 

Professor  Shailer  Mathews 

Rev.  Rufus  W.  Miller 

John  R.  Mott 

Rev.  Frank  Mason  North 

E.  E.  Olcott 

Rev.  William  H.  Roberts 

Bishop  Alexander  Walters 


Advisory  Members 


Rev.  Peter  Ainslie 
Rev.  Alfred  W.  Anthony 
Rev.  James  L.  Barton 
Rev.  W.  E.  Biederwolf 
Rev.  Arthur  J.  Brown 
Rev.  Henry  K.  Carroll 
William  T.  Demarest 
Rev.  George  P.  Eckman 
Rev.  Charles  O.  Gill 
William  Henry  Grant 
Rev.  Roy  B.  Guild 
Rev.  Sidney  L.  Gulick 
Rev.  Worth  M.  Tippy 
At  the  present  time  it  is 


Rev.  Hubert  C  Herring 
Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland 
Rev.  Henry  H.  Meyer 
Gifford  Pinchot 
Rev.  J.  B.  Remensnyder 
Rev.  Charles  Scanlon 
Fred  B.  Smith 
Robert  E.  Speer 
Rev.  Charles  Stelzle 
Rev.  Josiah  Strong 
Rev.  Charles  L.  Thompson 
Professor  W.  F.  Tillett 
James  A.  Whitmore 
constituted  as  follows: 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 


87 


Members 


John  M.  Glenn 
Rev.  Howard  B.  Grose 
Rev.  William  I.  Haven 
Rev.  Finis  S.  Idleman 
Alfred  R.  Kimball 
Rev.  Albert  G.  Lawson 
Rev.  Rivington  D.  Lord 


Professor  Shailer  Mathews 

Rev.  Rufus  W.  Miller 

John  R.  Mott 

Rev.  Frank  Mason  North 

E.  E.  Olcott 

Rev.  William  H.  Roberts 

Bishop  Alexander  Walters 


Advisory  Members 


Rev.  Peter  Ainslie 

Rev.  Alfred  Williams  Anthony 

Rev.  James  L.  Barton 

Rev.  W.  E.  Biederwolf 

Rev.  Henry  K.  Carroll 

William  T.  Demarest 

Rev.  George  P.  Eckman 

Rev.  Charles  O.  Gill 

William  Henry  Grant 

Rev.  Roy  B.  Guild 

Rev.  Sidney  L.  Gulick 

Rev.  Hubert  C.  Herring 

Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland 


Rev.  Henry  H.  Meyer 
Gifford  Pinchot 
Rev.  E.  W.  Rankin 
Rev.  J.  B.  Remensnyder 
Rev.  Charles  Scanlon 
Fred  B.  Smith 
Robert  E.  Speer 
Rev.  Charles  Stelzle 
Rev.  Josiah  Strong 
Rev.  Charles  L.  Thompson 
Professor  W.  F.  Tillett 
Rev.  Worth  M.  Tippy 
James  A.  Whitmore 


DEATH  OF  MEMBERS  AND  FRIENDS 

At  the  meeting  in  Baltimore,  December,  1913,  Dr.  Roberts 
presented  the  following  report  of  the  special  committee  on  the 
late  Louis  H.  Severance,  a  member  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, which  was  adopted  by  a  rising  vote : 

The  Executive  Committee  places  on  record  its  deep  sense  of  loss 
in  the  death  of  Mr.  Louis  H.  Severance,  a  representative  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  in  the  U.  S.  A.  Mr.  Severance  was  a  member 
of  the  conference  on  Interchurch  Federation,  New  York  City,  1905, 
which  organized  the  Federal  Council;  and  also  of  the  First  Federal 
Council,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1908.  His  service  on  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee covered  the  years  of  its  existence  to  the  date  of  his  departure 
from  earth.  His  interest  in  every  movement  for  the  closer  relations 
of  the  churches  of  Christ  in  America  was  always  notable  and  was 
sustained  by  personal  service  as  well  as  by  financial  support.  We 
rejoice  in  the  general  appreciation  of  his  life  and  work,  not  only  in 
his  own  denomination,  but  also  in  other  churches,  and  acknowledge 
with   heartfelt   gratitude   his   earnest   and   unfailing   service   to   the 


88  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Federal   Council   and   its   agencies.     His   career   merits    the   plaudit 
"Servant  of  God,  well  done." 

The  following  action  was  taken  by  the  administrative  com- 
mittee at  its  meeting  on  June  8,  1916: 

Voted,  That  the  following  appreciation  of  Rev.  Josiah  Strong 
should  be  spread  upon  the  minutes: 

Josiah  Strong  was  an  initiator  and  an  inspirer  of  those 
earlier  influences  and  movements  which  prepared  the  way  for 
the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America, 
and  more  especially  of  those  great  social  objectives,  tasks,  and 
opportunities  which  have  drawn  the  churches  together  in 
federation  and  coooperation. 

His  earlier  vision  and  his  witness  to  it  are  now  fulfilled  in 
practical  progress. 

During  the  past  quadrennium.  Dr.  Strong  has  continued 
to  shed  light  and  to  give  inspiration,  counsel,  and  advice  as  the 
chairman  of  the  Federal  Council  Commission  on  the  Church 
and  Social  Service. 

The  administration  of  the  Federal  Council  and  a  multi- 
tude of  the  members  of  its  thirty  constituent  bodies  share  with 
deep  sorrow  the  sense  of  his  loss,  while  they  render  grateful 
tribute  to  his  long,  faithful  and  successful  service,  and  give 
thanks  to  the  Heavenly  Father  for  his  unmeasured  and  im- 
measurable service  to  the  churches  of  Christ  in  America. 

The  following  action  was  taken  by  the  administrative  com- 
mittee at  its  meeting  on  September  14,  1916: 

It  was 

Voted,  That  Dr.  Lawson  be  requested  to  send  a  suitable  com- 
munication to  the  family  of  the  late  J.  Edgar  Leaycraft,  a  member 
of  the  Committee. 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  January  7,  191 5,  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  191 5: 

Secretary  Macfarland  spoke  of  the  death  of  Miss  Grace  H.  Dodge, 
who  has  been  a  loyal  friend  of  and  generous  contributor  to  the  work 
of  the  Council  for  many  years. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  general  secretary  prepare  a  suitable  minute  to 
spread  upon  the  records  and  that  a  copy  of  the  same  be  sent  to  Mr. 
Qeveland  H.  Dodge. 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  89 

ADMINISTRATION 

It  will  be  noted  that  the  administrative  committee  has,  with 
the  consent  and  approval  of  the  Executive  Committee,  asso- 
ciated with  it  as  advisory  members  the  chairmen  and  executive 
secretaries  of  the  various  commissions,  the  chairman  and  sec- 
retary of  the  Home  Missions  Council,  and  the  chairman  and 
secretary  of  the  committee  of  reference  and  counsel  of  Foreign 
Mission  Boards  of  North  America. 

The  administrative  committee  h  held  regular  monthly 
and  several  special  meetings  throughout  the  entire  quadren- 
nium,  and  has  called  special  meetings  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee whenever  matters  of  especially  vital  importance  have 
needed  consideration. 

During  the  latter  part  of  1914  and  the  earlier  part  of  191 5, 
Dr.  North,  chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee,  and  Dr. 
Haven,  chairman  of  the  administrative  committee,  being 
absent  on  a  visit  to  the  Orient,  their  offices  were  filled  by  Rev. 
Howard  B.  Grose,  vice-chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee, 
anu  Rev.  Albert  G.  Lawson,  vice-chairman  of  the  administra- 
tive committee. 

EXECUTIVE  OFFICERS 

It  has  been  noted  that  at  the  first  meeting  of  the  Executive 
Committee  Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland»was  elected  secretary. 
At  the  meeting  in  Richmond,  19 14,  the  following  action  was 
taken : 

The  business  committee  recommends  that  Rev.  Charles  S.  Mac- 
farland  be  elected  by  the  Executive  Committee  as  the  general  secretary 
of  the  Federal  Council,  to  have  a  relation  to  all  the  work  of  the 
Council  under  the  direction  of  the  administrative  committee,  provided 
that  particular  business  of  commissions  be  excepted  and  that  all  action 
inconsistent  with  the  above  be  rescinded. 

The  recommendation  was  adopted  by  a  rising  vote,  following 
which  the  Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland  was  unanimously  elected 
general  secretary. 

The  quadrennial  Council  of  191 2  recommended  that  the 
central  administration  of  the  Council  should  have  at  least 
three  secretaries,  one  of  whom  should  be  located  at  Washing- 
ton and  another  of  whom  should  have  a  special  care  of  the 
field  work  of  the  Council.  Your  Executive  Committee  are 
pleased  to  report  that  this  recommendation  has  been  carried 
out,  and  that  the  committee  has  been  able  to  arrange  for  two 


90  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

additional  secretaries,  largely  for  field  work,  the  present  execu- 
tive administration  being  as  follows : 
Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  general  secretary 
Rev.  Henry  K.  Carroll,  associate  secretary  at   Washington  office 
Rev.  Charles  Stelzle,  field  secretary  for  special  service 

Rev.  Roy  B.  Guild,  executive  secretary  of  the  Commission 
on  Federated  Movements,  and  Mr.  James  A.  Whitmore,  field 
secretary  of  that  commission,  together  with  Mr.  Stelzle,  ful- 
fil the  provision  made  by  the  Council  of  1912  for  field  work, 
for  which  it  was  recommended  that  at  least  one  secretary  be 
secured,  while,  as  will  be  noted,  it  has  been  found  possible 
to  secure  the  services  of  three  secretaries  for  field  work. 

Still  further,  by  arrangement  with  the  Commission  on 
Peace  and  Arbitration  and  the  Commission  on  Relations  with 
Japan,  Rev.  Sidney  L.  Gulick  has  been  associated  in  the  secre- 
tarial force  at  the  national  office.  The  field  work  of  the 
Council  has  also  been  furthered  by  the  services  of  Rev.  Charles 
O.  Gill  as  secretary  of  the  Commission  on  the  Church  and 
Country  Life,  located  at  Columbus,  Ohio. 

The  election  of  Dr.  Carroll  at  Baltimore,  191 3,  was  con- 
ditioned upon  the  concurrence  of  the  Home  Missions  Council, 
which  arrangement  continued  up  to  January  i,  19 16,  at  which 
time  the  Home  Missions  Council  voted  to  discontinue  the 
relationship. 

In  addition  to  the  services  of  salaried  secretaries  on  full 
time,  it  should  be  noted  that  Rev.  Henry  A.  Atkinson,  Rev. 
Samuel  Z.  Batten,  Rev.  Frank  M.  Crouch,  Rev.  Harry  F. 
Ward,  and  J.  E.  McAfee  are  associate  secretaries  of  the 
Commission  on  the  Church  and  Social  Service,  and  that  volun- 
tary service  of  an  executive  nature  has  also  been  rendered  by 
Rev.  Henry  H.  Meyer,  secretary  of  the  Commission  on 
Christian  Education,  Rev.  William  E.  Biederwolf,  secretary 
of  the  Commission  on  Evangelism,  and  Rev.  Charles  Scanlon, 
secretary  of  the  Commission  on  Temperance. 

The  committee  of  one  hundred  for  Religious  Activities 
at  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposition  had  the  services  of  Rev. 
H.  H.  Bell  as  executive  secretary. 

The  following  action  was  taken  by  the  administrative  com- 
mittee at  its  meeting  on  June  15,  191 6: 

It  was 

Voted:  1.  That  Rev.  Charles  Stelrlc  be  engaged  as  a  field  secre- 
tary for  special  service; 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  91 

2.  That  Mr.  Stelzle  is  to  work  under  the  direction  and  appoint- 
ment of  the  administrative  committee,  until  the  meeting  of  the  quad- 
rennial conference  in  St.  Louis  in  December,  under  such  assignment 
to  the  work  of  the  various  commissions  of  the  Federal  Council  and  to 
such  special  work  as  may  be  determined  upon  by  the  administrative 
committee ; 

3.  That  in  his  relation  to  the  commissions  of  the  Federal  Council, 
and  in  the  work  that  he  is  to  undertake,  it  is  understood  that  Mr. 
Stelzle  is  to  do  team  work  with  the  other  secretaries,  and  that  work 
is  not  to  be  undertaken,  especially  new  work,  until  it  has  been  agreed 
upon  in  conference; 

4.  That  Mr.  Stelzle's  salary  be  fixed  at  the  rate  of  $5,000  per 
annum,  with  the  understanding  that  the  fund  be  provided  therefor, 
as  well  as  for  his  expenses,  outside  of  the  regular  funds  of  the  Council, 
in  accordance  with  the  vote  of  the  Federal  Council  that  all  such 
special  work  should  be  self-sustaining; 

5.  That  it  is  the  hope  and  desire  of  both  the  Federal  Council  and 
Mr.  Stelzle  that  his  relations  shall  become  permanent  through  action 
of  the  Federal  Council  at  its  quadrennial  meeting  in  December; 

6.  That  Mr.  Stelzle's  major  work,  at  least  for  the  present,  shall 
be  in  the  fields  of  the  economic  phases  of  the  liquor  problem  and  the 
church  and  labor,  but  that  other  activities,  such  as  may  be  agreed  upon 
in  conference,  may  be  undertaken  with  the  Commission  on  the  Church 
and  Social  Service,  the  Commission  on  Federated  Movements,  the 
Commission  on  Temperance,  and  such  other  work  as  may  be  de- 
termined; 

7.  That  the  time  of  Mr.  Stelzle's  assumption  of  duties  will  be 
mutually  arranged  between  him  and  the  general  secretary,  dependent 
upon  the  provisions  for  financial  support,  as  provided  above. 

The  administrative  committee,  on  November  g,  1916. 
elected  Rev.  E.  W.  Rankin  as  assistant  secretary,  to  be  associ- 
ated with  the  national  ofifice. 

MATTERS  OF  POLICY 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  December  8,  191 5,  and  was  approved  by  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  191 5: 

That  the  chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee  shall  appoint  a 
special  committee  of  Review  and  Appraisement,  said  committee  to 
consist  of  eleven  members,  at  least  eight  of  whom  shall  not  have  been 
members  of  the  administrative  committee,  which  shall  make  a  study 
of  the  methods,  policy,  progress,  and  outlook  of  the  Federal  Council's 


92  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

work  as  revealed  in  the  reports  approved  by  this  body  and  in  action 
taken  by  it, — this  committee  to  submit  to  the  Executive  Committee 
before  the  close  of  this  meeting  a  report  expressing  the  conclusions 
reached  by  it. 

The  following  action  was  taken  by  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  191 5: 

Voted.  That  a  committee  of  eleven  of  Review  and  Appraisement, 
as  recommended  by  the  administrative  committee,  be  appointed. 

The  following  were  appointed:  Rev.  F.  M.  Thomas,  Rev.  H.  C. 
Minton,  Rev.  C.  B.  Mitchell,  Bishop  B.  F.  Lee,  Rev.  A.  E.  Main, 
Rev.  R.  A.  Ashworth,  Fred  B.  Smith,  Rev.  A.  G.  Lawson,  Rev.  W.  S. 
Jacobs,  Alfred  R.  Kimball,  Rev.  H.  C.  Herring. 

The  committee  of  eleven  presented  a  report  at  the  meet- 
ing in  Columbus,  December,  19 15,  which  was  printed  in  full 
in  the  19 15  volume,  and  which  has  been  referred  to  the  com- 
mittee of  fifteen. 

The  suggestion  of  the  committee  of  eleven  was  adopted 
that  a  committee  of  fifteen  be  appointed  by  the  chairman,  of 
which  committee  he  should  be  a  member. 

The  following  committee  was  appointed : 

Rev.  John  Baltzer  John  R.  Mott 

Rev.  James  L.  Barton  Rev.  Frank  Mason  North 

Rev.  W.  C.  Bitting  William  H.  Scott 

Rev.  A.  J.  C.  Bond  Robert  E.  Speer 

George  Warren  Brown  Bishop  U.  F.  Swengel 

Rev.  William  Crowe  Rt.  Rev.  Ethelbert  Talbot 

Rev.  Edwin  Heyl  Delk  Professor  Graham  Taylor 

A.  A.  Hyde  Rev.  Frank  M.  Thomas 

Rev.  F.  D.  Kershner  Rev.  James  I.  Vance 

Bishop  B.  F.  Lee  Bishop  Luther  B.  Wilson 
Bishop  G.  M.  Mathews 

Note— The  chairman  requested  the  liberty  of  appointing  a  larger 
number  of  twenty-one  in  order  to  secure  wider  representation  and  to 
insure  the  bringing  together  of  at  least  the  number  called  for. 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  93 

THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  FUNCTIONS  OF  THE 
COUNCIL 

The  following  report  was  adopted  at  the  Baltimore  meet- 
ing of  the  committee,  December,  1913: 

REPORT  OF  A   COMMITTEE  APPOINTED  TO   PREPARE  A 

STATEMENT  OF  THE  PRINCIPLES  OF  THE  FEDERAL 

COUNCIL,    AS    ADOPTED    BY    THE    EXECUTIVE 

COMMITTEE  AT  BALTIMORE,  MARYLAND, 

DECEMBER,  1913 

Original  Plan  of  Federation 

The  Preamble  of  the  original  Plan  of  Federation  reads  as  follows: 

"In  the  providence  of  God,  the  time  has  come  when  it  seems 
fitting  more  fully  to  manifest  the  essential  oneness  of  the  Christian 
churches  of  America,  in  Jesus  Christ  as  their  divine  Lord  and  Savior, 
and  to  promote  the  spirit  of  fellowship,  service  and  cooperation  among 
them." 

The  Plan  of  Federation,  which  became  a  part  of  the  constitution 
includes  the   following  statements: 

"This  Federal  Council  shall  have  no  authority  over  the  constituent 
bodies  adhering  to  it ;  but  its  province  shall  be  limited  to  the  expression 
of  its  counsel  and  the  recommending  of  a  course  of  action  in  matters 
of  common  interest  to  the  churches,  local  councils,  and  individual 
Christians. 

"It  has  no  authority  to  draw  up  a  common  creed  or  form  of  govern- 
ment or  of  worship,  or  in  any  way  to  limit  the  full  autonomy  of  the 
Christian  bodies  adhering  to  it. 

"Any  action  to  be  taken  by  this  Federal  Council  shall  be  by  the  gen- 
eral vote  of  its  members.  But  in  case  one  third  of  the  members  present 
and  voting  request  it,  the  vote  shall  be  by  the  bodies  represented,  the 
members  of  each  body  voting  separately;  and  action  shall  require  the 
vote  not  only  of  a  majority  of  the  members  voting,  but  also  of  the 
bodies  represented." 

This  Plan  of  Federation  did  not  become  operative  until  it  had  been 
submitted  to  all  of  tjie  proposed  constituent  bodies  and  had  been  adopted 
by  them. 

Its  Distinctive  Character  in  Relation  to  the  Denominations 
The  difference  between  the  Federal  Council  and  organizations  of 
similar  general  purpose  which  preceded  it,  is  that  it  is  not  an  individual 
or  voluntary  agency  or  simply  an  interdenominational  fellowship,  but 
it  is  a  body  officially  constituted  by  the  churches. 


94  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Its  differentiation  from  other  movements  looking  toward  unity  is 
that  it  brings  together  the  various  denominations  for  union  in  service 
rather  than  in  polity  or  doctrinal  statement. 

The  original  delegates  to  the  Interchurch  Conference  on  Federa- 
tion, which  organized  the  Federal  Council,  felt  that  these  limitations 
were  necessary  in  order  that  such  an  organization  might  have  adequate 
strength  and  momentum. 

Its  Representative  Character 
The  Federal  Council  is,  therefore,  the  sum  of  all  its  parts.  It  is 
not  an  unrelated  organization.  Its  function  has  been  to  express  the 
will  of  its  constituent  bodies  and  not  to  legislate  for  them.  Were 
this,  however,  to  be  construed  as  precluding  the  utterance  of  the  voice 
of  the  churches  upon  matters  in  regard  to  which  the  consciousness 
and  the  conscience  of  Christianity  are  practically  unanimous,  the  Fed- 
eral Council  would  be  shorn  of  the  power  given  it  by  the  constituent 
bodies  when  they  adopted  as  one  of  its  objects:  "To  secure  a  larger 
combined  influence  for  the  churches  of  Christ  in  all  matters  affecting 
the  moral  and  social  condition  of  the  people,  so  as  to  promote  the 
application  of  the  law  of  Christ  in  every  relation  of  human  life." 

Denominational  Autonomy 

In  the  original  Plan  of  Federation  the  autonomy  of  the  constituent 
bodies  is,  however,  wisely  safeguarded.  No  action  by  the  Federal 
Council,  even  though  taken,  as  all  its  important  actions  have  been 
taken,  by  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  officially  constituted  delegates  of 
the  constituent  bodies,  can,  by  the  terms  of  its  constitution,  be  legally 
imposed  upon  those  constituent  bodies.  Such  action,  by  the  terms 
of  the  constitution,  goes  back  to  the  constituent  bodies  in  the  form 
of  a  recommendation  for  their  action  or  ratification,  which  may  either 
be  assumed  or  definitely  expressed. 

It  is,  however,  clearly  the  duty  and  the  function  of  the  Council  to 
determine  upon  objects  for  such  common  action  and  to  find  appropriate 
expression  of  the  consciousness  and  the  conscience  of  the  churches  upon 
them. 

Functions  of  the  Council 

While  the  duties  of  the  Council  are  thus,  with  these  safeguards 
and  limitations,  to  represent  the  churches  upon  important  matters  of 
common  concern,  and  in  the  senses  above  indicated,  to  exercise  a 
genuine  leadership  which  recognizes  the  whole  body  of  its  constituency, 
the  Council  may  not  consider  itself  primarily  as  an  independent  entity, 
but  rather  as  a  common  ground  upon  which  the  constituent  bodies 
through  their  official  delegates  come  together  for  cooperation. 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  95 

Under  this  conception  the  Federal  Council  does  not  create  new 
agencies  to  do  the  work  of  the  churches,  nor  does  it  do  the  work  of  the 
denominations  or  the  churches  for  them.  Its  policy  is  that  of  using 
the  existing  agencies,  and  this  policy  should  be  followed  out  with 
relation  to  the  interdenominational  movements  which  are  recognized 
by  the  churches.  In  the  main,  however,  these  existing  agencies  are 
the  constituent  bodies  themselves  and  their  official  boards  and  depart- 
ments. 

It  is,  therefore,  the  function  of  the  Council,  not  so  much  to  do 
things,  as  to  get  the  denominational  bodies  and  the  interdenominational 
movements  to  do  the  work  of  the  churches  in  cooperation.  Here  its 
function  is  not  that  of  overseer  and  director,  but  that  of  an  agency 
for  the  correlation  and  the  coordination  of  existing  forces  and  organi- 
zations, and  so  far  as  it  may  be  permitted,  it  is  to  recommend,  give 
guidance,  and  point  out  the  way. 

Relation  to  Local  Federative  Agencies 
With  relation  to  State  and  Local  Federations  the  Plan  of  Federa- 
tion distinctly,  it  is  held  by  many,  intended  that  the  Federal  Council 
should  be  the  initiator,  creator,  inspirer,  and  so  far  as  possible,  the 
directing  agency  of  such  federations. 

There  is,  however,  no  organic  relation  between  the  Federal  Council 
and  state  and  local  federations,  and  it  can  assume  no  responsibility 
for  the  constituency  of  such  federations  or  the  form  which  they  may 
take,  or  indeed  any  responsibility,  except  so  far  as  they  may  carry 
out  the  principles  and  the  policy  of  the  Council. 

Commissions 

These  same  principles  of  policy  apply  to  the  various  Commissions 
appointed  by  the  Council.  They  act  always  as  agents  of  the  Council 
and  distinctly  represent  themselves  as  such.  They  also  hold  themselves 
as  subject  to  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Council  in  accordance 
with  the  by-laws  of  the  Council. 

Like  the  Council  itself,  these  commissions,  in  relation  to  the  de- 
nominational agencies,  regard  themselves  as  the  sum  of  all  their  parts. 


The  Council  thus  seeks  to  find  the  will  of  the  constituent  bodies 
and  their  departments,  and  to  interpret  and  express  it  in  common  terms. 
The  Council  then  aims  to  secure  the  doing  of  the  will  and  conscience 
of  the  constituent  bodies  by  common  and  united  action. 

The  cooperation  implied  in  the  fellowship  of  the  Federal  Council 
does  not  require  any  one  of  the  constituent  bodies  to  participate  in  such 
cooperative  movements  as  may  not  be  approved  by  it  or  for  which  its 
methods  of  organization  and  work  may  not  be  adapted. 


96  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

As  your  committee  reviews  the  history  of  the  Council  and  the 
actions  of  the  Council,  its  Executive  Committee,  its  commissions  and 
its  national  office,  we  find  that  to  a  remarkable  degree  these  principles 
have  been  closely  followed  in  a  way  that  has  brought  about  effective 
utterance  and  action  without  division  or  disintegration,  and  we  heartily 
commend  in  these  respects  the  administration  of  the  Council,  its 
committees  and  its  executive  administration. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Frank  Mason  North 
William  I.  Haven 
Shailer  Mathews 
George  Warren  Brown 
William  H.  Roberts 
William  H.  Scott 
Charles   S.  Macfarland 

Committee 
The  Executive  Committee  has  taken  action  several  times 
relative  to  cooperative  relations  between  the  commissions  and 
the  Executive  Committee,  including  the  report  of  the  com- 
mittee of  eleven  at  Columbus,  191 5,  w^hich,  however,  need  not 
be  reported  in  detail,  inasmuch  as  this  matter  has  been  pre- 
sented for  consideration  to  the  committee  of  fifteen. 

MATTERS  AT  THE  WASHINGTON  OFFICE 

The  following  report  was  received  by  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee at  its  meeting  in  Baltimore,  December,  1913 : 

The  Washington  branch  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Fed- 
eral Council  would  report: 

That  the  secretary  of  the  Federal  Council,  Rev.  Charles  S.  Mac- 
farland, transmitted  to  us  a  letter  from  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  of  Annapolis,  Maryland,  requesting  an  investigation  and  action. 
The  letter  was  a  complaint  that  students  of  United  States  Naval 
Academy  who  were  Roman  Catholics  were  permitted  to  attend  church 
service  at  other  than  the  chapel  of  the  Naval  Academy,  which  privilege 
was  denied  to  all  others.  The  committee  conferred  with  the  Secretary 
of  the  Navy  Department. 

It  appears  that  the  superintendent  of  the  United  States  Naval 
Academy  at  Annapolis,  Maryland,  has  in  force  an  order  requiring  all 
students  to  attend  Sabbath  worship  in  the  chapel  unless  they  can  state 
in  writing  that  they  cannot  conscientiously  do  so.  The  Roman  Catholic 
students  make  that  statement.  The  others  cannot  do  so,  and  whatever 
may  be  their  preference  or  desire,  must  be  denied  the  privilege  of 
attending  any  other  service. 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  97 

The  Secretary  stated: 

1.  That  he  believed  that  ordinarily  all  the  students  should  be  re- 
quired to  attend  the  Sabbath  service  in  the  chapel  of  the  Naval 
Academy ; 

2.  That  if  any  special  privileges  are  to  be  given  they  should  be 
distributed  impartially; 

3.  That  any  such  privilege,  if  given,  should  be  upon  the  conscien- 
tious request,  not  of  the  student,  but  of  the  parent; 

4.  That  the  rule  as  at  present  instituted  and  administered  is 
unjust,  and  that  he  would  use  his  influence  to  have  said  rule  amended 
so  as  to  administer  justice  to  all. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

(Signed)        Wallace  Radcliffe 

For  the  Committee 

Vot^d,  That  the  report  be  received  and  approved,  and  that  Dr. 
Radcliffe  be  requested  to  present  the  action  of  the  Executive  Committee 
to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  with  the  assurance  of  the  warm  apprecia- 
tion of  the  Council. 

In  accordance  v^ith  the  instructions  of  the  Federal  Council 
of  1912,  the  Washington  office  was  established  in  December, 
1913,  with  the  appointment  of  an  advisory  committee. 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  April  9,  19 14,  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Richmond,  December,  1914: 

The  following  revised  list  of  members  of  the  Washington  advisory 
committee  were  duly  elected  by  a  vote  of  the  administrative  committee; 
Rt.  Rev.  Alfred  Harding  Rev.  George  A.  Miller 

Bishop  Earl  Cranston  Rev.  Charles  F.  Steck 

Rev.  Wallace  Radcliffe  Rev.  John  Lee  Allison 

Rev.  Jay  T.  Stocking  Rev.  Samuel  H.  Greene 

Rev.  Forrest  J.  Prettyman  G.  W.  F.  Swartzell 

Since  that  time  Rev.  J.  T.  Stocking  has  resigned,  and  the 
following  additional  members  have  been  elected : 

John  B.  Larner 

Rev.  W.  L.  McDowell 

Rev.  Qarence  A.  Vincent 

Rev.  Livingston  Bayard 

ARMY  AND  NAVY  CHAPLAINS 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  March  11,  1915,  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 


9S  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  191 5: 

The  following  recommendations  of  the  advisory  committee  at 
Washington  were  read  and  approved: 

The  first  step  in  vitalizing  religious  influence  aboard  ship,  is  to 
strengthen  the  position  of  the  chaplain  through  navy  regulations.  To 
do  effective  and  efficient  work,  the  chaplain  must  be  given  by  navy 
regulations  the  position  and  power,  as  far  as  may  be  under  the  laws 
and  limits  of  the  navy,  of  the  pastor  of  a  great  institutional  church 
of  one  or  two  thousand  men.  He  must  be  given  power  to  choose  young, 
enthusiastic,  athletic,  social  men  from  the  ship's  company  as  leaders 
in  welfare  work  and  in  the  religious  life  and  whose  chief  happiness 
is  in  comradeship  and  helpfulness. 
The  paper  asks  for: 

1.  An  allowance  of  $400  to  each  chaplain  on  appointment  and 
an  annual  allowance  of  $100  thereafter  for  the  purchase  of  equipment; 
an  annual  allowance  of  $250  for  music  and  of  $100  for  his  library. 
Also  an  allowance  for  a  rotary  mimeograph  ($76).  (At  present 
nothing  is  furnished  by  the  government  for  the  conduct  of  worship  or 
the  administration  of  the  ordinances.) 

2.  A  separate  and  distinct  chapter  in  the  navy  regulations  for 
"Religion  and  Worship,"  such  as  is  provided  for  the  medical  corps 
and  for  the  paymaster's  corps. 

3.  The  regular  naval  uniform  for  chaplains,  instead  of  the  present 
nondescript  clerical  uniform.  (This  change,  already  made  in  the  army, 
is  necessary  in  the  navy,  to  prevent  discrimination  against  the  chaplain 
and  his  humiliation  at  formal  functions.) 

4.  Chaplains  not  to  be  required  to  serve  on  court-martial,  such 
service  being  prejudical  to  their  influence  with  the  men  as  chaplains. 

5.  Only  work  necessary  to  safety  of  ship  and  health  of  personnel, 
to  be  allowed  on  Sunday  in  time  of  peace. 

6.  The  chaplain's  religious  work  not  to  be  interfered  with  by 
requiring  him  to  teach  academic  or  technical  branches  of  education. 

7.  Suitable  and  accessible  quarters  on  ship  to  be  given  to  chaplains 
for  convenience  of  conference  with  the  men,  with  the  privilege  of  using 
unoccupied  rooms  for  chapel,  study,  reception  or  living  room,  or 
office. 

8.  A  chaplain  to  be  detailed  for  duty  in  the  Navy  Department 
to  advise  with  the  Secretary  of  the  navy  on  all  matters  relating  to 
the  corps  in  general  and  the  religious,  moral  and  spiritual  welfare  of 
the  personnel  of  the  navy  in  particular. 

The  following  action  was  taken  by  the  administrative  com- 
mittee at  its  meeting  on  April  13,  1916: 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  90 

In  regard  to  the  memorial  of  Chaplain  Orville  J.  Nave,  Secretary 
Carroll  presented  a  document  containing  the  action  taken  by  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  Religious  Welfare  League  for  the  Army 
and  Navy  and  by  the  advisory  committee  of  the  Washington  office 
of  the  Federal  Council,  which  was  as  follows : 

1.  That  something  be  done  to  provide  more  funds  for  the  work, 

2.  That  communications,  setting  forth  present  conditions  and 
needs  and  asking  for  appropriate  action,  be  sent  to  the  general  con- 
ferences, assemblies,  and  conventions  of  the  constituent  bodies  and 
other  churches,  meeting  in  May  and  June. 

3.  That  approval  be  given  to  the  calling  by  the  War  and  Navy 
Departments,  of  a  conference  in  Washington  of  chaplains  of  the  army 
and  navy,  to  consider  and  adopt  measures  for  better  and  more  effective 
social,  moral,  and  religious  work  among  officers  and  enlisted  men. 

4.  That  urgent  representation  be  made  to  the  executive  and 
legislative  branches  of  the  national  government  of  the  unjust  dis- 
crimination of  the  present  law  against  chaplains,  and  chaplains  only 
among  all  the  officers  of  staff  and  line,  depriving  them,  without 
necessity  or  reason,  of  official  standing  and  privileges  and  opportunities 
such  as  are  given  to  all  other  officers. 

It  was 

Voted,  To  receive  and  approve  the  statement  and  to  refer  to  Secre- 
tary Carroll  in  conjunction  with  the  Religious  Welfare  League  and 
the  advisory  committee,  the  matter  of  raising  a  fund  to  carry  out  the 
above  recommendations. 

The  following  actions  were  taken  by  the  administrative 
committee  at  its  meeting  on  September  14,  1916: 

It  was 

Voted,  That  Dr.  Carroll  be  requested  to  take  up  immediately  the 
matter  of  chaplains  in  the  army,  as  authorized  by  the  quadrennial 
Council  of  1912. 

It  was  also 

Voted,  That  the  general  secretary  be  requested  to  secure  further 
consideration  of  the  matter  of  general  conditions  in  the  army,  in- 
cluding especially  moral  and  social  conditions  in  the  Canal  Zone. 

INCORPORATION 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  March  29,  191 5,  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  191 5 : 

Secretary  Macfarland  presented  the  report  of  Dr.  Carroll  in 
regard  to  incorporation  in  the  several  states  and  the  District  of 
Columbia. 


100  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

It  was 

Voted,  To  authorize  Dr.  Carroll  to  proceed  with  the  incorpora- 
tion of  the  Federal  Council  under  the  laws  of  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  in  Columbus, 
December,  191 5,  the  following  action  was  taken  in  regard  to 
the  incorporation  of  the  Federal  Council : 

We  recognize  with  sincere  appreciation  the  efforts  of  the  adminis- 
trative committee  and  its  legal  advisers  in  preparing  the  tentative 
articles  of  incorporation.  We,  however,  must  recommend  that  these 
articles  of  incorporation,  inasmuch  as  they  are  tentative,  be  not  accepted 
and  approved.  We  deem  it  necessary  that  the  articles  of  incorporation 
must  provide  that  the  trustees  shall  in  any  case  be  elected  by  the 
Federal  Council. 

We  recommend  that  the  purposes  of  incorporation  be  described 
in  the  charter,  particularly  as  to  the  holding  of  the  property  of  the 
Council,  however  it  may  be  necessary  to  describe  the  general  activities 
of  the  Council. 

We  recommend  that  the  administrative  committee  continue  in 
its  efforts  to  secure  incorporation  and  an  effective  charter. 

CONSTITUENT  BODIES 

The  Executive  Committee  approved  the  following  recom- 
mendation of  the  business  committee  at  its  meeting  in  Rich- 
mond, December,  1914: 

The  business  committee  recommends  that  the  Executive  Committee 
express  its  gratification  at  the  joint  action  of  the  general  assemblies 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  U.  S.,  the  Presbyterian  Church  in 
the  U.  S.  A.,  the  United  Presbyterian  Church,  and  the  Associate  Re- 
formed Presbyterian  Synod,  in  adopting  the  united  declaration  of 
Christian  faith  and  social  service  prepared  by  their  joint  committee, 
and  that,  in  view  of  its  clear  statements  in  harmony  with  the  past 
action  of  the  Federal  Council,  this  declaration  be  printed  in  the  minutes 
of  the  Executive  Committee  for  the  information  of  our  churches. 

At  the  meeting  in  Baltimore,  1913,  Bishop  Talbot  presented 
the  following  action  of  the  general  convention  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church : 

Resolved,  That  the  general  convention  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  hereby  records  its  gratitude  to  Almighty  God  for  the  growing 
sympathy  and  closer  relations  between  bodies  of  Christians,  as  evi- 
denced by  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America; 
but  the  strong  conviction  of  this  church  is  that  the  ideal  of  our  Lord 
for  his  people  is  organic  unity  in  one  body;   realizing,  however,  tht 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  101 

desirability  of  Christian  cooperation,  where  practicable  without  the 
sacrifice  of  principle,  this  convention  expresses  the  opinion  that  the 
Commissions  on  Christian  Unity  and  on  Social  Service  may  appoint 
representatives  to  take  part  in  the  Federal  Council. 

The  follov^ing  action  v^as  taken  by  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  191 5: 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  Executive  Committee  recognize  the  advantage,  if 
not  the  necessity,  of  securing  some  understanding  with  the  several 
constituent  bodies  by  which  there  shall  be  designated  by  each  of  them 
some  persons  or  agency  to  serve  as  a  channel  of  communication  between 
them  and  the  executive  officer  of  the  Council  for  the  quadrennium 
between  the  meetings  of  the  Federal  Council.  Such  agency  might  be 
the  representatives  of  the  denominations  upon  the  Executive  Committee 
of  the  Council,  some  committee  of  the  judicatory,  or  individuals  named 
for  this  purpose. 

That  the  general  secretary  be  directed  to  communicate  to  the 
several  judicatories  in  such  manner  as  may  seem  wise,  in  consultation 
with  the  administrative  committee,  the  hope  of  the  Executive  Committee 
that  some  such  working  arrangement  as  has  been  suggested  may  be 
adopted  which  will  be  at  once  in  harmony  with  the  adminisrative 
system  of  the  denomination  and  adapted  to  meet  the  need  of  a  more 
definite  and  responsible  medium  of  communication. 

The  follovi^ing-  action  was  taken  by  the  administrative  com- 
mittee at  its  meeting  on  March  6,  1916: 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  general  secretary  send  out  a  letter  to  the  con- 
stituent bodies  of  the  Council,  to  include  a  resume  of  the  practical 
workings  and  significant  activities  of  the  Council. 

The  only  change  in  the  constituent  bodies  of  the  Council 
is  the  withdrawal  of  the  Primitive  Methodist  Church,  in 
response  to  which  the  administrative  committee  has  instructed 
the  general  secretary  to  confer  with  that  body  at  its  next 
session. 

By  order  of  the  meeting  at  Columbus,  1915,  the  following 
message  was  issued: 

April  5,  1916. 

To  the  Constituent  Bodies: 

The  Executive  Committee,  at  its  session  in  Columbus,  Decem- 
ber, 1915,  voted  that  the  following  message  be  sent  to  the  constitu- 
ent bodies: 

The  Executive  Committee  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the 


♦  e     «   «  .,0 


102  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Churches  of  Christ  in  America,  in  session  at  Columbus,  Ohio, 
December  8-10,  1915,  sends  greeting  to  the  constituent  de- 
nominations which  it  represents;  congratulating  them  upon  the 
evident  signs  of  the  growth  of  the  spirit  of  fraternal  coopera- 
tion to  be  seen  on  every  hand  and  upon  the  encouraging 
progress  of  their  effort  to  express  their  essential  oneness  of 
spirit  through  the  creation  and  maintenance  of  the  Federal 
Council. 

During  the  three  years  which  have  passed  since  the  last 
quadrennial  meeting  of  the  Council,  the  Executive  Committee 
and  its  administrative  committee  have  felt  a  constant  and 
growing  pressure  of  desire  for  cooperative  effort,  which  has 
taken  the  form  of  manifold  proposals.  Many  of  these  were  of 
necessity  put  aside  as  not  germane  to  the  purposes  of  the 
Council.  Others  seemed  imperatively  to  call  for  action.  The 
committee  has,  therefore,  increased  in  marked  degree  the  sum 
of  the  Council's  activities  and  has  been  enabled  by  the  blessing 
of  God  to  secure  the  funds  and  enlist  the  leadership  needed 
for  such  expansion. 

Throughout  this  development  it  has  been  diligent  in  its 
effort  to  understand  and  reflect  the  will  of  the  churches  which 
it  serves  and  has  kept  steadily  in  view  the  fundamental  purpose 
of  the  Council  as  expressed  in  the  following  section  of  the  con- 
stitution: 

"The  object  of  this  Council  shall  be — 

"To  express  the  fellowship  and  catholic  unity  of  the  Chris- 
tian church. 

"To  bring  the  Christian  bodies  of  America  into   united 

service  for  Christ  and  the  world. 

"To  encourage  devotional  fellowship  and  mutual  counsel 

concerning  the  spiritual  life  and  religious  activities  of  the 

churches. 

"To  secure  a  larger  combined  influence  for  the  churches  of 
Christ  in  all  matters  affecting  the  moral  and  social  con- 
dition of  the  people,  so  as  to  promote  the  application  of 
the  law  of  Christ  in  every  relation  of  human  life. 
"To  assist  in  the  organization  of  local  branches  of  the  Fed- 
eral Council  to  promote  its  aims  in  their  communities." 
Because  of  the  magnitude  and  importance  which  the  work 
of  the  Federal  Council  is  assuming,  the  committee  is  preparing 
to  gather  up  in  orderly  form  and  present  to  the  constituent 
bodies  a  review  of  the  existing  agencies  and  plans  of  the  Coim- 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  103 

cil,  and  a  statement  of  their  purposes  and  methods,  an  account 
of  the  administrative  principles  and  regulations  by  which  they 
are  guided,  and  an  estimate  of  the  possibilities  and  boundaries 
of  cooperative  endeavor  which  are  thus  in  the  possession  of 
the  churches  of  Christ  in  America.  A  large  special  committee, 
widely  representative  in  character,  has  been  appointed  to  pre- 
pare such  a  review  and  transmit  it  to  the  proper  officials  of  all 
denominations  allied  in  the  Federal  Council,  in  order  that  it 
may  be  in  the  hands  of  the  delegates  of  those  denominations 
well  in  advance  of  the  quadrennial  meeting  of  December,  1916, 
to  the  end  that  this  meeting  in  the  wisest  possible  way  may 
formulate  such  constructive  plans  as  shall  best  accomplish  the 
ends  to  which  our  prayers  and  efforts  are  dedicated. 

The  future  is  bright  with  promise  for  the  church  of  Christ. 
Great  tasks  await  her  and  great  power  human  and  divine  is 
hers  to  meet  them.  If  she  shall  be  true  to  her  Master,  shall 
seek  humbly  to  know  God's  will,  shall  depend  on  his  power, 
shall  use  his  gifts  and  labor  for  his  kingdom  in  fraternal  co- 
operation, there  are  no  bounds  to  the  service  she  may  render 
to  our  sinful  and  sorrowing  world. 

May  the  abundant  presence  of  the  Holy  Spirit  be  given  to 
the  churches  which  constitute  the  Federal  Council,  that  they 
may  be  true  to  their  task  and  equal  to  their  opportunity. 
Sincerely  yours, 

FRANK  MASON  NORTH, 

Chairman 

CHARLES  S.  MACFARLAND, 
General  Secretary 

AD-INTERIM  COMMISSIONS 

The  Executive  Committee  approved  the  follov^ing  recom- 
mendation of  the  business  committee  at  its  meeting  in  Rich- 
mond, December,  1914: 

The  business  committee  recommends  that  an  ad  interim  Commis- 
sion on  the  Church  and  Country  Life  be  appointed,  and  that  the 
Federal  Council  at  its  next  meeting  be  requested  to  adopt  it  as  one  of 
the  permanent  commissions  of  the  Council. 

The  business  committee  recommends  that  the  Executive  Committee 
submit  to  the  next  Federal  Council  the  request  that  the  powers  of  the 
Executive  Committee  be  determined,  relative  to  the  appointment  of 
commissions. 


104  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  January  7,  19 15,  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  1915: 

It  was 

Voted,  That  we  approve  the  appointment  of  a  committee  on  Fed- 
erated Movements. 

The  following  committee  was  appointed: 
Mr.  Fred  B.  Smith 
Rev.  Samuel  Z.  Batten 
Rev.  Alfred  Williams  Anthonx 
Rev.  Albert  G.  Lawson 
Mr.  John  M.  Glenn 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  February  11,  1915,  and  was  approved  by  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  1915: 

Secretary  Macfarland  presented  a  typewritten  report  of  the  special 
committee  on  the  Commission  on  Federated  Movements. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  we  approve  the  report  and  authorize  the  committee  to 
issue  the  call  for  a  "conference  upon  an  enlarged  effort  in  behalf  of 
Federated  Christian  work." 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  June  10,  191 5,  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  191 5 : 

Fred  B.  Smith,  chairman  of  the  special  committee,  presented 
the  report  of  the  Atlantic  City  conference.  (This  report  will  appear 
in  connection  with  that  of  the  Commission  on  Federated  Movements.) 

It  was 

Voted,  To  approve  the  report,  including  the  findings  of  the 
Atlantic  City  conference. 

The  following  resolution  was  adopted: 

Whereas,  The  Executive  Committee  has  authorized  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  Commission  on  Federated  Movements,  and 

Whereas,  The  President  of  the  Federal  Council  is  empowered 

to  appoint  the  members  of  all  commissions,  therefore 

Resolved,  That  the  committee  in  charge  of  the  Atlantic  City 

Conference  on  Federated  Movements  nominate  to  the  President 

the  members  of  the  commission. 

The  following  action  was  taken  by  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  1915 : 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  appointment  of  an  ad-interim.  Commission  on 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  105 

Federated  Movements  be  approved,  and  that  the  Federal  Council  at 
fts  next  meeting  be  urged  to  adopt  this  commission  as  one  of  the 
permanent  commissions  of  the  Council. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  in  Columbus, 
December,  1915,  the  following  action  was  taken: 

In  view  of  the  facts  brought  to  light  by  the  Commission  on  the 
Church  and  Country  Life  respecting  the  need  of  combining  and  realign- 
ing religious  forces  in  rural  districts,  this  Executive  Committee  re- 
quests the  general  secretary  in  its  behalf  either  directly  or  through 
one  of  the  commissions  to  undertake  to  awaken  an  inteiest  in  state 
federations  in  those  states  not  now  having  them,  with  effort  par- 
ticularly to  secure  the  cooperation  of  state  denominational  organiza- 
tions in  recognizing  as  common  tasks  the  promotion  of  community 
welfare  in  all  its  forms,  under  plans  mutually  agreed  to  and  clearly 
recognized. 

COMMISSIONS 

The  Executive  Committee  approved  the  following  riscom- 
mendation  of  the  business  committee  at  its  meeting  in  Rich- 
mond, December,  1914: 

The  business  committee  recommends  that,  concerning  the  budget 
and  financial  operations  of  the  several  commissions,  the  administra- 
tive committee  be  given  ad-interim  supervision  and  authority. 

The  Executive  Committee  approved  the  following  recom- 
mendations of  the  business  committee  at  its  meeting  in 
Columbus,  December,  1915: 

Resolved,  That  the  Executive  Committee  commends  the  action 
of  the  Commission  on  Foreign  Missions  looking  towards  closer  co- 
operation with  the  Conference  of  the  Foreign  Mission  Boards  of 
North  America,  similar  to  that  sustained  with  the  Home  Missions 
Council. 

Resolved,  That  the  Executive  Committee  request  the  Third  Quad- 
rennial Council  to  take  into  consideration  the  advisability  of  consoli- 
dating the  Commission  on  State  and  Local  Federations  with  the 
Commission  on  Federated  Movements. 

The  Executive  Committee  approved  the  following  recom- 
mendation of  the  business  committee  at  its  meeting  in  Rich- 
mond, December,  1914: 

The  business  committee  recommends  that  the  Commission  on  the 
Church  and  Social  Service  be  requested  to  represent  the  Federal  Coun- 
cil in  extending  assistance  to  the  Association  of  Army  and  Navy 
Chaplains. 


106  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

The  following  action  was  taken  by  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  191 5: 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  Executive  Committee  request  the  Commission 
on  Christian  Education  to  report,  if  possible,  at  the  next  annual  meet- 
ing of  the  Executive  Committee,  such  facts  as  it  can  ascertain 
concerning  the  educational  standards  for  admission  to  the  ministry 
as  are  now  in  force  in  the  various  rehgious  bodies. 

RELATIONS  WITH 

HOME  MISSIONS  COUNCIL 

AND 

FOREIGN  MISSIONS  CONFERENCE  OF  NORTH 

AMERICA 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  January  23,  1914,  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Richmond,  December,  1914: 

That  in  compliance  with  the  vote  of  the  Federal  Council  recog- 
nizing the  Home  Missions  Council  "as  the  proper  organization  of  the 
churches  at  the  present  time  for  coordinating  home  missions  activi- 
ties," the  administrative  committee  approves  the  action  of  the  Com- 
mission on  Home  Missions  and  the  action  of  the  Home  Missions  Coun- 
cil; endorses  the  proposed  cooperation  of  the  Home  Missions  Council 
with  the  Federal  Council  through  its  Commission  on  Home  Missions; 
invites  the  chairman  and  secretary  of  the  Home  Missions  Council  to 
meet  with  the  administrative  committee  as  advisory  members;  and 
invites  the  Home  Missions  Council  to  present  records  of  its  work  to 
the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Federal  Council  and  to  the  Federal 
Council. 

That  the  Secretary  of  the  Federal  Council  is  also  instructed  to 
arrange  with  the  Home  Missions  Council  for  representatives  of  the 
Federal  Council  in  its  membership. 

That  the  administrative  Committee  recommends  that  the  Com- 
mission on  Foreign  Missions  bring  about  the  closest  possible  re- 
lationship with  the  Foreign  Missions  Conference  of  North  America, 
and  that  the  commission  offer  to  the  conference  any  assistance  possible 
for  the  provision  of  its  needs. 

The  Home  Missions  Council  at  its  annual  meeting  in  Jan- 
uary, 1914,  took  the  following  action : 

Resolved,  That  the  Home  Missions  Council  concur  in  the  action 
of  the  Federal  Council  in  electing  Rev.  H.  K.  Carroll  as  joint  repre-* 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  107 

sentative  of  the  two  Councils  at  Washington,  D.  C,  the  portion  of  his 
annual  salary  from  the  Home  Missions  Council  to  be  $1,500. 

(Signed)    William  T.  Demarest, 

Secretary 

The  following  message  was  received  by  the  administrative 
committee  at  its  meeting  on  January  29,  1916: 

Resolved,  That,  inasmuch  as  practically  all  the  work  connected  with 
the  Washington  office,  which  has  been  jointly  supported  by  the  Federal 
Council  and  the  Home  Missions  Council,  seems  to  come  more  definitely 
within  the  scope  of  the  Federal  Council ;  therefore,  the  Home  Missions 
Council  deems  it  proper  to  terminate  its  part  of  the  arrangement,  and 
to  discontinue  its  support  of  the  Washington  office. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  this  whole  matter  be  referred  to  a  special 
committee  of  three,  to  be  appointed  by  the  chairman  to  investi- 
gate and  report  back  to  the  administrative  committee. 

The  following  committee  was  appointed: 
Rev.  Rivington  D.  Lord 
Alfred  R.  Kimball 
Rev.  Frank  Mason  North 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  on  April  19, 
191 6,  Mr.  Kimball  presented  the  following  report  of  the  special 
committee  on  the  salary  of  the  associate  secretary  at  Wash- 
ington, which  was  adopted: 

Your  committee  begs  leave  to  report: 

1.  That  the  treasurer  be  instructed  to  pay  the  salary  of  the 
secretary  at  Washington  in  full  up  to  the  end  of  the  present  fiscal 
year; 

2.  That  the  chairman  of  the  administrative  committee  and  the 
treasurer  be  instructed  to  confer  with  the  officers  of  the  Home 
Missions  Council  with  a  view  to  securing  from  that  body  consent  to 
meet  from  its  treasury  the  proportion  of  salary  expected  from  it 
under  the  agreement. 

Rivington  D.  Lord 
Frank  Mason  North 
Alfred  R.  Kimball 

Committee 

COMMITTEE  ON  COLORED  CHURCHES 

The  Executive  Committee  approved  the  following  recom- 
mendation of  the  business  committee  at  its  meeting  in 
Richmond,  December,  1914: 


108  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

The  business  committee  recommends  that  the  administrative  com- 
mittee be  authorized  to  appoint  a  committee,  not  to  exceed  twenty,  to 
give  special  consideration  to  the  needs  and  interests  of  the  colored 
race,  and  to  put  into  operation  helpful  measures  for  larger  cooperation 
between  the  colored  denominations  and  the  other  constituent  bodies 
of  the  Federal  Council  in  such  ways  as  may  be  appropriate  and  prac- 
tical. 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  \yas 
taken  on  January  7,  191 5,  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  191 5: 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  general  secretary  be  empowered,  after  corre- 
spondence with  the  colored  denominations  and  white  bodies  doing  work 
among  the  Negroes,  to  appoint  a  committee  on  the  Special  Interests 
of  the  Colored  Denominations. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  administrative  committee,  held  on 
September  14,  191 6,  Secretary  Carroll  reported  that  the  com- 
mittee on  the  Work  of  the  Colored  Churches  had  organized 
with  Bishop  Wilbur  P.  Thirkield  as  president  and  Rev.  J.  D. 
Hammond  of  Fletcher,  N.  C,  as  vice-president,  and  Rev.  H. 
K.  Carroll  as  secretary.  The  committee  will  formulate  an 
outline  of  policy  to  be  pursued  and  prepare  a  report  for  the 
Federal  Council. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  report  be  received  and  approved. 

WEEK  OF  PRAYER 

The  following  report  and  resolution,  presented  by  the 
business  committee,  at  the  meeting  in  Baltimore,  December, 
1913,  were  adopted  by  the  Executive  Committee: 

The  Executive  Committee  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches 
of  Christ  in  America  desires  to  place  on  record  its  high  appreciation 
of  the  work  and  influence  of  the  Evangelical  Alliance  in  inspiring  the 
spirit  of  Christian  unity  and  developing  closer  relations  between  the 
churches  of  our  land  and  the  world.  It  gratefully  remembers  the 
splendid  leadership  of  the  sainted  William  E.  Dodge,  for  many  years 
its  president,  and  the  tireless  labors  of  Rev.  Philip  Schaff,  the  prophet 
and  pioneer  of  Christian  unity,  who  crossed  the  seas  many  times  to 
bring  together  that  memorable  and  significant  meeting  of  the  Evan- 
gelical Alliance  held  in  New  York  City  in  1873.  Many  of  the  leading 
pastors  and  laymen  of  New  York  City  for  years  maintained  the 
Evangelical  Alliance,  and  they  deserve  the  hearty  thanks  of  the 
American  churches. 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  109 

Resolved,  That  the  administrative  committee  be  directed  to  confer 
with  the  officers  of  the  Evangelical  Alliance  to  consider  the  question 
of  the  Week  of  Prayer  and  possible  plans  of  cooperation  with  a  view 
to  perpetuating  and  enlarging  the  influence  which  the  Evangelical 
Alliance  has  exerted,  and  that  power  be  given  to  the  committee  to 
assume  for  the  Federal  Council  such  responsibilities  as  in  its  dis- 
cretion the  committee  may  think  proper. 

The  follov^ing  action  was  taken  by  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee at  the  meeting  in  Baltimore,  December,  1913: 

Resolved,  That  the  president  of  the  Federal  Council,  together 
with  Secretary  Macfarland  and  the  chairman  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, be  requested  to  issue  a  call  to  the  churches  represented  in  the 
Federal  Council  to  give  themselves  to  special  prayer  for  the  outpouring 
of  the  Spirit  of  God  upon  all  Christian  churches,  and  especially  upon 
all  efforts  to  bring  the  unsaved  to  a  personal  experience  of  Christ 
as  Savior  and  Lord. 

The  procedure  of  the  administrative  committee  in  Janu- 
ary, 1914,  was  approved  as  follows: 

Voted,  That  the  time  for  the  Week  of  Prayer  be  fixed  for  the 
week  beginning  the  Lenten  period,  and  that  the  call  for  the  Week  of 
Prayer  to  referred  to  a  committee  consisting  of  Secretary  Macfarland 
and  Dr.  Grose  for  revision. 

The  Executive  Committee  approved  the  following  recom- 
mendation of  the  business  committee  at  its  meeting  in  Rich- 
mond, December,  1914: 

The  business  committee  recommends  the  adoption  of  the  resolu- 
tions presented  by  the  Commission  on  Evangelism,  recommending  to  all 
the  churches  united  prayer  for  a  world-wide  revival  of  true  religion 
and  of  aggressive  evangelism,  and  that  this  action  be  conveyed  by  the 
officers  of  the  Federal  Council  and  of  the  Commission  on  Evangelism. 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  October  8,  191 5,  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  1915: 

Dr.  Lawson  presented  a  printed  report  of  the  special  committee 
on  Topics  for  the  Week  of  Prayer. 

It  was 

Voted,  To  adopt  the  same  and  that  it  be  sent  out  to  the  several 
constituent  bodies,  also  that  a  copy  be  placed  on  file. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  administrative  committee,  held  on 
September  14,  191 6,  the  Week  of  Prayer  committee  recom- 
mended that  the  program  and  subjects  issued  by  the  World's 
Evangelical  Alliance  of  London  be  adopted  and  issued  to  the 


110  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

churches,  with  such  changes  as  may  be  found  necessary  by  the 
committee. 

The  recommendation  of  the  committee  was  approved. 

AMERICAN  PEACE  CENTENARY  COMMITTEE 

At  the  Baltimore  meeting,  December,  191 3,  a  complete  re- 
port of  the  American  Peace  Centenary  committee,  presented  by 
Rev.  Henry  K.  Carroll,  chairman  of  the  committee,  was  re- 
ceived and  approved.  This  report  is  printed  in  full  in  the  1913 
reports,  and  subsequent  reports  were  presented  in   1914  and 

1915- 

PANAMA-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION 

RELIGIOUS  ACTIVITIES 

At  Baltimore  a  complete  report  was  received  and  approved, 
presented  by  Rev.  Frank  Mason  North,  Rev.  William  I. 
Haven,  and  Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  reviewing  the 
entire  procedure  leading  up  to  the  appointirient  of  the  com- 
mittee of  one  hundred,  which  committee  will  present  its  own 
report.  This  report  is  contained  in  full  in  the  volume  of  1913 
reports.  The  committee  of  one  hundred  has  also  issued  a 
volume  containing  a  complete  report. 

The  following  action  was  taken  by  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee at  its  meeting  in  Richmond,  December,  1914: 

The  report  of  the  committee  of  one  hundred  on  Religious  Activi- 
ties at  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposition  was  presented  by  Rev.  H.  H. 
Bell,  secretary  of  the  committee.  It  was  receivdti  and  referred  to  the 
business  committee. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  in  Columbus, 
December,  191 5,  Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  general  secre- 
tary, presented  a  resume  of  the  report  of  the  committee  of 
one  hundred  for  Religious  Work  at  the  Panama-Pacific 
Exposition : 

It  was 

Voted,  To  receive  and  approve  the  same,  and  the  general 
secretary  was  instructed  to  send  a  letter  of  appreciation  to  the 
Committee  for  its  services. 

This  report  is  contained  in  full  in  the  volume  of  1915 
reports. 

THE  MORAL  TONE 
OF  THE  PANAMA-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION 

The  following  action,  presented  by  the  business  committee. 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  111 

was  taken  by  the  Executive  Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Balti- 
more, December,  1913: 

Resolved,  That  the  secretary  of  the  Council  be  instructed  to  con- 
tinue the  securing  of  memorials  from  constituent  bodies  and  local 
conferences,  and  the  forwarding  of  them  to  the  mayor  of  San 
Francisco  and  the  Panama  Exposition  authorities,  urging  the  neces- 
sity for  maintaining  the  high  moral  tone  which  we  are  assured 
by  these  officials  is  being  sought  by  them,  by  constant  and  watchful 
action  to  prevent  the  misuse  of  the  occasion  by  commercialized  in- 
iquity. 

The  Executive  Committee  approved  the  following  recom- 
mendation of  the  business  committee  at  its  meeting  in 
Richmond,  December,  1914: 

The  business  committee  recommends  that  the  Executive  Committee 
urge  upon  the  authorities  of  the  Panama  Exposition  the  adoption  of 
such  regulations  as  will  insure  the  observance  of  high  moral  standards, 
both  within  and  without  the  Exposition  grounds,  and  that  the  secre- 
tarial council  of  the  Commission  on  the  Church  and  Social  Service 
be  appointed  as  a  special  committee  to  represent  the  Federal  Council 
in  securing  such  result,  this  committee  to  submit  proposals  as  to  all 
important  actions  for  the  approval  of  the  administrative  committee. 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  March  11,  1915,  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  1915: 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  general  secretary  be  instructed  to  unite  with  the 
Young  Women's  Christian  Association  in  sending  out  a  circular  letter 
calling  the  attention  of  the  young  women  of  the  country  to  the  con- 
ditions at  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposition  and  warning  them  against  the 
attempt  to  secure  employment  at  the  said  Exposition. 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  September  16,  1915,  and  was  approved  by  the 
Executive  Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December, 

Secretary  Macfarland  presented  the  matter  of  the  Panama-Pacific 
Exposition,  stating  that  neither  the  Exposition  nor  the  San  Francisco 
city  authorities  have  kept  faith  as  to  the  moral  tone  of  the  Exposition, 
reading  an  abstract  of  an  article  given  out  to  the  public  press  by 
Mr.  Bascora  Johnson  for  the  American  Social  Hygiene  Association. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  general  secretary  prepare  a  letter  signed  by  the 
president  of  the  Federal  Council  and  the  chairmen  of  the  Executive 


112  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

and  Administrative  Committees,  to  be  conveyed  to  the  authorities  of  the 
Exposition  and  of  the  city  of  San  Francisco,  after  submitting  it  for 
approval  to  tlie  local  committee  of  one  hundred. 

TWO  HUNDREDTH   ANNIVERSARY   OF 
GEORGE  WHITEFIELD 

At  the  Baltimore  meeting,  December,  191 3,  the  following 
report  of  the  special  committee  on  the  Commemoration  of  the 
Two-Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  birth  of  George  White- 
field  was  adopted: 

To  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Federal  Council: 
Dear  Brethren: 

The  committee  appointed  upon  the  subject  of  the  two-hundredth 
anniversary  of  the  birth  of  George  Whitefield  respectfully  presents 
its  report  as  follows : 

It  is  appropriate  to  present  concisely  certain  features  of  the 
life  of  Whitefield.  He  was  born  at  Gloucester,  England,  Decem- 
ber 16,  1714,  and  died  at  Newburyport,  Massachusetts,  September 
30,  1770.  Entering  Pembroke  College,  Oxford  University,  he  be- 
came associated  there  with  the  Wesleys,  joined  the  Holy  Club,  and 
was  the  first  of  the  members  to  profess  conversion.  He  cooperated 
at  first  with  the  Wesleys  both  in  Great  Britain  and  America  in 
evangelistic  work,  but  differing  from  them  doctrinally,  he  with- 
drew from  their  company  about  1740,  but  the  friendship  between 
them  never  ceased.  As  an  evangelist  he  laid  great  stress  in  his 
preaching  upon  the  doctrines  of  the  new  birth,  of  justification  by 
faith,  and  of  sovereign  grace.  His  first  notable  evangelistic  mis- 
sion was  conducted  at  Bristol,  England,  where  his  audience  num- 
bered from  10,000  to  20,000,  and  where  he  initiated  open-air 
preaching  services.  His  labors  were  characterized  by  unabated 
zeal  and  efficiency,  and  he  often  preached  forty  to  sixty  hours  in 
a  week.  From  1744  to  1748  he  was  in  America  and  was  instru- 
mental in  promoting  to  a  remarkable  degree  the  cause  of  evangelical 
religion  in  the  Colonies.  In  England  his  chief  friend  was  Lady 
Huntington,  who  made  him  one  of  her  chaplains  and  built  and 
endowed  chapels  for  him  in  many  places.  His  visits  to  the 
American  colonies  were  seven  in  number,  and  his  relations  were 
most  intimate  with  the  Presbyterians.  He  founded  the  Old  South 
Church  at  Newburyport,  Massachusetts,  as  a  Presbyterian  Church, 
and  is  buried  in  the  edifice.  It  is  said  of  him  that  "his  confidence 
in  his  doctrines  was  absolute,  his  sincerity  unquestionable,  his 
courage  unchecked  by  thoughts  of   self,  his  evangelical  zeal  as 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  113 

firm  and  fiery  as  that  of  any  primitive  apostle,  his  voice  a  marvel- 
ous organ,  and  his  temperament  sympathetic,  impetuous,  and 
ardent."  The  combination  of  these  qualities  made  him  the  most 
magnetic  and  powerful  preacher  of  the  eighteenth  century.  Though 
no  denomination  bears  his  name,  his  converts  were  tens  of 
thousands  and  his  memory  is  cherished  by  millions. 

John  Wesley,  when  preaching  Whitefield's  memorial  sermon 
at  the  Tabernacle,  London,  on  Nov.  18,  1770,  thus  referred  to  his 
friend's  devoted  ministry:  "I  may  close  with  observing  what  an 
honor  it  pleased  God  to  put  upon  his  faithful  servant,  by  allowing 
him  to  declare  his  everlasting  gospel  in  so  many  various  countries, 
to  such  numbers  of  people,  and  with  so  great  an  effect  on  so  many 
of  their  precious  souls.  Have  we  read  or  heard  of  any  person 
since  the  Apostles,  who  testified  the  gospel  of  the  grace  of  God 
through  so  v/ide  a  space,  through  so  large  a  part  of  the  habitable 
world?  Have  we  read  or  heard  of  any  person  who  called  so  many 
thousands,  so  many  myriads  of  sinners  to  repentance?  Above  all 
have  we  read  or  heard  of  any  person  who  has  been  a  blessed  in- 
strument in  the  hand  of  God  of  bringing  so  many  sinners  'from 
darkness  to  light,  and  from  the  power  of  Satan  unto  God?'" 

It  is  recommend  that  the  whole  subject  of  an  appropriate  com- 
memoration of  the  life  and  work  of  this  distinguished  servant  of 
Christ  be  referred  to  the  Commission  on  Evangelism,  with  full 
power  to  act  in  its  discretion. 

(Signed) 

William  H.  Roberts 
Charles  S.  Macfarland 

FIVE-HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY  OF  JOHN  HUSS 

The  Executive  Committee  approved  the  following  recorrr- 
mendation  of  the  business  committee  at  its  meeting  in 
Richmond,  December,  1914: 

The  business  committee  recommends  that  we  approve  the  celebra- 
tion of  the  five-hundredth  anniversary  of  the  martyrdom  of  John 
Huss,  and  that  this  action  be  conveyed  to  the  constituent  bodies  of  the 
Federal  Council, 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  March  11,  191 5,  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  191 5: 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  general  secretary  be  instructed  to  call  the  attention 
of  the  several  constituent  bodies  and  local  federations  to  the  proposed 


114  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

anniversary  of  John  Huss,  and  ask  them  to  take  the  initiative  in  this 
matter. 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  March  29,  19 15,  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  191 5: 

The  matter  of  the  John  Huss  celebration  was  presented  by  the 
general  secretary. 

It  was 

Voted,  To  authorize  the  general  secretary  in  conference  with  Dr. 
William  H.  Roberts  and  Dr.  Paul  de  Schweinitz  to  send  out  to  the 
constituent  bodies  specific  suggestions  for  this  celebration. 

QUADRI-CENTENNIAL  OF  THE  PROTESTANT 
REFORMATION 

The  Executive  Committee  approved  the  following  recom- 
mendation of  the  business  committee  at  its  meeting  in 
Richmond,  December,  1914: 

Resolved,  That  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ 
in  America  recommends  to  its  constituent  bodies  the  celebration  of  the 
four-hundredth  anniversary  of  the  Protestant  Reformation  on  the 
thirty-first  day  of  October,  1917,  in  commemoration  of  the  nailing  of 
the  theses  by  Martin  Luther  on  the  door  of  the  Castle  Church  at 
Wittenberg. 

The  following  action  was  taken  by  the  administrative 
committee  at  its  meeting  on  June  8,  1916: 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  general  secretary  correspond  with  the  constituent 
bodies  relative  to  their  appointment  of  committees  to  cooperate  with 
the  Federal  Council  on  the  quadri-centennial  of  the  Protestant  Re- 
formation. 

RELATIONS  WITH  OTHER  BODIES 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  April  9,  1914,  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Richmond,  December,  1914: 

Secretary  Macfarland  read  a  letter  dated  March  10,  1914,  signed 
by  Fred  P.  Haggard,  home  secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Foreign 
Mission  Society,  stating  that  the  society  would  commemorate  the  one- 
hundredth  anniversary  of  its  history  by  a  Judson  Centennial  celebra- 
tion to  be  held  in  Tremont  Temple  in  the  city  of  Boston,  June  24-25, 
1914;  that  the  afternoon  of  June  25  had  been  set  apart  for  receiving  the 
formal  greetings  of  other  missionary  bodies,  and  requesting  the  Fed- 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  IIS 

eral  Council  to  be  represented  by  a  delegate  whom  they  would  be 
pleased  to  welcome  and  recognize  during  all  the  sessions  of  the  Judson 
Centennial  celebration. 

Voted,  That  the  secretary  be  requested  to  prepare  a  suitable  com- 
munication from  the  Council  to  send  to  Dr.  Haggard,  and  that  Dr. 
Lawson  be  chosen  as  our  representative  to  the  Judson  Centennial 
celebration. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  in  Columbus, 
December,  191 5,  the  business  committee  was  instructed  to 
prepare  a  congratulatory  message  for  the  American  Bible 
Society  on  the  occasion  of  its  one-hundredth  anniversary. 

The  following  message,  presented  by  the  business  com- 
mittee, was  adopted: 

The  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America  ex- 
tends cordial  congratulations  to  the  American  Bible  Society  on  its 
approaching  centennial.  Created  as  one  of  the  earliest  federated 
movements  by  the  churches  of  America  a  hundred  years  ago,  it  has 
served  the  republic  and  the  far-mission  lands  of  the  earth  with  a  single 
purpose.  We  hope  that  its  centennial  celebration  may  everywhere  exalt 
the  Holy  Spirit  as  the  Word  of  Life  for  individuals  and  nations. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  administrative  committee,  held  April 
13,  1916,  Secretary  Macfarland  presented  an  invitation  to 
attend  the  Hebrew  Christian  Alliance  of  America  at  their  next 
annual  meeting  in  Philadelphia  on  May  25. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  we  accept  the  same,  and  ask  members  of  our  com- 
missions and  committees  living  in  Philadelphia  to  attend  the  above 
meeting. 

The  following  action  was  taken  by  the  administrative 
committee  at  its  meeting  on  September  14,  1916: 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  invitation  of  Bangor  Theological  Seminary  to 
send  a  delegate  to  the  one-hundredth  anniversary  of  the  founding  of 
the  seminary  be  accepted,  and  that  Rev.  Arthur  S.  Phelps  be  requested 
to  represent  the  Council  on  that  occasion. 

INTERNATIONAL  RELATIONS 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  January  23,  1914;  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Richmond,  December,  1914: 

That  in  response  to  the  recommendation  of  Rev.  J.  B.  Remen- 
snyder,  the  chairman  of  the  Commission  on   Peace  and  Arbitration, 


116  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

the  secretary  of  the  Federal  Council  and  the  secretary  of  the  Com- 
mission on  Peace  and  Arbitration  be  authorized  to  participate  in 
negotiations  relative  to  a  world-wide  movement  for  international 
peace,  in  association  with  the  various  church  bodies  of  America  and 
other  nations,  and  to  report  the  plans  and  progress  of  the  movement  to 
the  administrative  committee. 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  June  ii,  1914,  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Richmond,  December,  1914: 

Voted,  That  in  response  to  the  request  from  the  Federal  Council 
Commission  on  Peace  and  Arbitration,  the  administrative  committee 
approves  the  joint  plans  of  the  Church  Peace  Union  of  America  and 
the  associated  councils  of  churches  in  the  British  and  German  Empires 
for  a  congress  on  international  peace  to  be  held  at  Constance,  Germany, 
August  2-5,  1914,  of  whose  committee  of  arrangements  the  secretary 
of  the  Federal  Council  is  a  member. 

That  the  secretary  of  the  Council,  Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland, 
and  the  representative  of  the  Commission  on  Relations  with  Japan, 
Rev.  Sidney  L.  Gulick,  be  elected  as  delegates  to  the  congress,  and 
that  the  treasurer,  Mr.  Alfred  R.  Kimball,  be  authorized  to  secure 
and  receive  appropriations  which  have  been  tendered  to  cover  the 
traveling  expenses  of  these  two  representatives. 

A  large  number  of  other  delegates  was  also  elected. 

Voted,  That  these  delegates  be  requested  to  have  a  meeting  at  the 
close  of  the  congress  and  prepare  a  report  to  be  submitted  to  the  Com- 
mission on  Peace  and  Arbitration  and  to  the  Federal  Council, 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  September  14,  1914,  and  was  approved  by  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Richmond,  December,  1914: 

Voted,  That  the  secretary  send  to  President  Wilson  an  expression 
of  appreciation  of  his  response  to  the  request  of  the  Federal  Council 
relative  to  the  appointment  of  the  Day  of  Prayer,  October  4,  1914. 

The  following  were  appointed  as  a  committee  to  prepare  a  call  to 
the  churches  for  the  Day  of  Prayer,  October  4;  Doctors  Strong,  Lynch, 
Carroll,  Lawson,  and  the  secretary. 

The  Executive  Committee  approved  the  following  recom- 
mendations of  the  business  committee  at  its  meeting  in 
Richmond,  December,  1914: 

The  business  committee  recommends  that  the  matter  of  a  world 
congress  be  referred  to  the  administrative  committee,  who  shall  bring 
the  subject  to  the  attention  of  the  several  ecumenical  church  organiza- 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  117 

tions  and  to  the  constituent  bodies  of  the  Federal  Council,  report  to 
be  made  to  the  next  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee. 

The  business  committee  presents  the  following  resolution: 

Whereas,  The  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America 
is  profoundly  affected  by  the  burden  of  suffering  of  our  Christian 
brethren  among  the  European  nations,  now  unhappily  at  war,  the 
Council  desires  most  earnestly  that  our  European  brethren  should  know 
of  our  sympathy  and  prayers  and  our  earnest  desire  to  be  of  help  as  the 
way  may  open;  therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  matter  of  our  relations  with  the  churches  of 
Europe  be  referred  to  the  administrative  committee  with  power,  es- 
pecially the  question  of  communicating  to  them  the  Christian  sympathy 
and  love  of  the  Christian  churches  of  America. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  in  Richmond, 
December,  1914,  the  following  resolution,  presented  by  Bishop 
Luther  B.  Wilson,  was  unanimously  adopted : 

Resolved,  That,  as  representatives  of  the  Christian  churches  of 
America,  we  desire  to  express  our  profound  sympathy  with  and  our 
prayer  for  God's  ancient  people,  who  throughout  the  earth  are  enduring 
peculiar  privations  and  sufferings  as  the  result  of  the  present  war. 

We  recommend  to  our  churches  such  practical  expressions  of  their 
sympathy  as  shall  help  in  the  relief  of  their  suffering,  and  we  pledge 
our  advocacy  to  the  cause  of  our  Hebrew  brethren  as  they  seek  for 
just  and  equal  consideration  by  all  governments. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  in  Richmond, 
December,  1914,  the  report  of  the  delegates  to  the  International 
Church  Peace  Conference  in  Europe  presented  by  Dr.  Mac- 
farland  was  received  and  approved. 

The  report  of  the  American  church  committee  on  Peace 
Centenary,  presented  by  Rev.  Henry  K.  Carroll,  was  received 
and  approved. 

These  reports  are  contained  in  full  in  the  volume  of  reports 
for  1914. 

The  Executive  Committee  approved  the  following  recom- 
mendation of  the  business  committee  at  its  meeting  in  Rich- 
mond, December,  1914: 

The  business  committee  recommends  the  adoption  and  approval  of 
the  following  statement  from  the  Commission  on  Peace  and  Arbitra- 
tion: 
To  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Federal  Council: 

The  following  action  was  taken  on  December  1  by  the  Com- 
mission on  Peace  and  Arbitration: 


118  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

(1)  The  commission  commends  the  general  proposition  of 
Rev.  Sidney  L.  Gulick,  representative  on  international  relations, 
as  set  forth  in  his  manuscript  proposed  for  publication  on  the 
peace  work  of  the  churches. 

(2)  The  commission  recommends  that  the  Protestant 
churches  of  America  be  organized  for  active  participation  in  a 
constructive  program   for  world  peace. 

(3)  The  commission  urges  that  the  general  principles  of 
the  peace  program  demanded  by  those  who  believe  in  the  king- 
dom of  God  are  the  application  of  the  golden  rule  to  inter- 
national relations,  care  in  the  preparation  of  just  treaties,  and 
the  faithful  observance  of  both  the  letter  and  the  spirit  of  those 
treaties. 

(4)  The  commission  recommends  to  the  Protestant  churches 
of  America  the  following  general  form  of  organization  for  par- 
ticipation in  the  peace  movement: 

(a)  A  Church  Peace  League  in  every  community,  and 
when   practicable   a   peace   committee   in  the  local   church. 

(b)  The  Church  Peace  Leagues  to  be  affiliated  with 
the  Commission  on  Peace  and  Arbitration  of  the  Federal 
Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America. 

(5)  That  the  Church  Peace  Union  be  requested  to  recom- 
mend to  suitable  representatives  of  other  religious  bodies  the 
organization  of  similar  movements. 

(6)  That  the  coordination  and  common  activities  of  any 
and  all  organizations  be  effected  in  and  through  the  Church 
Peace  Union. 

(7)  That  these  recommendations  be  conveyed  to  the  Ex- 
ecutive Committee  of  the  Federal  Council  and  to  the  Church 
Peace  Union. 

(8)  That  the  Church  Peace  Union  be  requested  to  take 
action  approving  this  general  policy  and  program  and  offer  its 
cooperation  to  this  commission  in  carrying  it  out. 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  March  29,  191 5,  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  1915: 

The  special  object  of  this  meeting  was  presented  by  the  general 
secretary,  who  read  on  behalf  of  the  committee  on  correspondence 
with  representatives  of  the  churches  in  Europe,  extracts  from  letters 
which  had  been  received  from  leading  representatives,  after  which  Dr. 
Mott  addressed  the  conference  on  the  sending  of  a  special  deputation 
to  the  churches  of  Europe  at  this  time. 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  119 

After  a  full  discussion, 

It  was 

Voted,  That  it  is  not  deemed  expedient,  under  present  conditions, 
to  send  at  this  time  a  deputation  from  the  Federal  Council  to  the 
churches  of  Europe. 

The  following  resolution  was  presented  by  Dr.  Grose,  and  after 
discussion  of  the  same,  was  unanimously  adopted: 

Resolved,  That  a  special  committee  of  five  be  appointed  to  prepare 
or  secure  the  preparation  of  a  pronouncement  of  the  Federal  Council 
on  Christianity  and  War,  the  same  to  be  directed  to  the  people  of  the 
United  States;  and  to  report  such  pronouncement,  when  prepared,  to 
the  administrative  committee  for  its  approval. 

The  chairman  appointed  as  the  committee:  Howard  B.  Grose, 
Philip  S.  Moxom,  Luther  B.  Wilson,  Frederick  Lynch,  and  Charles 
S.  Macfarland  (ex  officio). 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  February  ii,  191 5,  and  was  approved  by  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  1915 : 

Secretary  Macfarland  introduced  to  the  committee  Mr.  Robert 
J.  Kendall,  who  represented  Rev.  Stuart  L.  Roussel,  the  official  repre- 
sentative of  the  Evangelical  Reformed  Churches  of  France,  who  ad- 
dressed the  committee  on  the  Evangelical  Reformed  Churches  of 
France  and  their  needs. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  administrative  committee  extend  to  Pastor  Roussel 
and  his  committee  hospitality  and  temporary  office-room  for  their  work 
at  the  national  headquarters,  and  that  the  general  secretary  be 
instructed  to  issue  a  letter  to  Pastor  "Roussel,  acknowledging  his 
credentials  and  expressing  our  sympathy  with  the  Evangelical  Re- 
formed Churches  of  France. 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  September  16,  191 5,  and  was  approved  by  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  191 5: 

In  regard  to  the  matter  of  representatives  of  foreign  church  bodies. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  we  extend  to  the  properly  accredited  delegates  of  the 
evangelical  churches  of  Europe  the  same  courtesies  and  hospitality 
formerly  extended  to  Pastor  Roussel. 

The  following  action  was  taken  by  the  administrative 
committee  at  its  meeting  on  February  i,  1916: 


120 


THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 


Voted,  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  by  the  chairman 
to  confer  with  Pastor  Henri  Anet  and  to  assist  him  in  his  work  in 
behalf  of  the  Franco-Belgian  Evangelization  committee. 

The  chairman  appointed  Dr.  Brown,  Dr.  Lord,  and  Dr.  Lawson. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  adminstrative  committee,  held  in  New 
York,  March  6,  1916,  Secretary  Macfarland  presented  the 
following  report  of  the  special  committee  on  the  Franco- 
Belgian  Evangelization  committee: 

REPORT  OF   SPECIAL   COMMITTEE  ON    THE 
FRANCO-BELGIAN  EVANGELIZATION  COMMITTEE 

Your  committee  recommends  that  Mr.  William  Jay  Schieffelln 
be  requested  to  serve  as  temporary  chairman  of  a  temporary  com- 
mittee which  shall  be  composed  of  the  following,  with  power  to  add 
to  its  number  such  members  of  the  original  Franco-Belgian  Evangeli- 
zation committee  as  may  be  deemed  advisable  and  also  such  other 
members  as  the  committee  may  select,  to  form  a  permanent  committee : 

William  Jay  Schieffelin,  Chairman 


Rev.  Rivington  D.  Lord 

Rev.  Albert  G.  Lawson 

Rev.  Arthur  J.  Brown 

Rev.  Frank  Mason  North 

Rev.  William  I.  Haven 

Robert  E.  Speer 

Rev.  Nehemiah  Boynton 

Rev.  Henry  Sloane  Coffin 

R.   Fulton   Cutting 

W.  F.  Morgan 

Talcott  Williams 

Rev.  John  Henry  Jowett 

Myron  T.  Herrick 

Rev.  Maitland  Alexander 

Rt.  Rev.  David  H.  Greer 

Rev.  David  James  Burrell 

Rev.  Cornelius  Woelfkin 

Albert  Shaw 

Rev.  Lyman  Abbott 


John  Wanamaker 
Rev.  W.  H.  Roberts 
Alba  B.  Johnson 
Rev.  Charles  A.  Eaton 
Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland 
Bishop  Luther  B.  Wilson 
William  Phillips  Hall 
Rev.  A.  V.  Wittmeyer 
Rev.  Paul  D.  Elsesser 
Rt.    Rev.  Charles  S.  Burch 
President  John  Grier  Hibben 
Bishop  W.  R.  Lambuth 
Rt.  Rev.  William  Lawrence 
Lawson  Purdy 
Rt.  Rev.  P.  M.  Rhinelander 
Robert  J.  Rendall 
Edmond  E.  Robert 
Rev.  J.  Ross  Stevenson 
E.  Twyeffort 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  121 

Your  committee  recommends  that  the  above  committee,  while  act- 
ing as  an  independent  committee,  may,  if  desired,  add  to  its  name 
"appointed  by  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in 
America,"  and  that  the  committee  be  authorized  to  arrange  its  head- 
quarters in  connection  with  the  office  of  the  Federal  Council,  so  far 
as  the  facilities  permit. 

RiviNGTON  D.  Lord 
Arthur  J.  Brown 
Albert  G.  Lawson 

Committee 

It  was 

Voted,  To  adopt  the  report. 
At  the  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  in  Columbus, 
December,  191 5,  the  business  committee  reported  the  following 
resolution,  which  was  adopted. 

Whereas,  The  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in 
America  is  profoundly  affected  by  the  burden  of  suffering  of  our 
brethren  among  the  European  nations,  now  unhappily  at  war,  the 
Council  desires  most  earnestly  that  our  European  brethren  should  know 
of  our  sympathy  and  prayers,  and  our  earnest  desire  to  be  of  help 
as  the  way  may  open;  therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  matter  of  our  relations  with  the  churches  of 
Europe  be  referred  to  the  administrative  committee,  with  power,  es- 
pecially the  question  of  communicating  to  them  the  Christian  sympathy 
and  love  of  the  Christian  Churches  of  America. 

The  following  action  was  taken  by  the  administrative  com- 
mittee at  its  meeting  on  February  i,  1916: 

Secretary  Macfarland  presented  a  confidential  report  of  his  recent 
mission  to  Europe. 

Voted,  To  receive  the  same,  and  that  it  be  made  a  special  order 
of  business  at  the  next  regular  meeting  of  the  administrative  committee. 

The  following  action  was  taken  by  the  administrative  com- 
mittee at  its  meeting  on  February  10,  1916: 

The  special  order  of  business,  the  report  of  Dr.  Macfarland,  was 
next  taken  under  consideration. 

After  careful  discussion. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  whole  matter  be  referred  to  a  special  committee 
with  power,  consisting  of  Dr.  Lawson,  Dr.  Haven,  Dr.  North,  and 
Mr.  Glenn,  in   consultation  with   Secretary  Macfarland. 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  at  its  meeting  on  March  6,  1916: 


122  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  special  committee,  already  appointed  by  the  chair- 
man, be  directed  to  confer  with  the  general  secretary  in  the  preparation 
of  a  personal  report  of  his  visit  abroad,  and  also  that  the  committee 
be  authorized  in  the  name  of  the  Federal  Council  to  issue  a  statement 
of  the  secretary's  visit  and  an  expression  of  sympathy  and  the  attitude 
of   the    Protestant   churches. 

The  following  message  was  issued : 

April  1,  1916. 
To  the  Constituent  Bodies  of  the  Federal  Council 
of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America: 

The  general  secretary  of  the  Federal  Council,  without  formal 
action,  but  with  the  approval  and  advice  of  the  officers  of  the  Coun- 
cil, has  recently  visited  representative  Christian  leaders  at  The 
Hague,  Berlin,  Bern,  Paris,  and  London. 

He  has  made  a  confidential  report  to  the  administrative  com- 
mittee containing  significant  and  striking  information  concerning 
political  as  well  as  religious  conditions,  which  it  does  not  seem  ad- 
visable to  make  public  at  this  time,  but  upon  which  important 
recommendations  have  been  approved  by  the  committee. 

Dr.  Macfarland  met  many  Christian  leaders  in  the  belligerent 
countries  in  thoughtful  private  conferences,  interviewed  for  pur- 
poses of  personal  information  leaders  in  the  affairs  of  state  and 
influential  publicists,  and  held  group  conferences  of  unofficial  repre- 
sentatives of  the  various  Protestant  bodies. 

His  visit,  which  was  the  result  of  correspondence  with  repre- 
sentatives of  the  Christian  churches  throughout  the  entire  period 
of  the  war,  was  for  the  purpose  of  information  and  understanding, 
to  preserve  and  maintain  closely  our  relationships  with  the  churches 
of  these  nations,  looking  forward  to  the  help  which  our  American 
churches  might  give  in  the  ultimate  process  of  reconciliation  and 
reconstruction.  His  distinctively  spiritual  mission  found  access 
and  secured  a  hearing,  which  would  not  have  been  possible  to  a 
mission  with  any  other  motive.  The  leaders  whom  he  met  shared, 
in  greater  or  less  degree,  the  feeling  that  the  churches  have  failed 
to  rise  above  the  turmoil  and  distractions  of  the  moment  and  have 
not  fully  realized  their  spiritual  mission  to  the  world.  The  hope  was 
expressed  that  even  in  the  midst  of  the  war  they  might  rise  into 
a  higher  atmosphere  and  help  to  find  for  the  nations  their  lost  way. 
There  appeared  an  increasing  consciousness  that  we  ought  now  fo 
look  forward  to  the  task  of  spiritual  reconstruction. 

Dr.  Macfarland  was  warmly  received  by  these  brethren  in  air 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  123 

the  countries  visited,  and  we  believe  that  his  visit  has  established 
points  of  contact  and  relationships  which  will  give  us  great  oppor- 
tunity in  the  coming  days.  He  encountered  no  difficulties,  and  his 
mission  maintained  throughout  an  atmosphere  of  spiritual  fellow- 
ship. 

The  conferences  were  generally  characterized  both  by  frank- 
ness and  good  feeling.  While  thoughtful  Christians  by  no  means 
yielded  their  political  contentions  and  earnestly  maintained  their 
conscientious  convictions  of  the  justness  of  their  cause,  and  while 
much  bitterness  and  sense  of  wrong  still  prevails,  the  conferences 
were  characterized  by  simplicity,  were  on  the  higher  level  of  spirit- 
ual feeling  and  the  wish  for  a  new  spirit  of  reconciliation  waa» 
often  expressed.  The  desire  that  the  American  churches  should 
cultivate  the  situation  created  by  his  visit  was  general  and  we  have 
since  received  expressions  of  hope  that  it  might  be  repeated. 

"Our  Christian  Churches  in  all  lands,  and  especially  our  own, 
which  has  less  excuse,  have  as  yet  failed  to  rise  to  the  great  occasion 
and  opportunity  before  them,  have  lost  sight  of  their  distinctive 
spiritual  mission,  and  have  themselves  been  drawn  into  the  vortex 
of  a  seething  civilization. 

"Our  Christian  leaders  all  proclaim  that  they  seek  peace  with 
justice,  but  has  not  the  Christian  church  a  contribution  to  make 
towards  this  end,  without  losing  her  own  distinctive  spiritual  mis- 
sion, and  without  losing  her  spirit  of  reconciliation? 

"The  churches  of  the  neutral  nations  have  all  assumed  an  im- 
potent neutrality,  and  in  our  own  land  been  content  with  individual 
and  limited  judgments,  losing  sight  of  their  task  to  save  the  world 
through  the  reconciling  of  men  one  to  another  in  Jesus  Christ 

"We  must  recognize  that  there  are  moments  in  the  life  of 
nations  as  with  individuals,  when  the  soul  of  the  nation  in  the 
inviolable  solitude  of  its  own  personality  stands  face  to  face  with 
the  divine  reality,  and  no  other  nation  may  intrude  beyond  the  veil 
into  the  Holy  of  Holies.  And  yet  human  help,  delicately  and  re- 
servedly and  humbly  offered,  may  assist  human  beings  to  answer 
the  questions  of  their  own  souls. 

"We  may  ourselves  believe  and  ask  our  Christian  brethren  of 
the  nations  to  believe  the  best  they  can  of  one  another.  We  may, 
by  admitting  our  own  share  of  blame  for  an  unchristian  civiliza- 
tion, suggest,  without  offense,  the  wider  distribution  of  that  blame. 

"We  may,  without  intruding  upon  men's  consciences,  in  the 
spirit  of  the  publican,  find  ways  of  suggesting  that  peace  and 
justice  will  both  be  approached  by  the  churches,  and  especially  the 


'124  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

responsible  Christian  leaders  of  all  nations,  rising  above  the  conflict 
(even  though  led  in  it  by  conscience)  into  a  higher  spiritual  atmo- 
sphere." 

Our  general  secretary,  in  his  report  confesses  to  a  great  spirit- 
ual experience  as  the  result  of  his  prayer  and  conference  with  these 
beloved  brethren,  to  a  deep  feeling  of  humility,  to  a  greater  sense  of 
the  limitations  of  his  own  human  knowledge  and  understanding, 
and,  above  all,  to  a  deeper  faith  in  the  Christians  of  all  these  lands, 
because  he  has  come  so  much  nearer  seeing  their  hearts  than  they 
do  to  seeing  each  other's  hearts. 

He  finds  that  misinformation  and  misunderstanding  play  no 
small  part  in  the  estrangement  of  our  Christian  brethren  in  all 
lands. 

He  feels  that  despite  all  mutterings  and  complaints,  all  these 
peoples  are  really  looking  or  will  look  to  America  for  light,  but  that 
whether  or  not  political  differences  hinder  America's  official  op- 
portunity, there  is  nothing  in  the  way  of  attempting  a  great  work 
of  reconciliation  by  the  churches  of  Christ  in  America  with  the 
churches  of  Christ  in  Europe 

We  believe  that  the  example  of  this  visit  might  be  followed 
by  representative  leaders  of  some  of  our  constituent  bodies  who 
have  organic  or  fraternal  relationships  in  European  countries,  if 
carried  out,  as  was  this,  in  a  quiet  and  simple  way  without  pub- 
licity and  as  a  distinctively  religious  mission. 

We  gather  from  Dr.  Macfarland's  report  that  the  time  has  not 
yet  come  for  anything  approaching  political  intervention,  but  that 
we  are  to  prepare  ourselves  for  the  work  of  reconciliation  and 
reconstruction. 

The  most  emphatic  of  the  recommendations  is  that  we  should 
many  times  multiply  our  relief  work,  not  only  because  this  is  our 
strongest  asset  of  moral  influence  in  Europe,  but  because  it  is  our 
Christian  duty,  and  we  have  therefore,  initiated  movements  to 
this  end. 

It  is  further  proposed  that  the  Federal  Council  shall  enter 
into  conference  with  the  various  interdenominational  and  inter- 
national movements  looking  toward  cooperation  in  the  interest  of 
effective  reconstruction,  including,  perhaps,  preparations  for  a  con- 
ference of  the  evangelical  churches  when  the  time  shall  come  for  it. 

We  believe  that  when  the  time  shall  come  for  a  completer  pres- 
entation of  this  report,  our  constituent  bodies  will  agree  that  thd 
Federal  Council,  as  representing  them,  should  exercise  its  oppor- 
tunity for  reconciliation,  and  in  the  light  of  this  message  we  invite 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  125 

all  our  constituent  bodies  to  give  their  approval  to  the  action  of  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  Council  at  Columbus,  as  follows: 

WHEREAS,  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ 
in  America  is  profoundly  affected  by  the  burden  of  suffering 
of  our  Christian  brethren  among  the  European  nations,  now 
unhappily  at  war,  the  Council  desires  most  earnestly  that  our 
European  brethren  should  know  of  our  sympathy  and  prayers, 
and  our  earnest  desire  to  be  of  help  as  the  way  may  open; 
therefore,  be  it 

RESOLVED,  that  the  matter  of  our  relations  with  the 
churches  of  Europe  be  referred  to  the  administrative  committee, 
with  power,  especially  the  question  of  communicating  to  them 
the  Christian  sympathy  and  love  of  the  Christian  churches  of 
America. 
Respectfully  submitted,  for  the  administrative  committee, 

WILLIAM  INGRAHAM  HAVEN 

Chairman 
John  M.  Glenn  Shailer  Mathews 

Howard  B.  Grose  Rufus  W.  Miller 

Finis  S.  Idleman  John  R.  Mott 

Alfred  R.  Kimball  Frank  Mason  North 

Albert  G.  Lawson  E.  E.  Olcott 

J.  Edgar  Leaycraft  William  H.  Roberts 

Rivington  D.  Lord  Alexander  Walters 

COMMISSION  ON  RELATIONS  WITH  JAPAN 

The  following  action,  presented  by  the  business  committee, 
was  taken  by  the  Executive  Committee  at  its  meeting  in 
Baltimore,  December,  1913,  in  response  to  various  memorials 
received  from  missionaries  in  Japan : 

We  recommend  that  the  chairmen  of  the  Commissions  on  Peace 
and  Arbitration  and  on  Foreign  Missions  be  requested  to  appoint 
nine  members  of  their  respective  commissions,  who,  together  with  them, 
will  act  with  the  administrative  committee  as  a  preliminary  commission 
to  consider  the  overture  from  the  missionaries  in  Japan  and  make  a 
report  to  the  Executive  Committee. 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  January  23,  1914,  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Richmond,  December,  1914: 

That,  in  response  to  the  recommendation  of  Robert  E.  Speer,  the 
chairman  of  the  Commission  on  Foreign  Missions,  the  secretary 
of  the  Federal  Council  be  empowered  to  act  for  the  Federal  Council 


126  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Commission  on  Foreign  Missions  in  arranging  a  nation-wide  hearing 
for  Rev.  Sidney  L.  Gulick  as  a  representative  of  Christian  missionaries 
in  Japan  relative  to  Eastern  Race  Relationships,  and  that  the  treasurer, 
Mr.  Kimball,  be  empowered  to  arrange  for  the  necessary  expenses 
of  Dr.  Gulick. 

The  following  action  of  the  joint  committee  on  Eastern 
Race  Relationships  was  taken  on  March  12,  19 14,  and  was 
approved  by  the  Executive  Committee  at  its  meeting  in 
Rilchmond,  December,  1914: 

It  was 

Voted,  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  by  the  chairman  to 
arrange  with  Dr.  Gulick  for  the  continuation  of  his  work  for  six 
months  or  a  year,  said  committee  to  provide  ways  and  means  and 
to  represent  the  joint  committee  in  securing  the  necessary  financial 
support  for  the  continuation  of  Dr.  Gulick's  work. 

The   chair  appointed  the   following  members: 
Robert  E.  Speer 
Rev.  Frank  Mason  North 
Rev.  Frederick  Lynch 

The  following  action  of  the  joint  committee  on  Eastern 
Race  Relationships  was  taken  on  April  17,  1914,  and  was 
approved  by  the  Executive  Committee  at  its  meeting  in 
Richmond,  December,  1914: 

A  resolution  of  the  Special  Committee  of  Five  was  adopted  as  fol- 
lows: 

Resolved,  That  in  response  to  the  memorials  of  bodies  of 
missionaries  in  Japan,  submitted  to  the  Federal  Council,  there 
be  appointed  on  behalf  of  the  Federal  Council,  a  commission  of 
nine,  whose  general  scope  of  service  shall  be  to  study  the  en- 
tire question  of  the  application  of  the  teachings  of  Christ  to 
our  relations  with  Japan,  and  to  promote  such  influences  and 
activities  as  shall  lead  to  the  right  relationships  between  the 
peoples  of  these  two  nations. 

Voted,  That  the  special  committee  of  Five  consisting  of  Rev.  Frank 
Mason  North,  Rev.  Albert  G.  Lawson,  Rev.  Frederick  Lynch,  John  R. 
Mott,  Robert  E.  Speer,  and  the  chairman  of  the  administrative  com- 
mittee, Rev.  William  I.  Haven,  be  a  committee  to  nominate  such  a 
commission,  to  report  back  to  this  joint  committee  at  a  meeting  to  be 
called  as  soon  as  they  are  ready  to  report  their  nominations. 

The  following  action  was  taken  relative  to  Items  Nos.  2  and  3  of 
the  report  of  the  secretary  of  the  Federal  Council  in  Bulletin  No.  12, 
dated  March  15: 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  127 

(2)  The  sending  of  an  ambassador  of  the  churches  to  con- 
vey a  message  to  the  Japanese  people  or  the  Eastern  peoples  in 
general,  from  the  Federal  Council,  as  representing  the  Christian  senti-. 
ment  of  America. 

(3)  An  invitation  to  some  representative  of  the  Japanese  people 
to  come  to  this  country  for  the  same  purpose. 

Voted,  That  the  recommendations  be  referred  to  the  commission 
above  provided  for,  with  the  recommendation  that  favorable  action  be 
taken  upon  them  and  that  the  commission  be  given  full  power  to  act 
in  these  matters. 

The  report  of  the  special  committee  of  three  was  approved,  au- 
thorizing the  engagement  of  Dr.  Gulick  up  to  January  1,  1915,  with 
the  understanding  that  the  time  be  extended  if  found  expedient  and 
providing  that  Dr.  Gulick's  arrangements  be  referred  to  the  Com- 
mission on  Relations  with  Japan  and  that  the  whole  matter  be  turned 
over  to  this  commission  for  future  procedure. 

Voted,  That  pending  the  appointment  of  the  commission,  the  sec- 
retary of  the  Federal  Council  be  authorized  to  continue  the  arrange- 
ments under  which  Dr.  Gulick  is  now  serving,  and  that  he  be  author- 
ized to  make  the  necessary  financial  and  other  provision  for  this 
work  until  such  time  as  it  shall  come  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
proposed  commission. 

Voted,  That  in  visiting  the  various  denominational  assemblies  the 
secretary  of  the  Federal  Council  acquaint  these  bodies  with  the  above 
actions. 

The  follow^ing  action  of  the  joint  committee  on  Eastern 
Race  Relationships  was  taken  on  April  30,  19 14,  and  was 
approved  by  the  Executive  Committee  at  its  meeting  in 
Richmond,  December,  19 14: 

The  following  report  of  the  nominating  committee  was  received 
and  adopted: 

Your  committee  recommends  that  the  Commission  on  Relations 
with  Japan  be  composed  of  nine  persons  to  be  added  to  the  present 
subcommittee,  the  latter  being  composed  of  official  representatives  of 
the  Federal  Council  administration.  This  would  make  a  full  commis- 
sion of  fifteen,  which  seems  necessary  in  order  to  include  full  repre- 
sentation of  the  interests  involved. 

We,  therefore,  nominate  as  the  full  commission  the  following: 

Rev,  Charles  R.  Brown,  Dean  of  Yale  University  School. 

Hon.  John  W.  Foster,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Rev.  William  I.  Haven,  Chairman  Administrative  Committee  of 
Federal  Council. 


12^  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Professor  Charles  R.  Henderson,  Chicago  University. 

Bishop  E.  R.  Hendrix,  Kansas  City,  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  South. 

Rev.  Albert  G.  Lawson,  Member  Administrative  Committee  of 
Federal  Council. 

Rev.  Frederick  Lynch,  Secretary  Church  Peace  Union. 

Bishop  Francis  J.  McConnell,  Denver,  Colorado,  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church. 

John  R.  Mott,  Secretary  World's  Student.  Christian  Federation. 

Rev.  Frank  Mason  North,  Chairman  Executive  Committee  of 
Federal  Council. 

George  Wharton  Pepper,  of  Philadelphia. 

Rev.  Doremus  Scudder,  Pastor  of  the  Union  Church,  Hono- 
lulu, Hav/aii. 

Robert  E.  Speer,  Chairman  Commission  on  Foreign  Missions 
of  the  Federal  Council. 

President  George  E.  Vincent,  University  of  Minnesota. 

Hon.  Amos  P.  Wilder,  recently  Consul  at  Shanghai,  China. 

Your  committee  recommends  that  the  commission  be  given  power 
to  add  to  its  number  or  to  make  substitutions  for  any  who  may  be 
unable  to  serve,  upon  approval  by  the  administrative  committee  of 
the  Federal  Council. 

The  Executive  Committee  approved  the  following  recom- 
mendation of  the  business  committee  at  its  meeting  in 
Richmond,  December,  1914: 

The  business  committee  recommends  that  the  Executive  Committee 
authorize  the  appointment  of  President  Shailer  Mathews  and  Rev. 
Sidney  L.  Gulick,  representative  of  the  Commission  on  Relations  with 
Japan,  as  a  special  deputation  to  the  Japanese  people,  or  to  the 
Eastern  peoples  in  general,  bearing  a  message  from  the  Federal  Council 
of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America  as  representing  the  Christian 
sentiment  of  America,  and  that  a  committee,  consisting  of  Bishop 
Luther  B.  Wilson,  Rev.  H.  C.  Herring,  Rev.  Howard  B.  Grose,  Rev. 
Alfred  Williams  Anthony  and  Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  be  ap- 
pointed as  a  committee  to  prepare  the  message. 

The  committee  appointed  to  prepare  the  message  to  Japan 
reported  through   the  chairman,   Bishop  Luther  B.   Wilson, 
presenting  the  following  message,  which  was  adopted: 
To  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  Japan,  Greeting: 

The  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America,  on 
behalf  of   its   thirty  constituent   denominations,   has   delegat'^d   two 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  129 

'of  our  most  honored  and  beloved  representatives,  to  convey  to  you  the 
,'assurance  of  our  love  unfeigned  and  of  our  prayers  in  your  behalf. 

Professor  Shailer  Mathews,  Doctor  of  Divinity,  is  the  dean 
'of  the  Divinity  School  of  the  University  of  Chicago,  an  author 
'Widely  known  among  us,  and  for  this  quadrennium,  president  of  the 
Federal  Council. 

The  Rev.  Sidney  L.  Gulick,  Doctor  of  Divinity,  needs  no  in- 
troduction to  you,  for  he  has  been  a  missionary  in  Japan  for  many 
years.  Since  his  return  to  America  upon  his  furlough,  he  has  been 
invited  to  our  most  prominent  pulpits,  has  secured  a  hearing  for  the 
cause  of  Japan  by  the  foremost  men  of  our  nation,  and  returns  to  you 
not  only  as  your  brother,  but  entrusted  with  the  duty  of  representing, 
with  Dr.  Mathews,  this  Federal  Council.  We  are  thus  sending  to  you 
,those  who  are  well  qualified  to  speak  for  us. 

We  beg  to  assure  you,  dear  brethren,  of  the  interest  with  which 
we  have  noted  the  recent  history  of  Japan,  that  ancient  and  venerable 
nation  with  its  notable  achievements  in  the  arts  and  sciences.  With 
eager  hand  you  have  grasped  what  other  peoples  could  offer  for  the 
enrichment  of  your  life,  and  in  turn  you  have  contributed  to  the  life 
of  the  world  the  inspiration  of  your  fine  enthusiasm.  You  have  felt 
the  stimulation  of  ethical  ideals,  the  transcendant  significance  of  moral 
values.  In  the  industrial,  intellectual,  and  moral  fields  of  your  activity, 
America  has  noted  your  unwearied  progress. 

But  our  deepest  interest  and  sympathy  have  been  evoked  by 
the  numbers  of  those  who  have  been  reaching  out  eager  hands  to 
God.  Beyond  all  else  the  spectacle  of  so  many  in  Japan,  seeking 
after  a  deeper  and  stronger  spiritual  life,  has  moved  and  still  moves 
our  hearts.  It  is  with  such  sympathy  toward  you,  beloved  children, 
jthat  we  send  our  messengers  to  you. 

We  believe  that  the  religion  of  Jesus  makes  its  largest  pos- 
sible contribution  to  the  peace  and  uplift  of  the  world,  not  when  it 
undertakes  by  ecclesiastical  utterances  and  activities  to  solve  the  com- 
plex intellectual  and  practical  problems  of  civilization,  but  rather  when  it 
leads  men  to- the  inner  life  of  spiritual  self-mastery  and  self-devotion, 
helps  them  to  learn  the  privilege  and  joy  of  absolute  trust  in  Christ 
our  Lord,  and  enables  them  to  appreciate  the  obligation  of  such  loyal 
devotion  to  him  as  finds  expression  in  holy  and  unselfish  service  oi 
.humanity. 

We  are  sending  these,  our  brethren,  to  tell  you  as  no  writ- 
iten  word  of  ours  can  tell,  the  sincerity  of  our  affection,  the  eagerness 
of  our  desire,  and  the  steady  persuasion  of  our  hope  that  we  all,  of 
tthe  East  and  of  the  West,  shall  be  one  in  Jesus  Christ. 


130  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

We  pray  that  in  your  land  and  in  ours,  faith  shall  have  its 
satisfying  vision  of  our  Lord,  that  love  shall  be  anctified  by  his 
fellowship,  and  that  our  common  life  shall  be  broadened  in  its 
sympathies  and  beautified  with  his  likeness. 

May  the  God  of  love  unite  our  hearts  in  the  bonds  of  holy 
sympathy,  and  bring  us  all  into  the  joy  of  fellowship  one  with 
another  through  that  diviner  fellowship  which  is  with  the  Father 
and  with  his  Son  our  Savior. 

May  peace  and  prosperity  abide  in  all  the  homes  of  Japan. 
May  your  schools  be  centers  of  intellectual  light  and  your  churches 
centers  of  moral  life  and  spiritual  power.  May  believers  be  multiplied 
and  all  your  land  be  blest  by  Him  who  is  the  Light  of  the  World, 
the  Redeemer  of  men. 

Now  unto  Him  that  is  able  to  keep  you  from  falling  and  to 
present  you  faultless  before  the  presence  of  his  glory  with  exceeding 
joy,  to  the  only  wise  God  our  Savior,  be  glory  and  majesty,  dominion 
and  power,  both  now  and  ever,  Amen. 

Your  brethren  in  Christ, 

The  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in   America, 

(Signed)     Charles    S.    Macfarland,    General   Secretary 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  July  lo,  191 5,  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  191 5: 

Dr.  Gulick  presented  the  report  for  the  Christian  embassy  to 
Japan. 

The  report  was  received  and  ordered  to  be  placed  on  file. 

On  recommendation  of  the  Commission  on  Relations  with  Japan, 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  joint  Committee  on  Eastern  Race  Relationships 
be  asked  to  hold  a  meeting  and  to  take  up  the  question  either  of 
appointing  a  new  commission  or  enlarging  the  field  of  service  of  the 
Commission   on   Relations   with  Japan. 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  July  22,  191 5,  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  191 5: 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Committee  on  Eastern  Race  Relationships, 
at  the  request  of  the  chairman,  the  secretary  of  the  Commission  on 
Relations  with  Japan,  Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  made  a  full' 
statement  of  the  matters  to  be  considered  and  presented  for  formal 
consideration  the  following  vote  of  the  Commission  on  Relations  with 
Japan,  adopted  by  that  commission  April  17,  191^*: 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  131 

"That  the  administrative  committee  of  the  Federal   Council 

be  requested  to  take  up  the  question  of  an  enlarged  commission 

for  the  consideration  of  the  general  Asiatic  and  the  general  inter- 
national situation." 

After  full  discussion 

It  was 

Voted,  That  whereas  the  Commission  on  Relations  with  Japan  was 
organized  solely  for  the  purpose  of  considering  relationship  between 
Japan  and  the  United  States,  and  that  it  has  hitherto  done  so,  it  is 
inadvisable  at  this  time  to  make  any  change  in  the  scope  of  the 
commission. 

It  was 

Voted:  That  the  secretary  of  the  Commission  on  Relations 
with  Japan  convey  this  action  to  the  commission  and  its  representa- 
tives. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  in  Columbus, 
December,  191 5,  Secretary  Macfarland  presented  the  report 
of  the  Commission  on  Relations  with  Japan,  which  was  re- 
ceived and  approved. 

President  Shailer  Mathews  was  introduced  to  the  committee 
and  spoke  on  the  Christian  embassy  to  Japan. 

The  following  resolution  was  presented  by  Bishop  E.  R. 
Hendrix  and  adopted : 

Resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Federal  Council  be  given  to  Professor  Shailer  Mathews  and  Rev. 
Sidney  L.  Gulick  for  the  able,  tactful,  and  consecrated  service  given 
by  them  as  our  Christian  embassy  to  Japan. 

The  following  resolution  pertaining  to  matters  dealing  with 
relations  with  Japan,  was  presented  by  the  business  committee 
and  adopted. 

Resolved,  That  the  general  secretary  be  authorized  to  prepare  re- 
plies to  the  letters  received  from  the  various  Christian  bodies  of  Japan, 
and  that  the  work  of  the  Christian  embassy  to  Japan  be  approved  with 
the  statement  that  the  final  report  of  the  commission  will  be  awaited 
with  interest. 

The  following  resolution  was  presented  and  adopted: 

Resolved,  That  the  Executive  Committee  place  on  record  its 
deep  appreciation  of  the  labors  of  Dr.  Sidney  L.  Gulick,  both  in 
their  untiring  nature  and  their  remarkable  success. 

The  following  resolution  was  adopted  by  the  administrative 
committee  at  its  meeting  on  March  2y,  1916: 

Resolved,  By  the  administrative  committee  of  the  Federal  Council 


132  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America,  that  the  following  statement  be 
issued  to  the  constituent  members  of  the  Federal  Council. 

Two  years  have  now  elapsed  since  the  appointment  by  the  Federal 
Council  of  its  Commission  on  Relations  with  Japan,  which  action,  it 
will  be  remembered,  was  taken  in  response  to  a  memorial  from  Ameri- 
can missionaries  in  Japan.  A  notable  work  has  been  done  by  this 
commission,  not  only  in  Japan  itself  through  the  sending  of  our 
Christian  embassy  to  that  land  a  year  ago,  but  also  by  the  wide 
campaigns  both  before  and  after  that  embassy,  of  our  special  repre- 
sentative, Rev.  Sidney  L.  Gulick.  Although  much  has  been  accom- 
phshed,  much  still  remains  to  be  done.  We  earnestly  invite  the  serious 
attention  of  our  entire  constituency  to  the  moral  questions  and  the 
questions  of  Christian  (principle  involved  in  the  relationship  of  the 
United  States  with  both  China  and  Japan.  These  questions  cannot 
be  solved  by  diplomacy  alone.  They  can  be  solved  only  by  national 
application  of  the  golden  rule  to  our  relations  with  these  lands.  While 
the  Federal  Council  is  concerned  solely  with  the  Christian  principles 
involved  and  can  assume  no  responsibility  for  specific  legislative 
proposals,  we  urge,  nevertheless,  upon  the  leaders  and  the  membership 
of  our  constituent  bodies  as  Christian  citizens  the  careful  study  of  the 
proposals  for  comprehensive  immigration  legislation  that  have  been 
worked  out  by  Dr.  Gulick,  and  also  of  any  similar  proposals  looking 
to  the  solution  of  these  problems  in  a  way  thoroughly  honorable  to 
tlie  peoples  concerned. 

We  regard  it  as  of  the  highest  importance  in  maintaining  right 
relations  through  the  coming  decades  with  Japan  and  China,  that  the 
United  States  shall  pursue  an  Oriental  policy,  the  fundamental  prin- 
ciples of  which  shall  be  the  just  and  equitable  treatment  of  all  races. 
To  this  end  we  suggest  that  Christian  citizens  in  all  parts  of  America 
urge  their  representatives  in  Congress  to  take  up  at  an  early  date  the 
entire  immigration  question  and  provide  for  comprehensive  legislation, 
free  from  race  discrimination,  covering  all  phases  of  the  question 
(such  as  the  limitation  of  all  immigration  and  the  registration,  dis- 
tribution, employment,  education,  and  naturalization  of  immigrants) 
in  such  a  way  as  to  conserve  American  institutions,  to  protect  American 
labor  from  dangerous  economic  competition,  and  to  promote  an  in- 
telligent and  enduring  friendliness  among  the  peoples  of  all  nations. 

PANAMA  CONGRESS 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  February  ii,  191 5,  and  was  approved  by  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  1915: 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  133 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  general  secretary  be  appointed  as  the  representa- 
tive of  the  Federal  Council  in  the  proposed  Latin-American  Missionary 
Conference,  to  be  held  at  Panama. 

WAR  RELIEF  MOVEMENT 
The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  September  21,  1914,  and  was  approved  by  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Richmond,  December,  1914'. 
Voted,  Ihat  Secretary  Macfarland  and  Associate  Secretary 
Carroll  be  authorized  to  send  out  a  statement  to  the  churches  that  the 
Federal  Coimcil  is  prepared  to  receive  and  transmit  funds  for  legitimate 
specified  objects  in  connection  with  the  war. 

On  March  11,  1915,  the  administrative  committee  author- 
ized the  general  secretary  to  issue  an  appeal  for  $100,000  for 
the  Persian  War  Relief  committee. 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  October  8,  191 5,  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  1915: 

Mr.   Mornay  Williams,   chairman   of   a   voluntary   committee  on 
Christian  Literature  among  Prisoners  of  War  in  Europe,  presented 
the  following  report: 
To  the  Administrative  Committee  of  the  Federal  Council: 

A  conference  was  held  on  September  30,  to  consider  means 
for  distributing  Christian  literature  among  prisoners  of  war  in 
Europe.  There  were  present  Drs.  W.  I.  Haven,  C.  S.  Macfarland, 
Judson  Swift,  J.  H.  Franklin,  William  Fetler,  and  Messrs.  James 
Wood,  Mornay  Williams,  and  E.  C.  Jenkins.  After  reviewing  the 
matter  and  after  discussion,  a  committee  was  asked  to  state  the 
conclusions  to  the  committee  and  the  report  is  as  follows: 

1.  There  is  most  convincing  evidence  of  the  need  of 
Christian  literature  among  prisoners  in  practically  all  bellig- 
erent countries,  especially  in  Germany,  Austria-Hungary,  Russia, 
and  France. 

2.  There  are  good  grounds  for  believing  that  this  literature 
can  be  distributed  under  official  sanction. 

3.  In  each  of  the  four  countries  mentioned  there  is  at  least 
one  officially  recognized  point  of  contact  with  prisoners  of  war, 
authorized  to  distribute  Christian  literature.    These  are: 

In  Germany:  Kriegsgefangenenhilfe  der  Nationalvereinigung  der 
Evangelischen  Junglingsbundnisse  Deutschlands  unter  litera- 
rischer  Mitwirkung  der  Deutschen  Christlichen  Studcnten- 
vereinigung.    Berlin  C  2.    Kleine  Museumstrasse.    5b. 


134  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

In  Russia:    George  M.  Day,  Esq.,  care  Society  Miyak,  Nadjcsh- 

dinskaya  35.  Petrograd,  Russia. 
In  Austria  Hungary  and  France  :  Representatives  of  the  World's 
Committee  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  whose 
principal  office  is  3  rue  General  DuFour,  Geneva,  Switzerland, 
are  fully  authorized  to  deal  with  prisoners  of  war  in  Austria- 
Hungary  through  representatives  in  Vienna  and  with  prisoners 
of  war  in  France  through  representatives  in  Paris. 
4.  That  authorization  be  given  by  the  administrative  com- 
mittee to  raise  a  fund  to  be  expended  for  this  purpose. 

(Signed)    Morn  ay  Williams, 
JuDSON  Swift, 
E.  C.  Jenkins, 

Committee. 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  v^as 
taken  on  December  8,  19 15,  and  was  approved  by  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  191 5 : 

Secretary  Macfarland  presented  the  following  report  of  the 
special  Committee  on  Christian  Literature  among  Prisoners  of  War 
in  Europe. 

Your  committee  makes  the  following  recommendation : 

That  inasmuch  as  the  International  Committee  of  Young 
Men's  Christian  Associations  is  already  carrying  on  the  work  of  dis- 
tributing literature  among  prisoners  of  war  in  Europe  as  well  as 
among  the  soldiers,  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in 
America  approve  the  work  of  the  International  Committee  of  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association  and  authorize  the  International  Committee 
to  act  for  and  on  behalf  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of 
Christ  in  America.  The  International  Committee  of  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association  is  invited  to  make  the  fullest  possible  use  of  the 
facilities  of  the  Federal  Council  for  the  furtherance  of  this  work. 

This  action  has  been  conveyed  to  the  International  Committee 
of  Young  Men's  Christian  Associations. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

(Signed)     Morn  ay  Williams, 
Chairman. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  action  of  the  committee  be  approved  and  that  the 
committee  be  permitted  and  instructed  to  cooperate  with  such  other 
agencies  as  they  may  approve  or  may  deem  wise  to  erect. 

The  following  actions  were  taken  by  the  administrative 
committee  at  its  meeting  on  March  6,  1916: 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  135 

The  special  order  of  the  day,  consideration  of  the  report  of  Dr. 
Macfarland's  mission  to  Europe,  was  then  taken  up  and  the  several 
recommendations  were  considered  seriatim. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  a  special  committee  of  five  be  appointed  by  the 
chairman  to  consider  the  whole  matter  of  relief  work  and  to  bring 
specific  recommendations  to  the  administrative  committee  for  approval. 
Drs.  Lawson  and  Brown  and  Messrs.  Leaycraft,  Glenn  and  Kimball 
were  appointed  as  the  special  committee. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  administrative  committee,  held  March 
1 6,  1916,  the  special  committee  appointed  on  the  European 
relief  work  made  its  report. 

The  administrative  committee  took  the  following  action : 

1.  That  the  movement  for  increased  and  wide-spread  European 
relief  through  the  churches,  as  recommended  by  the  general  secretary 
in  the  report  of  his  European  visit  should  be  immediately  made. 

2.  That  the  following  persons  be  invited  to  serve  as  such  a  com- 
mittee, with  power  to  add  to  their  number : 

Rev.  James  L.  Barton  Dr.  Samuel  T.  Button 

Charles  R,   Crane  Rev.  Arthur  J.  Brown 

Edwin  M.  Bulkley  Rt.  Rev.  David  H.  Greer 

Rev.  John  B.  Calvert  Cleveland  H.  Dodge 

Rev.  William  I.  Haven  Hamilton  Holt 

Arthur  Curtiss  James  John  R.  Mott 

Rev.  Frank  Mason  North  Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland 

George  A.  Plimpton  William  Sloane 

Rev.  Edward  Lincoln  Smith  James  M.  Speers 

Talcott  Williams  Robert  E.  Speer 

James  C.  Colgate  Rev.  Cornelius  Woelfkin 

Bishop  Luther  B.  Wilson  Rev.  Charles  L.  Slattery 

Rev.  E.  M.  Stires  Seth  Low 

Gifford  Pinchot  Fred  B.   Smith 

E.  S.  Harkness  Dean  Shailer  Mathews 

J.  Edgar  Leaycraft  John  M.  Glenn 

Rev.  Albert  G.  Lawson  Alfred  R.  Kimball 

John  D.  Rockefeller,  Jr.  James  H.  Post 

James  G.  Cannon  Rev.  Junius  B.  Remensnyder 

President  W.  H.  P.  Faunce  Rev.  Frederick  Lynch 

Jerome  D.  Greene  E.  E.  Olcott 

3.  That  the  Rev.  Frank  Mason  North  be  requested  to  convene  the 
committee. 

4.  That  the  general  secretary  be  requested  to  make  inquiry  looking 
toward  a  suitable  administrator  for  the  work  of  the  committee. 


136  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

5.  That  the  committee  cooperate  with  similar  committees  already 
appointed  or  proceed  with  its  work  in  consultation  with  such  com- 
mittees. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  administrative  committee,  held  March 
2^,  1916,  the  report  of  the  special  Committee  on  War  Relief 
was  received,  as  follows : 

New  York,  March  23,  1916. 

To  the  Administrative  Committee  of  the  Federal  Council: 

We,  your  committee  appointed  to  consider  the  relation  of  the 
churches  to  the  problem  of  relief  necessitated  by  the  European  war, 
present  herewith  our  report  as  follows: 

In  view  of  the  appalling  need  for  material  and  spiritual  relief 
created  by  the  European  war— a  need  which  the  churches  of  the 
United  States  have  not  yet  sufficiently  comprehended  nor  ade- 
quately attempted  to  meet,  we  recommend : 

That  a  special  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Federal  Council  be  called  for  an  early  date  to  give  thoroughgoing 
consideration  to  this  need  and  to  adopt  comprehensive  plans  that 
will  help  to  meet  it. 

That  the  plans  to  be  adopted  include,  among  other  features, 
the  following: 

1.  The  immediate  preparation  and  wide  distribution  of  a 
strong  appeal  which  should  have  for  its  chief  purpose  to  arouse 
the  conscience  and  stimulate  the  will  of  the  churches  in  this  great 
world  crisis; 

2.  The  issuance  of  bulletins,  possibly  at  regular  intervals,  in 
which  greatly  needed  information  may  be  furnished  regarding 
general  and  particular  calls  for  help  and  the  several  agencies 
through  which  assistance  may  be  rendered. 

3.  The  appointment  of  leaders  and  committees  in  local 
churches  and  communities  who  shall  come  to  feel  the  burden  of 
this  work  and  give  themselves  ungrudgingly  to  its  accomplishment ; 

4.  The  adoption  of  all  other  practicable  methods  to  secure  the 
desired  result; 

5.  The  avoidance  of  duplication  of  effort  being  made  by  other 
bodies ; 

6.  The  fullest  cooperation  with  any  and  all  agencies  created 
for  the  common  purpose. 

Frank  Mason  North  Samuel  T.  Button 

Charles  S.  Macfarland  Albert  G.  Lawson 

Fred  B.  Smith  Arthur  J.  Brown 

John  M.  Glenn  Alfred  R.  Kimball 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 


137 


Frederick  Lynch 
John  R.  Mott 
Cleveland  H.  Dodge 
E.  L.  Smith 


Jerome  D.  Greene 
James  L.  Barton 
J.  Edgar  Leaycraft 
Fred  P.  Haggard 

Committee 


The  report  was  adopted. 

The  following  actions  were  taken  by  the  administrative 
committee  at  its  meeting  on  March  27,  1916: 

It  was 

Voted,  That  a  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  be  called 
■at  the  Yale  Club,  Wednesday,  April  19,  at  10:00  A.M.,  to  continue 
during  the  day  and  the  evening,  the  railroad  fares  of  the  members 
being  paid  where  necessary. 

I  Dr.  North  and  the  general  secretary  were  appointed  as  a  committee 
[on  ways  and  means  to  report  to  the  meeting  of  the  Executive 
Committee. 

It  was 
'        Voted,  That  the  following  special  committee  be  invited  to  meet 
^'ointly  with  the  Executive  Committee  at  3:00  P.M.: 


Rev.  James  L.  Barton 
Charles  R.  Crane 
Edwin  M.  Bulkley 
Rev.  John  B.  Calvert 
Rev.  William  I.  Haven 
Arthur  Curtiss  James 
Rev.  Frank  Mason  North 
George  A.  Plimpton 
Rev.  Edward  Lincoln  Smith 
Talcott  Williams 
James  C.  Colgate 
Bishop  Luther  B.  Wilson 
Rev.  E.  M.  Stires 
Gifford  Pinchot 
E.  S.  Harkness 
J.  Edgar  Leaycraft 
Rev.  Albert  G.  Lawson 
John  D.  Rockefeller,  Jr. 
James  G.  Cannon 
President  W.  H.  P.  Faunce 
Jerome  D.  Greene 


Dr.  Samuel  T.  Dutton 

Rev.  Arthur  J.  Brown 

Rt.  Rev.  David  H.  Greer 

Cleveland  H.   Dodge 

Hamilton  Holt 

John  R.  Mott 

Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland 

William  Sloane 

James  M.  Speers 

Robert  E.  Speer 

Rev.  Cornelius  Woelfkin 

Rev.  Charles  L.  Slattery 

Seth  Low 

F/ed  B.  Smith 

Dean  Shailer  Mathews 

John  M.  Glenn 

Alfred  R.  Kimball 

James  H.  Post 

Rev.  Junius  B.  Remensnyder 

Rev.  Frederick  Lynch 

E.  E.  Olcott 


It  was 

Voted,  That  a  committee  consisting  of  Dr.  North,  Dr.  Haven, 


138  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

and  the  general  secretary  be  a  committee  on  Administration,  to  report 
to  the  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee. 

The  following  action  was  taken  by  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee at  its  meeting  on  April  19,  1916: 

Preamble 

Inasmuch  as  the  conditions  of  suffering  and  need  in  the  nations 
directly  affected  by  the  war  in  Europe  and  Asia  are  appalling  beyond 
description,  and  are  not  known  to  the  masses  of  our  people,  who  have 
not  been  sufficiently  informed  concerning  the  facts  to  inspire  them  to 
interest  or  action;  and  since  the  inability  of  the  nations,  strained 
as  they  are,  to  meet  these  needs,  constitutes  -an  urgent  appeal  to  the 
neutral  nations,  and  especially  to  the  people  of  the  United  States,  to 
use  their  utmost  endeavors  to  bring  relief  wherever  possible  to  all 
who  suffer;  therefore 

Resolved,  That  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in 
America,  while  recognizing  the  various  relief  organizations  already  at 
work,  and  having  no  purpose  save  that  of  cooperation,  believes  that  the 
time  has  come  for  a  relief  movement  of  such  magnitude  as  shall  fitting- 
ly recognize  the  obligation  of  Christianity  to  respond  to  all  human  need 
and  emphasize  to  all  the  world  the  moral  and  spiritual  consciousness 
and  the  Christian  and  philanthropic  spirit  of  the  American  people. 
Also, 

Resolved,  1.  That  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ 
in  America  initiate  a  nation-wide  movement  for  the  relief  of  suffering 
in  Europe  and  Asia  growing  out  of  conditions  created  by  the  war. 

2.  That  the  movement  shall  be  under  the  leadership  and  inspir- 
ation of  the  churches,  a  preeminently  religious  appeal  to  the  people 
through  the  churches  and  religious  orders  and  organizations,  endeavor- 
ing to  arouse  among  all  classes  the  sentiment  of  personal  self-sacrifice. 

3.  That  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America 
suggest  for  the  inauguration  of  the  movement  the  week  preceding  Mem- 
orial Sunday  for  the  solicitation  of  funds  for  the  suffering  peoples 
of  Europe  and  Asia;  that  the  President  of  the  United  States  be  re- 
quested to  commend  this  movement  of  the  churches  and  that  the  Presi- 
dent be  requested  to  invite  all  the  churches  and  religious  organizations 
of  the  United  States  to  set  apart  Memorial  Sunday,  May  28,  1916,  for 
the  consideration  of  the  wide-spread  sorrows  of  the  peoples  and  for 
most  generous  contributions  to  relieve  the  suffering;  and  that  z 
delegation  be  appointed  to  present  in  person  this  proposal  to  the 
President  of  the  United  States. 

4.  That  a  letter  be  conveyed  to  all  th*  churches  and  that  the 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  139 

immediate  cooperation  of  church  federations  and  ministerial  associa- 
tions be  secured;  that  the  cooperation  of  denominational  boards  and  of 
those  assemblies  meeting  in  May  be  obtained  and  that  the  churches  also 
be  reached  through  the  religious  press;  that  other  movements,  such  as 
the  Laymen's  Missionary  Movement  and  the  various  Sunday-school 
associations,  be  enlisted;  and  that  the  entire  press  of  the  country  be 
invited  to  render  assistance  through  publicity. 

5.  That  the  movement  be  unrestricted  in  its  appeal  both  in  respect 
to  the  securing  of  funds  and  in  the  distribution  of  relief  and  that  when 
individuals,  churches,  and  other  organizations  desire,  they  may  desig- 
nate their  preference  for  the  use  of  funds. 

6.  That  the  administration  hereafter  to  be  appointed  shall  follow 
up  these  initial  appeals  so  long  as  necessity  may  exist  or  until  the 
Executive  Committee  shall  otherwise  order. 

7.  That  the  Federal  Council  shall  finance  the  campaign,  so  far 
as  possible,  in  order  not  to  draw  from  the  contributions  secured  for 
overhead  expenses  any  more  than  may  be  absolutely  necessary. 

8.  That  a  general  statement  of  known  and  urgent  needs  be  pre- 
sented in  the  appeals  of  the  committee. 

The  following  resolution  was  adopted  relative  to  administrative 
provision  for  the  campaign: 

Resolved,  That  the  officers  and  the  administrative  committee  of 
the  Federal  Council  be  authorized  to  associate  with  themselves  such 
persons,  agencies,  and  organizations  as  may  be  helpful  in  the  de- 
velopment, publicity  and  realization  of  the  plan  of  relief  committed 
to  them  and  that  whatever  unprovided  expenses  are  involved  in  this 
further  augmentation  of  the  working  forces  of  the  Council  shall 
be  paid  out  of  the  funds  arising  from  the  movement. 
It  was 

Voted,  That  the  president  of  the  Council,  the  general  secretary, 
and  the  chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee  be  appointed  as  the 
delegation  to  wait  upon  the  President  of  the  United  States. 

The    following   action    was   taken   by   the   administrative 
committee  at  its  meeting  on  April  25,  1916; 
It  was 

Voted,  To  ask  Dr.  Howard  B.  Grose  to  secure,  if  possible,  a 
temporary  release  from  his  present  position  and  that  he  be  invited 
to  assist  the  administration  in  the  organization  of  the  War  Relief 
committee  at  his  present  salary  together  with  the  meeting  of  any 
special  expenses  incurred. 

The  following  action  was  taken  relative  to  the  war  relief  campaign : 


140  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

1.  William  B.  Millar  was  elected  as  chairman  of  the  special 
Committee  on  War  Relief. 

2.  It  was  voted  that  the  Laymen's  Missionary  Movement  be 
invited  to  cooperate  with  the  Federal  Council  in  the  proposed  move- 
ment, being  associated  with  the  Federal  Council  both  in  fact  and  in 
name,  and  that  the  Laymen's  Missionary  Movement  be  invited  to 
turn  all  its  available  forces  and  resources  to  the  movement  for  so 
long  a  time  as  may  be  possible  or  as  need  may  exist. 

3.  That  the  Laymen's  Missionary  Movement  be  requested  to  select 
three  members  of  its  Executive  Committee  to  serve  with  Messrs.  Law- 
son,  Glenn,  and  Barton  of  the  administrative  committee  of  the  Federal 
Council  as  members  of  the  special  committee  with  power  to  add  to 
their  number,  and  that  this  special  committee  to  empowered  to  pro- 
ceed immediately  in  the  initiation  and  conduct  of  the  campaign. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  administrative  committee,  held  on 
September  14,  1916,  the  general  secretary  reported  for  the 
Committee  on  War  Relief,  and  the  following  recommendations 
were  approved  in  substance : 

ACTION  OF  THE  CONFERENCE  RELATIVE  TO  WAR  RELIEF 
MOVEMENT,  SEPTEMBER  13,  1916 

1.  Whereas,  The  President  of  the  United  States  has  issued  a 
proclamation  appointing  Saturday,  October  21,  and  Sunday,  October 
22,  as  special  days  for  the  collection  of  funds  for  Armenian  and 
Syrian  relief,  it  is  hereby 

Voted,  That  the  officers  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches 
of  Christ  in  America  be  requested  to  cooperate  with  the  American 
Committee  on  Armenian  and  Syrian  Relief,  especially  in  making 
Sunday,  October  22,  an  occasion  when  large  contributions  may  be 
received  through  the  churches. 

2.  It  is  the  sense  of  the  conference  that  the  Federal  Council 
of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America,  having  proceeded  with  the 
movement  relative  to  Armenian  and  Syrian  relief,  shall  give  further 
consideration  to  the  proposition  for  a  larger  and  more  complete  move- 
ment which  may  be  submitted  to  another  larger  conference,  to  be  held 
at  the  discretion  of  the  Federal  Council. 

REPORT  OF  SPECIAL  COMMITTEE  APPOINTED   BY   THE 
REPRESENTATIVES    OF    THE    WAR    RELIEF 
ORGANIZATIONS 
1.    That  the  movement  initiated  by  the  Federal  Council  be  con- 
tinued as  in  the  past,  leaving  the  various  War  Relief  societies  to  be 
autonomous. 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  141 

2.  That  the  Federal  Council  find  all  possible  ways  of  deepen- 
ing this  movement,  of  securing  continuous  publicity  and  continuing 
the  appeal   to  the  people  and  to  the   religious   motive. 

That  it  is  advisable  to  have  an  effective  administration  for  this 
work  including  a  competent  secretary  who  shall  give  his  entire 
time  and  thought  to  it. 

3.  That  while  no  additional  general  national  committee  seems 
advisable,  it  may  be  found  desirable  for  the  Federal  Council  from 
time  to  time  to  secure  endorsement  of  its  various  movements  from 
groups  of  men  of  national  influence.  The  Federal  Council  will  so 
conduct  its  movement  that  other  groups  may  be  influenced,  to  attain 
the  same  general  results. 

4.  That  a  Seli-Denial  Week  be  arranged  and  special  Sundays 
designated  as  may  be  found  wise  and  possible. 

5.  That  the  war  relief  organizations  articulate  their  work  in 
accordance  with  these  plans  and  endeavor,  while  on  the  one  hand 
urging  their  special  causes,  to  avail  themselves  at  the  same  time  of 
all  that  may  be  gained  by  cumulative  effect. 

6.  That,  in  so  far  as  the  future  movement  may  not  be  provided 
for  through  the  treasury  of  the  Federal  Council,  this  expense  be 
met  out  of  undesignated  funds  that  may  be  sent  to  the  Federal 
Council,  or  from  proportional  contributions  from  those  organizations 
for  war  relief  which  meet  with  substantial  assistance  from  the 
movement,  this  being  preferable  to  having  the  Federal  Council  jeop- 
ardize individual  gifts  to  the  various  organizations  by  approaching 
in  the  interest  of  this  particular  propaganda. 

COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLICITY 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  March  ii,  191 5,  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  1915: 

The  matter  of  religious  publicity  was  discussed,  and 

It  was 

Voted,  That  Dr.  Grose  be  requested  to  lay  out  a  plan  concerning 
this  matter  and  report  back  to  the  administrative  committee. 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  April  8,  191 5;  and  was  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  1915: 

The  general  secretary  presented  the  recommendations  of  Dr. 
Grose,  the  special  committee  appointed  on  publicity  of  religious  news. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  the  chairman  and  general  secretary  appoint  a  special 


142  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

committee  of  five  to  make  further  inquiry  in  regard  to  this  matter 
and  to  confer  with  the  other  bodies  interested,  said  committee  to 
report  back  to  the  administrative  committee  on  or  before  the  first 
meeting  in  the  fall. 

The  following  committee  was  appointed:  Rev.  Howard  B.  Grose, 
Rev.  Fred  P.  Haggard,  Mr.  J.  E.  McAfee,  Rev.  William  I.  Haven, 
Rev.  Frederick  Lynch,  and  Mr.  Fred  B.  Smith. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee,  at  Columbus, 
December,  191 5,  the  Committee  on  Publicity  presented  a  full 
report,  which  is  contained  in  the  191 5  volume. 

The  report  was  received  and  approved,  and  the  following 
resolution  was  adopted: 

Resolved,  That  the  Executive  Committee  approve  the  report  of  the 
Committee  on  Publicity  and  the  steps  thus  far  taken  to  carry  out  the 
project  of  establishing  a  bureau  that  shall  secure  the  widest  publicity 
in  the  secular  and  religious  press  for  the  religious  news  of  the  world ; 
and  that  the  Executive  Committee  empower  the  adm.inistrative  com- 
mittee to  proceed  with  its  efforts  to  make  possible  the  realization  of 
the  plans  presented  by  the  committee  on  Pubh'city,  and  submit  its  re- 
port to  the  Federal  Council  at  the  next  quadrennial  meeting. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  administrative  committee,  held  on 
September  14,  191 6,  the  action  of  the  quadrennial  Council  of 
1912,  relative  to  a  report  of  the  state  of  the  religious  press,  was 
referred  to  Secretaries  Guild  and  Stelzle,  with  the  request 
that  they  secure  the  action  contemplated. 

BOYS'  WORK 

At  the  meeting  of  the  administrative  committee,  held  on 
September  14,  19 16,  in  response  to  the  recommendation  of 
Secretary  Guild,  a  committee  consisting  of  Fred  B.  Smith, 
Rev.  H.  H.  Meyer,  and  Secretary  Whitmore  were  appointed 
to  confer  with  other  organizations  relative  to  the  prosecution 
of  boys'  work  in  the  churches. 

BUILDING 

The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  November  11,  1915,  and  was  approved  by  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  191 5: 

Upon  recommendation  of  the  general  secretary,  the  chairman  was 
authorized  to  appoint  a  committee  to  consider  the  question  of  grouping 
the  offices  of  various  denominational  and  interdenominational  organi- 
zations having  their  headquarters  in  New  York  City,  and  the  advis- 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  143 

ability  of  a   general  building  for  this  purpose,  of  which  committee 
Fred  B.  Smith  should  be  the  chairman. 

The   following   committee  was   appointed: 

Fred  B.  Smith,  Chairman 

John  M.  Glenn 

Rev.  Charles  L.  Thompson 

J.  Edgar  Leaycraft 

Rev.  Arthur  J.  Brown 

Rev.  Hubert  C.  Herring 

Rev.  William  I.  Haven 

John  R.  Mott 

Rev.  Howard  B.  Grose 

Rev.  Frank  Mason  North 

Secretary  Guild,  ex  officio 

RELIGIOUS  CENSUS 
The  following  action  of  the  administrative  committee  was 
taken  on  November  ii,  1915,  and  was  approved  by  the  execu- 
tive committee  at  its  meeting  in  Columbus,  December,  191 5: 
It  was 

Voted,  That  the  chairman  appoint  a  committee  to  cooperate  with 
the  United  States  Census  Bureau  in  the  matter  of  the  next  religious 
census.     The  following  committee  was  appointed: 
Rev.  Rufus  W.  Miller 
Rev.  Charles  L.  Thompson 
Fred  B.  Smith 
Rev.  Henry  K.  Carroll,  ex  officio 

FINANCIAL  PROVISION 

It  will  be  recalled  that  the  executive  committee,  in  report- 
ing four  years  ago,  reported  that  its  work  during  the 
quadrennium  had  been  hampered  by  the  lack  of  funds.  The 
present  quadrennium  began  with  a  considerable  deficit.  We 
are,  therefore,  gratified  to  report  that  this  deficit  was  very 
speedily  made  up,  and  that  since  that  time  the  Council  has 
received  a  reasonably  adequate  financial  support  and  has  been 
able  to  keep  its  expenditures  within  its  income. 

It  will  be  recalled  that  the  last  quadrennial  Convention 
authorized  a  total  budget  of  $25,000  per  annum,  authorizing  the 
Executive  Committee,  however,  to  undertake  work  involving 
larger  expenditures,  provided  the  funds  for  such  could  be 
secured  without  placing  additional  burdens  upon  the  constitu- 
ent bodies. 


144  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

It  is,  therefore,  worthy  of  note  that  the  necessary  budget 
has  constantly  increased  during  the  quadrennium  and  for  the 
year  1916,  including  all  departments,  commissions,  and  move- 
ments of  the  Council,  will  reach  a  total  of  more  than 
$125,000.  Attention  should  be  called  to  the  fact,  however, 
that  the  larger  portion  of  this  amount  is  for  actual  work  ac- 
complished in  the  field,  and  that  the  cost  of  the  central  ad- 
ministration, for  which  $25,000  was  named,  has  not  gone  above 
$35,000  in  any  one  year,  including  the  expenses  of  the  Wash- 
ington office. 

It  should  also  be  noted  that,  of  this  entire  budget  of  now 
over  $125,000,  only  about  $11,000  a  year  has  come  from  the 
denominational  apportionments.  The  Executive  Committee 
makes  no  special  recommendations  regarding  this  matter,  inas- 
much as  it  has  been  referred  for  consideration  to  the  committee 
of  fifteen. 

QUADRENNIAL  MEETING 

The  administrative  committee  accepted  the  invitation  of 
the  Church  Federation  of  St.  Louis,  supported  by  other  civic 
bodies  of  St.  Louis,  to  hold  the  quadrennial  meeting  of  19 16 
in  that  city. 

The  following  action  was  taken  by  the  administrative  com- 
mittee at  its  meeting  on  March  6,  19 16: 
It  was 

Voted,  To  authorize  the  appointment  by  the  chairman  of  a 
Committee  on  Program. 

The   following  committee  was  appointed: 
Rev.  Howard  B.  Grose 
Rev.  William  I.  Haven 
Rev.  William  H.  Roberts 

Your  Executive  Committee  has,  at  the  moment  of  the 
preparation  of  this  report,  carefully  reviewed  the  actions  of 
the  Federal  Council  of  1912,  and  finds  that  the  instructions  of 
the  Council  have  been  carried  out  in  every  particular. 

ACTIONS  OF  THE  ADMINISTRATIVE  COMMITTEE, 
NOVEMBER  9,  1916 

The  following  actions  were  taken  by  the  administrative 
committee,  November  9,  1916: 

A  report  of  the  Committee  on  Publicity  was  received,  and  it  was 
ordered  that  it  be  conveyed  to  the  quadrennial  meeting  of  the  Council. 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  145 

Rev.  E.  W.  Rankin  was  elected  as  assistant  secretary,  to  begin 
service  November  10. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  it  is  the  understanding  of  the  administrative  committee 
that  the  rules  of  order  adopted  at  the  quadrennial  meeting  of  the 
Council  in  Chicago,  111.,  are  the  rules  of  order  of  the  Federal  Council, 
subject  to  amendment. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  Secretaries  Stelzle,  Guild,  and  Rankin  be  appointed 
as  a  special  Committee  on  Publicity  for  the  next  quadrennial  meeting 
of  the  Federal  Council. 

It  was 

Voted,  That  Dr.  William  H.  Roberts  be  appointed  the  chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  the  Quadri-Centennial  Celebration  of  the  Protes- 
tant Reformation. 

Dr.  Roberts  reported  for  the  special  committee  of  the  administrative 
committee  on  amendments  the  following  proposed  amendments  to  the 
constitution  and  by-laws: 

"The  following  amendments  of  the  constitution,  by-laws,  and  rules 
of  order  are  recommended  for  consideration  by  the  Federal  Council  at 
its  next  meeting; 

I.    CONSTITUTION 

"Article  9  (b).  Make  the  first  clause  to  read;  'The  general 
secretary  and  other  secretaries  of  the  Council,  except  the  recording 
secretary,  shall  be  chosen  by  the  Executive  Committee.' 

"Article  9  (c).  Last  clause  of  closing  sentence  to  read:  'except 
that  it  shall  not  have  power  to  make  any  amendments  to  the  con- 
stitution or  to  the  by-laws.* 

"Article  9  (e).  Add  to  this  section  the  words:  'but  nominations 
may  be  made  from  the  floor  of  the  Council  by  any  member,  at  the 
time  of  the  election.' 

"Article  10.  Add  the  following:  'Amendments  to  this  plan  shall 
be  reported  officially  for  information  to  the  several  constituent  churches.* 

"Article  11.  Strike  out  from  the  constitution  the  three  closing 
sentences  which  have  to  do  with  the  original  approval  of  the  plan 
of  federation,  but  have  never  been  a  part  of  the  document. 

II.    BY-LAWS 

"No.  1.  Change  the  first  clause  of  By-law  No.  1  so  that  it  reads; 
'The  Council  shall  meet  quadrennially  on  the  first  Wednesday  of  De- 
cember at  such  place  and  hour  as  the  Executive  Committee  shall  from 
time  to  time  determine.' 


146  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

"No.  3.  Add  to  By-Law  No.  3  the  words :  The  chairman  of  the 
Enrolment  Committee  shall  be  the  recording  secretary.' 

"No.  8.  The  whole  subject  of  the  status  of  the  commissions  of 
Council  being  a  part  of  the  report  of  the  committee  of  fifteen,  it  is 
recommended  that  if  said  report  be  adopted  by  the  Council,  the 
necessary  changes  be  made  in  this  by-law. 

"No.  11.  Add:  'The  commissions  of  the  Council,  when  so  em- 
powered by  Council,  may  solicit  contributions  for  their  work  and  have 
their  own  treasurers,  but  in  such  cases  a  semiannual  repori  shall  be 
made  to  the  treasurer  of  the  Council,  and  the  treasurer  of  the  com- 
missions shall  confer  with  him  as  to  all  general  financial  business. 

III.    Rules  of  Order 

"No.  VIII.    Change  'corresponding*  to  'recording*  secretary. 
"No.  IX.    Change  'corresponding*  to  'general'  secretary. 
"In  behalf  of  the  administrative  committee, 

(Signed)     Wm.  H.  Roberts, 

Charles  S.  Macfarland'* 

The  special  Committee  on  the  Washington  Office  and  the 
salary  of  Dr.  Carroll  reported  as  follows: 

As  the  Home  Missions  Council,  after  a  full  conference  with  a 
committee  of  the  Federal  Council  during  1915,  decided  at  its  annual 
meeting  in  January,  1916,  that  it  could  no  longer  continue  the  ap- 
propriation of  $1,000  for  Dr.  Carroll's  salary. 

Therefore,  the  committee  recommends  that  the  matter  be  considered 
as  settled. 

Voied,  To  adopt  the  report  of  the  committee. 

RECOMMENDATIONS  AS  TO  BUSINESS 

The  following  recommendations  as  to  current  business  are 
presented  for  the  consideration  of  the  Council. 

Inasmuch  as  the  Executive  Committee  is  responsible  for 
the  preliminary  arrangements  for  the  quadrennial  Council — 

Resolved,  (1)  That  the  present  Executive  Committee  be  continued 
in  the  management  of  the  program  throughout  the  sessions  of  the 
Council  and  that  the  committee  appointed  by  the  Church  Federation 
of  St.  Louia  also  be  requested  to  continue  to  act  upon  the  matters 
entrusted  to  it  until  the  business  be  completed; 

(2)  That  the  committee  on  business,  authorized  by  By-Law 
No.  6  of  the  Council,  be  appointed  by  the  president  in  accordance  with 
said  By-Law  No.  6,  which  reads  "The  Council  shall  appoint  a  com- 
mittee on  business  to  which  shall  be  referred  all  matters  connected 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  147 

with  the  proceedings  of  the  Council  while  in  session,  and  all  such 
papers  and  documents  as  to  the  Council  may  seem  proper.  It  shall 
consist  of  two  members  from  each  church  having  twenty  or  more 
representatives  in  the  Council  and  one  from  each  having  less  than 
twenty  representatives; 

(3)  That  the  reports  of  the  Executive  Committee,  the  secre- 
taries, commissions,  and  other  committees,  in  such  detail  as  may  be 
necessary,  be  printed  in  volumes  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Council 
hereby  authorized; 

(4)  That  ten  minutes  be  allotted  to  the  chairman  for  the  pres- 
entation of  reports,  that  five  minutes  be  given  to  each  other  speaker, 
and  five  minutes  to  the  chairman  to  close  the  discussion; 

(5)  That  the  committee  of  fifteen,  vacancy  in  which  may  be  filled 
by  appointment  of  the  president,  shall  prepare  a  letter  to  the  churches 
represented  in  the  Council,  presenting  in  an  appropriate  manner  results 
of  the  deliberations; 

(6)  That  five  assistant  recording  secretaries  shall  be  appointed 
by  the  recording  secretary,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  keep  the  record 
of  the  proceedings  of  the  Council,  file  and  preserve  papers,  and  perform 
such  other  duties  as  may  be  assigned  to  them. 

(7)  That  the  general  secretary  be  authorized  to  appoint  neces- 
sary assistants  for  the  administration  of  the  Council  during  this 
session ; 

(8)  That  the  rules  of  order  used  at  the  Chicago  Council  of 
1912  be  adopted  for  use  during  the  Council. 

CONCLUSION 

Members  of  the  Council  : 

Your  executive  committee,  as  conscious  of  its  fallibility, 
as  it  is  confident  of  your  tolerance,  lays  before  you  the  record 
of  its  work  since  the  last  meeting  of  the  Council.  It  detects 
in  itself  a  new  phase  of  feeling  as  this  quadrennium  reaches 
its  end.  These  four  years  have  brought  to  this  fellowship  of 
the  great  churches  of  America  tests  and  discoveries.  Closer 
contact  has  meant  clearer  focus — focus  in  which  the  unities 
and  the  diversities  have  equally  been  revealed.  One  knows 
little  about  friend  or  neighbor  until  one  travels  with  him. 
Who  shall  afifirm  that  intimacy  has  not  deepened  respect,  that 
the  sharing  of  experience  has  not  melted  away  prejudice,  and 
given  new  warmth  to  sympathy?  There  are  signs  that  self- 
knowledge  has  been  promoted.  More  certainly  than  ever 
before  there  is  a  common  understanding  of  what  binds  to- 


148  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

gether  and  what  holds  apart  the  churches  of  Christ  in  Amer- 
ica. Fellowship  is  revelation.  We  are  more  nearly  sure  in  the 
mutual  examination  of  our  common  Christianity  as  to  the  marks 
which  look  like  seams  in  the  fabric,  but  which  are  only  flaws  in 
the  weaving.  Our  convictions  do  not  lose  their  strength  but 
increase  their  length.  They  reach  as  before  to  the  men  who 
have  been  our  denominational  saints  but,  far  beyond,  to  Him 
who  is  for  us  all  the  one  Savior.  We  travel  back  upon  the 
familiar  road  of  our  denominational  history  to  the  point  where 
it  diverged  from  some  broader  fellowship,  but  we  do  not  rest 
there.  Unerringly  beyond  these  ecclesiastical  forks  in  the 
road,  past  every  branching  route,  joined  at  the  intersections 
by  groups  with  whom  for  decades,  it  may  be  for  centuries, 
we  have  been  sadly  unfamiliar,  we  find  our  way  to  a  place 
called  Calvary  and  a  hill  called  Olivet.  We  waive  no  right 
or  privilege,  we  break  with  no  sound  tradition,  we  surrender 
no  precious  heritage,  but  we  become  fixed  in  the  persuasion 
that  the  church  has  but  one  inalienable  right,  the  right  of 
finding  Christ  in  the  world  of  to-day  and  interpreting  him 
in  all  his  sacrificial  and  triumphant  power  to  that  world. 
Perfect  agreement  in  opinion,  placid  uniformity  in  expression 
and  method  do  not  appear.  It  is  a  waste  of  energy  and  time 
to  seek  for  either.  But  in  this  fellowship  we  have  seen  the 
glory  of  sympathy  break  into  the  flame  of  enthusiasm  when 
men  of  different  cults  and  names  have  brushed  aside  traditiori 
and  prejudice  and  found  the  Christ  in  one  another's  hearts. 
It  is  not  in  what  we  each  hold  dear  that  we  find  our  common 
ground,  but  in  what  we  each  hold  most  dear.  It  is  not  in  their 
history,  their  traditions,  their  formulae  that  the  churches  of 
Christ  can  be  one ;  it  is  alone  in  the  Christ  himself. 

To  those  who  in  the  period  from  1894  to  1908  looked  and 
worked  toward  such  an  organization  as  this  Federal  Council, 
that  notable  assembly  in  Philadelphia  seemed  a  consummation. 

The  ascent,  however,  to  that  summit  brought  them  and 
the  churches  they  represented  not  to  a  mountain  peak  but  to 
a  plateau.  What  to  aspiration  had  seemed  a  height  of  vision, 
to  achievement  became  the  broad  plain  of  opportunity. 
Through  the  intervening  years,  as  atmosphere  has  cleared  and 
action  has  developed  energy,  the  horizons  have  lifted  and  the 
unbroken  light  has  revealed  at  once  the  forces  and  the  tasks 
of  the  churches  of  Christ.  Brothers  of  the  Council,  it  seems 
to  your  Executive  Committee  that  the  period  of  experiment 


REPORT  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  149 

^s  past.  Repair  and  complete  the  mechanism  according  to 
\'oiir  best  wisdom.  But  doubt  not  that  this  fellowship  of  great 
churches  in  America  expresses  in  some  large  measure  the  mind 
of  our  common  Lord ;  hesitate  not  to  empower  it^  to  direct  it, 
that  through  it  the  divergent  policies  of  the  churches  may  be 
turned  into  converging  and  cooperating  forces;  that  through 
it,  perchance,  some  common  program,  large  enough  for  the 
needs  of  a  bewildered  and  broken-hearted  world,  may  be  re- 
vealed as  the  purpose  of  Him,  who  in  all  our  wavering,  our 
retreats,  our  advances,  our  victories,  is  head  over  all  things, 
to  the  church,  which  is  his  body,  the  fulness  of  him  that 
filleth  all  in  all. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Frank  Mason  North, 

Chairman 


vm. 

Address  of  the  Honorary  Secretary, 
Eev.  E.  B.  Sanford 

The  Council  meeting  of  191 2  found  me  in  a  New  York 
hospital.  It  was  a  grievous  disappointment  that  I  could  not 
go  to  Chicago,  and  in  the  presence  of  beloved  comrades  in 
service  lay  aside  the  armor  which  I  had  borne  for  nearly  two 
decades  of  years.  With  the  blessing  of  God,  the  surgeon's 
skill  spared  my  life,  but  many  days  and  nights  of  weakness  and 
suffering  marked  the  shadowed  way  that  led  from  invalidism 
to  convalescence,  and  then  to  a  vigor  of  health  not  often 
granted  to  a  man  of  my  years. 

My  life  in  recent  months  has  overflowed  with  mercies. 
Among  these  blessings  I  count  the  privilege  that  has  been 
granted  to  me  of  penning  the  reminiscent  story  of  the  "Origin 
and  History,"  of  this  great  Council.  I  beg  the  honor  of  your 
acceptance  of  this  volume  of  over  five  hundred  pages  as  part 
of  my  secretarial  report  of  work  during  the  year  1916.  It 
is  the  fruit  of  mature  years,  but  I  hope  that  you  will  find  that 
it  does  not  entirely  lack  the  "dew  of  the  morning,"  for  a  good 
share  of  its  pages  were  written  last  summer  and  autumn  be- 
tween the  hours  of  four  and  eight  o'clock  a.  m..  Eastern  time. 

I  cherish  the  hope  that  this  volume  will  prove  helpful  to 
future  historians  in  the  interpretation  of  the  reports  that  I 
edited  during  my  secretarial  career  (about  twenty  thousand 
pages),  and  also  aid  in  giving  rightful  place  and  recognition 
to  the  men  who  toiled  strenuously  in  the  pioneer  years  in 
which  the  foundations  of  this  Council  were  laid. 

Sins  of  omission  I  have  to  confess,  but  I  can  truthfully  say, 
in  this  presence,  that  I  have  never  consciously  minimized  or 
ignored  the  service  rendered  by  those  who  were  honored  in 
having  a  part  in  the  magnificent  "team  work"  that  made  pos- 
sible this  hour  and  its  outlook  of  hope  for  the  United  Church 
of  Christ  in  these  United  States; — one  flock  representing  de- 
nominational folds,  of  which  you,  fathers  and  brethren,  are 
the  accredited  delegates. 

150 


ADDRESS  OF  HONORARY  SECRETARY  151 

In  the  time  allotted  to  me  I  shall  not  dwell  upon  the  past. 
For  a  moment  bear  with  me  as  I  speak  of  present  respon- 
sibility and  peer  into  days  near  at  hand.     "Your  young  men 
shall   see   visions   and   your   old   men   shall    dream   dreams." 
I  have  had  my  day  of  visions.    With  a  grateful  heart  I  recall 
the  marvelous  ways  in   which  some  of  them  have  become 
a  part  of  the  working  program  of  the  churches  of  to-day. 
Having  graduated  by  reason  of  years  into  the  "retired  ranks," 
I  am  now  a  dreamer.     Perhaps  I  shall  live  long  enough  to 
supplement  my  story  of  the  years  in  which  I  was  called  vision- 
ary with  a  volume  of  dreams  and  their  fulfilment.    Why  not? 
"For  age  is  opportunity  no  less 
Than  youth  itself,  though  in  another  dress 
And  as  the  evening  twilight  fades  away 
The  sky  is   filled  with   stars   invisible  by  day." 

I  dwell  for  a  moment  upon  one  of  these  reveries  of  advanc- 
ing years  to  which  my  thought  gives  chief  place.  This  dream 
is  a  prayer  that  in  the  years  of  the  quadrennium  upon  which 
we  now  enter  this  Council  may  find  its  rightful  position  in 
the  thought  and  action  of  the  ministry  and  laity  of  the  churches 
connected  with  the  Constituent  Bodies  that  organized  it. 

Am  I  wrong  in  holding  that  this  Council,  if  its  constitution 
is  sustained  and  wisely  interpreted,  links  together  the  churches 
in  its  fellowship  in  a  unity  of  spirit  and  purpose  that  answers 
the  prayer  of  the  divine  Lord  and  Savior?  Loyalty  to  this 
achievement  of  unity  makes  its  members  one  in  Christ.  Chan- 
nels of  united  power  and  influence  have  been  opened  that 
are  even  now  conveying  to  our  land  and  other  lands  the  water 
of  Life  that  flows  from  underneath  the  throne  of  God. 

Protestantism  secured  spiritual  liberty  through  an  open 
Bible.  This  Council  is  America's  contribution  in  the  achieve- 
ment of  unity.  If  in  your  thought  it  is  only  an  excellent 
Association  among  a  multitude  of  outside  agencies  for  good, 
then  I  make  bold  to  affirm  that  you  have  failed  to  catch  the 
vision  of  the  founders. 

In  the  dawn  of  the  twentieth  century  two  conceptions  of 
church  unity  are  making  their  appeal.  The  one  is  that  of 
organic,  legislative  unity — ^the  Roman  conception.  The  other 
is  that  suggested  by  our  Lord  and  his  chief  apostle,  —  one 
Shepherd,  one  flock,  in  wisely  divided  folds.  There  are  dif- 
ferences of  administration,  but  the  same  Lord.  This  is  the 
conception  of  church  unity  held  by  the  founders  of  this  Coun- 


152  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

cil.  It  is  that  manifestation  of  the  unity  of  spirit  for  which 
Luther  and  Calvin  pleaded ;  that  Zinzindorf  and  John  Wesley 
held  aloft  as  a  banner  of  hope  and  leadership;  that  Samuel 
Smucker,  Alexander  Campbell,  Stephen  Olin,  Philip  Schaff, 
and  Theodore  Woolsey  dreamed  of,  believed  in,  and  wrought 
mightily  to  secure. 

As  a  source  of  inspiration  and  loyalty  to  Christ,  this  Council 
has  a  place  of  leadership.  As  such  it  should  command  your 
best  thought  and  receive  constant  recognition  in  your  de- 
nominational assemblies.  Neither  seeking  nor  desiring  legis- 
lative authority,  it  stands  upon  the  one  foundation,  even  Jesus 
the  Christ.  In  matters  of  common  concern  it  asks  that  every 
separate  fold  of  the  one  flock  shall  labor  and  plan  together 
for  the  advancement  of  the  kingdom  of  God.  This  Council  has 
a  high  and  holy  mission  in  two  directions  of  supreme  im- 
portance. First  of  all,  it  is  to  make  the  gospel  of  Christ  para- 
mount in  the  thought  of  men,  the  power  of  God  unto  salvation, 
the  supreme  remedy  for  all  ills.  It  is  a  gospel  that  "truly 
preached,  truly  received,  and  truly  followed  in  all  places  will 
break  down  the  kingdom  of  sin,  Satan,  and  death,  till  at  length 
the  whole  of  this  now  dispersed  sheep  being  gathered  in  one 
flock  shall  become  partakers  of  everlasting  life,  through  the 
merits  and  depth  of  Jesus  Christ  our  Savior." 

This  Council  has  another  mission  that  is  high  and  holy. 
Recognizing  that  in  the  past  divisive  opinions  and  sectarian 
policies  have  been  a  source  of  weakness,  this  is  an  auspicious 
hour  for  the  church  of  Christ  in  its  united  life  to  secure  a 
measure  of  spiritual  authority  that  shall  be  the  source  and 
harbinger  of  victories  that  will  hasten  the  day  when  "every 
knee  shall  bow  and  every  tongue  confess  that  Christ  is  Lord 
to  the  glory  of  God  the  Father."  The  more  perfectly  we 
hold  this  faith  in  unity  of  spirit,  the  more  effectively  will  the 
spiritual  authority  of  the  church  find  recognition  in  the  minds 
of  men.  It  has  been  wisely  said:  "Every  distinctive  body 
of  Christians  may  be  allowed  and  expected  to  remain  loyal  to 
its  own  traditions,  but  the  grand  loyalty  to  be  demanded  of  all 
alike  is  loyalty  to  that  conception  of  Christianity  which  can  be 
realized  and  exemplified  only  in  a  vital  Christian  unity." 

Do  not  mistake  my  thought.  I  have  little  patience  with  the 
shallow  criticism  of  some  so-called  leaders  in  reform  who 
assert  that  the  church  has  so  far  failed  in  ethical  and  moral 
leadership  that  other  instrumentalities  are  taking  its  place. 


ADDRESS  OF  HONORARY  SECRETARY  153 

Where,  I  ask,  do  you  discover  the  fountain-head  of  the  in- 
fluences that  in  recent  years  have  aroused  indignation  against 
individual  and  corporate  greed;  that  has  upset  the  plan  of 
political  tricksters  and  brought  about  the  recent  victories  of 
the  cause  of  temperance  and  purity  ?  Who  can  deny  that  the 
gospel  of  Christ  and  the  spiritual  authority  of  the  church, 
of  which  he  is  the  Head,  is  the  chief  source  of  redemptive 
power  and  life?  As  I  conceive  it,  the  mission  of  this  Council 
is  not  to  meddle  with  questions  of  diplomacy.  Its  action  must 
needs  be  conservative  in  any  deliverances  it  may  make  upon 
questions  in  which  good  men  do  not  agree.  Especially  should 
it  hesitate  to  act  in  matters  where  there  is  difference  of  usage 
and  opinion  among  its  Constituent  Bodies.  There  are  many 
things  that  can  wisely  be  relegated  to  state  and  local  federa- 
tions. Its  publicity  program  is  a  responsibility  that  should 
largely  rest  upon  the  strong  group  of  men  whose  hands  are 
on  the  levers  that  control  the  religious  press.  Do  not  fail  to 
give  abundant  support  to  all  the  Commissions,  and  in  your 
places  of  leadership  I  beg  of  you  brethren  to  see  to  it  that 
the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  is  given  a  place  of  special 
prominence  in  your  denominational  and  local  counsels. 

For  myself  and  others  this  is  an  hour  of  hallowed  memories. 
We  recall  that  hour  when  the  beloved  Samuel  J.  Nichols,  a 
name  carved  deep  into  the  civic  and  religious  life  of  this  great 
city,  stood  upon  the  platform  of  Carnegie  Hall  in  New  York, 
in  1905,  and  made  his  impassioned  plea  for  the  recognition  of 
the  Deity  and  leadership  of  the  risen  Christ  and  glorified  Re- 
deemer of  this  lost  world.  That  plea  was  followed  by  the 
historic  scene  where  officially  appointed  delegates,  representing 
the  larger  part  of  Protestant  American  Christianity,  linked 
hands  and  adopted  the  Constitution  under  which  you  act  to-day. 
There  are  others  voices,  giving  their  message  as  ministering 
spirits  —  Charles  Cuthbert  Hall,  Bishop  Galloway,  Bishop 
Tigert,  Bishop  Mills,  Amory  H.  Bradford,  Bishop  Fowler, 
Bishop  Foss,  Bishop  Whitaker,  Dr.  Elmendorf,  Dr.  John  C. 
Devins,  Dr.  M.  E.  Dwight,  Dr.  William  Hayes  Ward.  Only 
the  other  day,  rest  came  after  a  long  life  of  strenuous  toil  to 
the  beloved  Bishop  Alpheus  W.  Wilson  of  Baltimore,  whose 
prophetic  words  in  the  Conference  of  1905  will  ever  Hnger  in 
our  memory. 

In  the  presence  of  this  cloud  of  witnesses  I  am  confident 
that  this  meeting  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of 


154  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Christ  in  America  will  plan  wisely  and  give  inspiring  leader- 
ship, as  a  new  chapter  is  opened  in  its  history.  Words  fail 
to  express  the  thoughts  of  gratitude  and  joy  that  stir  in  my 
heart  to-day.  The  reports  and  tidings  coming  to  us  from  the 
Commissions  of  the  Council  are  full  of  hope.  We  stand,  if 
faithful  to  the  trust  committed  to  our  keeping,  on  the  threshold 
of  a  new  era  in  the  activities  of  our  American  Christianity. 
God  grant  that  the  leadership  of  a  united  church  in  the  sessions 
of  this  Council  may  prove  not  only  nation-wide  but  world-wide 
in  influence! 


IX. 

Eeport  of  the  General  Secretary  for  1912-1916 

(Including  the  Reports  of  the  Associate  and  Field  Secretaries) 

The  report  of  the  general  secretary  is  concerned  mainly 
with  affairs  of  administration  and  presents  the  more  important 
activities  of  the  administration  which  are  presented  in  full  in 
his  annual  reports  of  1913,  1914,  and  1915.  The  year  1916 
is  treated  more  in  detail  because  no  report  for  this  year  has 
been  printed  separately. 

In  addition  to  his  service  as  general  secretary,  he  has  also 
served  as  executive  secretary  of  the  Commissions  on  the 
Church  and  Social  Service,  Peace  and  Arbitration,  and  Re- 
lations with  Japan. 

The  reports  of  the  other  standing  commissions  and  special 
committees  of  which  he  has  served  as  the  secretary  will  be 
presented  by  their  chairmen  and  therefore  receive  only  slight 
reference  in  this  report. 

It  is  to  be  remembered  also  that  this  report  deals  almost 
solely  with  concrete  matters  closely  related  to  the  central 
administration  of  the  Council,  and  does  not  attempt  to  portray 
any  aspect  of. the  larger  progress  of  that  denominational  co- 
operation which  is  largely  the  outcome  of  the  federative 
movement,  of  which  the  Federal  Council  is  both  the  expression 
and  the  creative  agency.  Such  a  report  cannot,  in  the  nature 
of  the  case,  express  the  spirit  and  state  of  mind  created  by  the 
Federal  Council,  which  are  constantly  bringing  about  new 
movements  for  the  united  activity  of  the  churches,  local, 
national,  and  international.  It  cannot,  in  the  nature  of  the 
case,  deal  with  the  unseen  forces  which  are  working  toward 
a  genuine  denominational  cooperation,  the  progress  of  which, 
even  during  a  year,  would  require  a  volume. 

The  Council  will  also  note  the  absence  of  special  recom- 
mendations for  its  action.  Such  suggestions  and  proposals 
as  the  secretary  felt  called  upon  to  make  have  been  set  before 
the  committee  of  fifteen  and  the  special  committee  appointed 
by  the  executive  committee  to  consider  and  report  upon  neces- 
sary changes  in  the  constitution  of  the  Council. 

The  reports  of  the  associate  secretaries  and  the  field  secre- 

155 


156  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

tary  accompany  this  report,  and  the  Council  may  be  assured 
that  its  various  secretaries  pursue  their  work  constantly  in 
closest  spirit  of  cooperation  and  with  entire  harmony. 

Acting  in  its  representative  capacity,  the  Council  has, 
from  time  to  time,  made  utterances  expressing  the  mind  of 
the  churches  and  has  engaged  in  certain  important  activities 
in  this  same  representative  manner.  This  function  of  the 
Council  is  illustrated  in  such  utterances  as  that  regarding  the 
moral  tone  of  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposition,  various  appeals 
for  help  necessitated  by  conditions  arising  out  of  the  war,  the 
preparation  for  observance  of  the  Week  of  Prayer  and  similar 
programs ;  the  appointment  of  the  Committee  of  One  Hundred 
for  Religious  Work  at  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposition,  the 
war  relief  movement,  and  certain  other  matters  connected 
with  our  international  relations. 

In  these  matters  the  limitations  of  the  Council  have  been 
recognized,  and  such  utterances  have  been  made  and  such 
movements  projected  as  would  be  sure  to  meet  the  general, 
if  not  indeed,  the  unanimous  approval  of  the  constituent 
bodies. 

Some  of  the  more  important  of  these  utterances  and  ac- 
tivities are  worthy  of  record. 

VARIOUS  MEMORIALS 

In  compliance  with  the  vote  of  the  executive  committee  a 
communication  was  presented  to  President  Woodrow  Wilson 
at  the  White  House  March  25,  1913,  by  the  Rev.  Wallace 
Radcliffe,  of  Washington,  and  the  secretary : 

February  20,   1913. 
To  the  Hon.  Woodrow  Wilson,  Presideni-Elect  of  the  United  States, 

Princeton,  New  Jersey: 

The  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Qirist  in  America 
extends  to  you  the  good-will  and  the  prayerful  sympathy  of  the 
churches  of  Christ,  and  tenders  you  the  serious  and  earnest  co- 
operation of  the  forces  represented  by  the  churches,  as  you  take  up 
the  task,  as  the  chief  magistrate  of  the  nation,  of  guiding  the  moral 
forces  of  the  people,  and  of  the  leadership  of  the  nations  of  the  world. 

Your  warm  and  sympathetic  sense  of  our  democracy;  your 
conviction  expressed  in  so  many  ways,  both  by  utterance  and  execu- 
tion, that  our  social  order  must  be  fashioned  after  the  kingdoni 
of  God  as  taught  by  Jesus  Christ;  together  with  your  public  faith- 
fulness and  your  personal  faith,  lead  the  churches  of  the  nation  to 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  157 

look  with  confidence  to  the  performance  of  the  serious  and  solemn 
duties  of  the  coming  years. 

The  beginning  of  your  first  quadrennium  as  President  is  almost 
coincident  with  the  beginning  of  the  second  quadrennium  of  the 
Federal  Council.  While  you  are  planning  for  these  four  years,  the 
Federal  Council  is  also  projecting  for  the  same  term  of  years,  larger 
movements  in  the  interest  of  the  spirit  and  realization  of  Christian 
unity  expressed  by  the  Council.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  without  unwise 
embarrassment,  with  both  sympathy  and  discrimination,  with  social 
vision  and  social  emotion,  the  political  forces  of  the  nation,  and  its 
moral  forces  as  embodied  in  the  churches  of  Christ,  may  feel  and 
serve  together  for  the  social  and  spiritual  well-being  of  the  people. 

For  the  Council, 
(Signed)  William  I.  Haven, 

Chairman  of  the  Administrative  Committee; 
(Signed)  Rivington  D.  Lord, 

Recording  Secretary  of  the  Administrative  Committee; 
(Signed)  Charles  S.  Macfarland, 

Secretary  of  the  Council, 
As  ordered  by  the  Council,  the  following  memorial  was 
presented  upon  the  same  occasion : 

March  25,   1913. 
To  the  President  of  the  United  States,  the  Senate,  and  the  House  of 
Representatives: 

The  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America  com- 
posed of  delegates  from  thirty  evangelical  denominations  with  ap- 
proximately 150,000  churches  and  17,000,000  constituent  members,  at 
its  quadrennial  session  at  Chicago,  December  4-11,  1912,  unanimously 
adopted  a  resolution  urging  the  federal  government  to  take  early  action 
in  recognizing  the  Republic  of  China. 

Pursuant   to   the   action   of   the   Council   we  have  the  honor   to 
transmit  this  resolution  with  the  request  that  it  be  given  such  attention 
as  the  representative  character  of  the  Council  may  warrant. 
(Signed)  Shailer  Mathews, 

President; 
(Signed)  Rivington   D.  Lord, 

Recording  Secretary; 
(Signed)  Frank  Mason  North, 

Chairman   of   Executive   Committee; 
(Signed)  Charles    S.    Macfarland, 

Secretary  of  the  Council. 

Several  formal  memorials,  recorded  in  full  in  the  general 


153  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

secretary's  report  for  1913,  were  conveyed  to  the  President 
and  other  officials  in  Washington  relative  to  chaplains  in  the 
army  and  navy,  to  which  favorable  replies  were  received. 

The  result  of  these  memorials  will  be  fully  reported  by 
Dr.  Carroll. 

The  following  response  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States  is  worthy  of  record : 

White  House,  Washington,  D.  C, 
March  26,  1913. 
Dear  Dr.  Macfarland: 

Allow  me  to  acknowledge  more  formally  than  was  possible  the 
other  day  when  you  called  at  my  office,  the  receipt  of  the  several 
papers  you  then  handed  me.  I  need  not  tell  you  how  deeply  I  appreci- 
ate the  address  of  confidence  addressed  directly  to  me  on  the  part 
of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America,  or  how 
greatly  it  adds  to  my  sense  of  being  supported  and  guided  to  have 
such  feelings  and  confidence  expressed. 

I  appreciate,  also,  the  weight  and  significance  of  the  resolutions 
of  the  Council  with  regard  to  the  early  recognition  of  the  Republic 
of  China. 

The  memorial  with  regard  to  the  assignment  of  the  proper  quota 
of  chaplains  to  the  various  divisions  of  our  land  and  naval  forces 
impressed  me  very  much  indeed. 

For  all  of  these  interesting  and  important  papers,  allow  me  to 
thank  you  and  your  colleagues. 

Cordially  and  sincerely  yours, 

(Signed)        Woodrow  Wilson. 
Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland, 
New  York. 

In  response  to  a  call  from  missionaries  in  China  and  in 
conjunction  with  similar  action  by  the  Free  Church  Council 
of  England,  through  cable  correspondence,  the  following  call 
was  sent  out  to  the  churches  relative  to  the  Republic  of  China : 

April  18,  1913. 
To  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America: 

The  appeal  of  the  Chinese  government  to  all  the  Christian  churches 
in  China,  to  set  aside  Sunday,  April  27,  as  a  day  for  prayer  that 
China  may  be  guided  to  a  wise  solution  of  her  problems,  as  officially 
confirmed  to  us  by  the  Associated  Press  to-day,  is  a  deep  source 
of  joy  and  is  of  the  deepest  meaning  to  the  churches  of  Christ 
throughout  the  world. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  159 

The  government  of  China  has  requested  prayer  for  the  National 
Assembly,  the  new  government,  the  new  President  of  the  Republic 
soon  to  be  elected,  for  the  Constitution  of  the  Republic,  for  the  recog- 
nition of  the  Republic  by  the  powers,  for  the  maintenance  of  peace, 
and  for  the  election  of  strong  and  virtuous  men  to  office. 

This  is,  we  believe,  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the  world  that 
such  an  appeal  has  come  from  such  a  source. 

The  Federal  Council,  by  action  taken  at  its  second  quadrennial 
session  in  Chicago,  has  already  memorialized  the  President  to  recog- 
nize the  new  Republic.  We  now  feel  that  this  action,  taken  last 
December,  is  justified  in  a  most  remarkable  manner.  The  voice 
of  the  new  Republic  does  not  sound  unlike  that  of  our  own  nation 
in  the  days  of  its  early  institution. 

We,  therefore,  urge  that  the  churches  of  Christ  in  America  unite 
with  the  churches  of  Christ  in  China,  in  the  observance  of  Sunday, 
April  27,  as  a  universal  day  of  earnest  prayer  and  expression  of  pro- 
found sympathy  with  the  Republic  whose  government  thus  seeks  from 
its  beginning,  as  did  our  own,  the  blessing  and  the  guidance  of 
Almighty  God. 

(Signed)  Shailer  Mathews, 

President  of  the  Council; 

(Signed)  Frank  Mason  North, 

Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee; 

(Signed)  William  I.  Haven, 

Chairman  of  the  Administrative  Committee; 

(Signed)  Robert  E.  Speer, 

Chairmen^  of  the  Commission  on  Foreign  Missions;^ 

(Signed)  Charles  S.  Macfarland, 

Secretary  of  the  Council. 

The  various  communications  between  the  office  of  the 
Federal  Council  and  the  various  federations  and  other  bodies 
in  Japan  v^ill  be  recorded  in  the  report  of  the  Commission 
on  Relations  with  Japan. 

The  president,  Shailer  Mathews,  the  chairman  of  the  ex- 
ecutive committee,  the  Rev.  Frank  Mason  North,  and  the  secre- 
tary, in  cooperation  with  the  American  Jewish  committee, 
signed  an  important  memorial  addressed  to  the  Czar  of  Russia, 
protesting  against  the  trial  for  ritual  murder  in  Russia. 

The  following  communication  was  received  from  the 
American  Jewish  committee; 


160  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

November  13,  1913. 
Dear  Dr.  Macfarland: 

I  thank  you  warmly  for  the  appeal  to  the  Czar  of  Russia,  asking 
him  to  withdraw  the  false  ritual  murder  accusation  against  the  Jew 
recently  on  trial  in  Kief. 

Be  assured  that  the  Jewish  people  everywhere  will  deeply  ap- 
preciate your  broad  sympathy  and  your  willingness  to  come  forward 
and  express  your  protest  against  this  despicable  evidence  of  bigotry 
and  race  hatred. 

We  feel  that  this  appeal  has  been  most  effective  even  though  the 
state  department  did  not  transmit  it  through  diplomatic  channels. 
Its  publication  in  the  press  both  here  and  abroad,  has  produced  an 
excellent  impression  and  in  all  likelihood  has  had  the  desired  effect 
on  the  Russian  government. 

In  commenting  on  the  verdict  of  Beilis,  Mr.  Louis  Marshall, 
president  of  this  committee,  said,  "Though  this  proceeding  has  been 
most  painful  to  those  who  had  fancied  that  the  world  had  progressed 
beyond  the  manifestation  of  childish  or  malign  superstition  and  its 
acceptance  as  the  basis  of  judicial  inquiry,  there  is  nevertheless  another 
phase  of  this  episode  which  is  encouraging,  and  that  is  the  noble 
attitude  of  the  Christian  clergy  of  the  United  States,  who  joined  with 
singular  unanimity  in  an  impressive  protest  against  the  charge  of 
ritual  murder — one  of  the  finest  exhibitions  of  broad-mindedness  and 
of  the  very  essence  of  religion  that  the  world  has  ever  beheld." 

With  assurances  of  our  high  esteem  and  appreciation  we  beg  to 
remain, 

Very  respectfully  yours. 

The  American  Jewish  Committee, 

(Signed)     Herman  Bernstein,  Secretary. 

Dr.  Charles  S.  Macfarland, 
Secretary,  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America. 

The  secretary  was  instructed  to  have  prepared  a  suitable 
communication  which  was  conveyed  by  the  Rev.  Albert  G. 
Lawson  to  the  Judson  Centennial  Celebration  at  Boston : 

June  16,  1914. 
To   The  American  Baptist   Foreign   Mission   Society,  at  its  Judson 

Centennial  Celebration,  Boston,  June  25,  1914. 
Greeting: 

It  is  fitting  that  in  this  historic  gathering  the  Federal  Council 
of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America  should  speak  for  thirty  families 
of  Christ's  followers,  and  that  through  the  Council,  they  should  all 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  161 

participate  in  these  memorials  of  a  gratifying  achievement  of  whose 
fruits  they  have  all  partaken. 

This  federation  was  born  of  the  conviction  that  churches  of 
Christ  were  agreed  in  more  things  and  in  things  more  important, 
than  those  in  which  they  differed,  and  that  they  could  do  their  best 
work,  not  in  separation  but  in  heartfelt  cooperation.  Through  the 
Council  17,000,000  Christian  men  and  women  have  become  members 
one  of  another. 

The  Federal  Council  represents  unity  without  concern  for  uni- 
formity, and  strives  to  bring  forth  in  each  of  its  constituent  bodies 
Its  very  best,  and  to  blend  that  best  with  the  best  in  the  others; 
in  spiritual  life  and  service,  in  national  and  international  brotherhood 
and  peace,  in  education  and  evangelization,  it  seeks  the  highest  ideals 
of  all. 

One  of  the  most  significant  spheres  of  the  federative  move-- 
ment  has  been  that  of  foreign  missions.  It  is  true  to-day,  as  it 
was  among  the  Thessalonians,  that  converts  in  heathen  lands  excel 
in  the  faith  that  works,  the  love  that  toils,  the  hope  that  endures;  and 
to-day  light  shines,  not  only  upon  the  heathen  world,  but  streams 
out  from  it. 

The  results  of  the  great  religious  movement  inaugurated  by  Judson 
and  his  associates  are  many  and  far-reaching  for  faith  and  conduct, 
and  with  silent  force  act  and  react  upon  each  other.  This  century  of 
missions  has  changed  the  emphasis  for  all  our  churches  from  God's 
sovereignty  to  his  loving-kindness;  from  the  miraculous  ministry  to 
the  moral  and  spiritual  glory  of  the  Son  of  God.  We  have  learned  that 
the  true  motive  of  missions  is  set  deep  in  the  soul  of  man  and 
charged  to  the  full  with  the  very  life  and  love  of  God. 

It  is  from  these  fields  of  service  abroad  that  the  richest  fruits 
of  spiritual  unity  are  garnered.  With  what  unspeakable  joy  would 
Carey  and  Judson  read  the  year  book  of  missions  in  India,  Burma, 
and  Ceylon,  with  its  comprehensive  report  of  the  many-sided  mission 
work  in  these  countries,  a  book  no  single  denomination  could  possibly 
produce ! 

One  of  the  most  significant  reports  at  the  recent  Federal  Council 
in  Chicago  in  1912  was  that  of  the  Commission  on  Foreign  Missions, 
setting  forth  the  achievements  of  unity  and  federation  on  the  foreign 
field.  One  of  the  most  important  undertakings  of  the  Federal  Council 
at  the  present  moment  is  that  of  its  Commission  on  Relations  with 
Japan,  which  has  been  brought  to  undertake  a  far-reaching  task,  by 
memorials  from  our  missionaries  and  their  churches. 

When  we  have  more  races  to  seek  and  to  save  than  we  have 


162  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

differences  to  solve,  and  more  dialects  to  conquer  for  Christ  than  we 
have  divisions  into  names  and  sects  which  confuse  the  heathen,  we 
do  well  to  emphasize  the  strength  of  unity  in  Christian  endeavor. 
Indeed  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  there  would  have  been  no 
unity  among  Christian  churches,  such  as  we  see  to-day  in  our  Federal 
Council,  if  it  had  not  been  for  the  missionary  movement,  since  the 
Christ  spirit  only  can  beget  the  Christ  life.  Paganism,  united  at  least 
in  its  opposition,  is  now  to  be  met  by  the  united  front  of  Christianity, 
and  when  thirty  such  churches  as  are  represented  in  the  Federal 
Council  advance  together  to  the  conquest  of  the  world  for  our  Lord 
and  King  we  are  not  far  from  the  fullest  victory  the  cross  has  ever 
gained. 

The  most  audacious  words  ever  breathed  into  human  language 
are  Jesus'  sayings:  "Go,  and  make  disciples  of  all  the  nations."  "I 
will  draw  all  men  unto  myself."  "I  in  them,  and  thou  in  me,  that  they 
may  be  perfected  into  one;  that  the  world  may  know  that  thou  didst 
send  me,  and  lovedst  them  even  as  thou  lovedst  me."  The  heresy  of 
unbelief  and  the  heresy  of  inaction  have  one  root;  hence,  if  he  that 
believeth  not  is  condemned,  how  can  he  escape  who  goeth  not?  Contri- 
bution plates  may  be  truer  tests  of  orthodoxy  than  articles  of  faith. 
The  world  needs  to-day  that  the  spirit  of  Christian  missions  impregnate 
the  Christian  civilization. 

The  Federal  Council,  from  the  very  beginning,  has  had  among 
its  active  spirits  none  more  faithful  than  your  own  ministers  and 
members,  and  at  the  recent  quadrennial  council  in  Chicago  it  elected 
one  of  your  number  to  what  may  possibly  be  said  to  be  the  highest 
honor  conferred  by  the  churches  of  Christ.  As  a  great  and  free 
people  you  have  exalted  the  lordship  of  Christ,  the  priesthood  of 
believers,  the  democracy  of  the  church,  the  separation  of  church  and 
state,  and  the  glory  of  world-wide  missions;  and  in  your  adhesion 
to  these  principles  through  good  report  and  evil  report,  in  dark  days 
or  bright,  you  have  given  great  encouargement  to  all  your  brethren  in 
other  communions. 

In  the  various  bodies  that  go  to  make  up  our  federation  no  name 
is  more  highly  honored  than  that  of  Judson,  the  pioneer  American 
missionary,  and  of  our  commissions  among  the  first  in  dignity  and 
service  is  our  Commission  on  Foreign  Missions.  As  your  fellow 
workers  in  the  Federal  Council,  we  most  devoutly  pray  that  multitudes 
may  arise  with  the  spirit  of  Judson  for  work  at  home  and  abroad,  and 
that  you  may  abound  and  excel  yet  more  and  more  unto  the  doing  of 
the  perfect  will  of  God. 

By  appointment  of  the  administrative  committee,  the  Rev.  Albert 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  163 

G.  Lawson,  an  honored  member  of  that  committee  and  of  the  execu- 
tive committee  of  the  Federal  Council,  becomes  our  messenger  to 
convey  this  greeting  and  to  represent  the  Federal  Council  of  the 
Churches  of  Christ  in  America  and  the  138,000  churches  of  the 
thirty  denominations  of  the  Council  at  the  Judson  Centennial  Celebra- 
tion. 

(Signed)  Shailer  Mathews, 

President; 
(Signed)  Frank  Mason  North, 

Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee; 
(Signed)  William  I.  Haven, 

Chairman  of  the  Administrative  Committee; 
(Signed)  Charles  S.  Macfarland, 

Secretary  of  the  Council. 

REPRESENTATIVE  ACTIVITIES 

Acting  in  its  representative  capacity,  the  Council  has  ap- 
pointed committees  and  set  up  various  movements,  the  more 
important  of  which  are  the  following : 

The  Committee  of  One  Hundred  for  Religious  Work  at 
the  Panama-Pacific  Exposition,  which  has  made  its 
report  in  a  bound  volume  entitled  "Report  of  the  Com- 
mittee of  One  Hundred." 

Committees  on  the  celebration  of  the  anniversary  of  the 
death  of  John  Huss. 

A  delegation  to  attend  the  Church  Peace  Conference  at 
Constance,  Germany,  in  August,  19 14. 

A  committee  to  cooperate  in  the  coming  religious  census 
of  the  United   States. 

Various  committees  to  cooperate  with  other  bodies  in 
matters  of  social  and  moral  reform. 

A  joint  committee  representing  the  various  denominations, 
to  prepare  for  an  appropriate  general  observance  of  the 
quadri-centennial  of  the  Protestant  Reformation. 

COMMITTEE  OF  ONE  HUNDRED  FOR  RELIGIOUS 
WORK    AT    THE  PANAMA-PACIFIC 
EXPOSITION 
This  report  consists  of  a  bound  volume,  which  will  be 
submitted  with  the  report  of  the  executive  committee. 

The  following  letter  was  conveyed  in  May,  191 3,  to  the 
mayor  of  San  Francisco  and  the  board  of  directors  of  the 
Exposition : 


164  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

By  unanimous  vote  of  the  administrative  committee  of  the 
Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America,  whose  con- 
stituent bodies  number  thirty  Protestant  evangelical  denominations, 
the  following  resolution  is  hereby  respectfully  submitted  to  you: 

Whereas,  There  is  to  be  held  in  the  city  of  San  Francisco  in 
1915  a  great  exposition  in  which  both  American  and  foreign  nations 
are  to  participate,  and 

Whereas,  The  moral  conditions  under  which  such  an  exposition 
is  held  are  a  matter  of  immediate  and  general  concern,  be  it  hereby 

Resolved,  That  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in 
America  do  earnestly  urge  the  city  government  of  San  Francisco 
and  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Exposition  to  adopt  every  means 
to  prevent  the  exploiting  of  the  Exposition  by  commercialized  vice 
and  to  protect  the  visitors  to  San  Francisco  from  such  influence  as 
would  tend  to  lower  public  morals  and  injure  the  good  name  of 
San  Francisco  and  America. 

Respectfully  yours, 

(Signed)  Shailer  Mathews, 

President; 

(Signed)  Frank  Mason  North, 

Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee; 

(Signed)  William  I.  Haven, 

Chairman  of  the  Administrative  Committee; 

(Signed)  Charles  S.  Macfarland 

Secretary  of  the  Council, 

The  following  reply  was  received  from  the  mayor  of  San 
Francisco : 

Mayor's  Office, 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  May  20,  1913. 
Professor  Shailer  Mathews,  President,  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches 

of  Christ  in  America,  1611  Clarendon  Building,  215  Fourth  Avenue, 

New  York  City,  N.  Y. 
My  Dear  Sir: 

I  beg  to  acknowledge  receipt  of  your  communication  of  the  7th 
instant  submitting  to  me  therewith  a  copy  of  a  resolution  adopted 
by  your  Council,  which  I   note. 

The  good  name  of  San  Francisco  and  her  moral  welfare  are 
of  the  keenest  concern  to  me  and  to  the  city  administration.  I 
do  not  hesitate  to  say,  and  to  guarantee  to  you,  that  San  Francisco 
and  the  affairs  of  the  exposition  may  be  safely  entrusted  to  those 
in  authority.  They  are  sincere  and  determined  in  their  efforts  to 
suppress  vice  and  crime,  and  to  make  San  Francisco  a  clean,  whole- 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  165 

some  metropolis,  worthy  in  every  respect  to  be  the  World's  Exposition 
city,  and  to  make  the  Exposition  itself  one  of  which  the  nation 
may  well  be  proud. 

Thanking  you  for  your  interest  in  the  matter,  I  am. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 
(Signed)  James  Rolph,  Jr., 

Mayor, 

While  the  secretary  was  in  San  Francisco  the  mayor  in- 
vited an  interview  with  him  and  gave  renewed  assurances  of 
his  earnest  intent  to  see  that  the  spirit  of  the  Federal  Council 
resolution  was  carried  out  in  connection  with  the  Exposition. 

The  executive  committee,  however,  recommended  continued 
effort  to  secure  a  high  moral  tone  for  the  Exposition  and 
referred  the  matter  to  the  Commission  on  the  Church  and 
Social  Service.  The  commission  was  in  constant  conference 
with  various  social  organizations,  more  especially  the  Amer- 
ican Social  Hygiene  Association. 

With  the  authorization  of  the  administrative  committee, 
correspondence  was  taken  up  with  various  pastors  and  re- 
ligious leaders  in  San  Francisco  and  on  the  coast,  and  by 
general  consent  two  representatives  of  the  American  Social 
Hygiene  Association  were  appointed  to  make  an  investigation. 

As  the  result  of  this  investigation  the  following  letter, 
which  amply  explains  the  situation,  was  sent  to  the  Mayor  of 
San  Francisco  and  the  president  of  the  Exposition.  It  should 
be  noted  that  no  reply  to  this  letter  has  been  received. 

September  27,  1915. 
Hon.  James  Rolph,  Jr.,  Mayor  of  San  Francisco,  and  Mr.  Charles  C. 

Moore,  President  of  the  Panama  Pacific  Exposition,  San  Francisco, 

California. 
Dear  Sirs: 

On  May  7,  1913,  a  letter  was  conveyed  to  you  over  our  sig- 
natures on  behalf  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ 
in  America,  urging  "the  city  government  of  San  Francisco  and  the 
board  of  directors  of  the  Exposition  to  adopt  every  means  to  pre- 
vent the  exploiting  of  the  exposition  by  commercialized  vice  and  to 
protect  the  visitors  to  San  Francisco  from  such  influence  as  would  tend 
to  lower  public  morals  and  injure  the  good  name  of  San  Francisco 
and  America.'* 

Your  replies  dated  May  13,  May  20,  1913,  and  Jan.  20,  1915,  were 
such  as  to  assure  us  that  such  action  would  be  taken. 

This  action  of  the  Federal  Council  was  approved  by  all  its  con- 


166  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

stituent  bodies,  by  many  local  federations  of  churches,  and  local 
ecclesiastical  conferences. 

Later,  in  December  of  1913,  and  again  in  December,  1914,  the 
executive  committee  of  the  Federal  Council,  having  received  reported 
statements  that  there  was  danger  of  neglect  in  this  important  matter, 
took  further  action  which  was  at  that  time  conveyed  to  you.  Various 
national  social  organizations  were  at  this  time  associated  with  the 
churches  in  this  endeavor. 

At  about  this  time,  statements  were  sent  broadcast,  purporting 
to  emanate  from  your  various  offices,  assuring  and  reassuring  the 
people  that  they  need  have  no  fears,  and  stating  certain  explicit 
provisions  which  were  promised  in  the  interest  of  protection,  some 
of  which,  according  to  authoritative  report,  do  not  seem  to  have 
been  carried  out. 

Meanwhile,  the  Federal  Council  in  good  faith  entered  into  the 
heartiest  cooperation  to  make  the  Exposition  a  success,  rendered 
such  assistance  as  it  could  to  the  heads  of  the  various  departments, 
arranged  for  a  large  number  of  conferences  for  the  religious  bodies, 
issued  and  distributed  widely  a  directory  of  exposition  conferences, 
promoted  a  religious  exhibit,  appointed  a  committee  of  one  hundred 
to  conduct  continuous  activities  during  the  Exposition  period  and  in 
every  way  possible  sought  to  carry  out  a  constructive  policy. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  administrative  committee  in  September, 
two  reports  were  considered  by  the  committee, —  one  dated  in  June 
from  Dr.  Thomas  D.  Eliot,  field  secretary,  and  the  other  of  more 
recent  date  from  Mr.  Bascom  Johnson,  counsel  of  the  American  Social 
Hygiene  Association.  While  these  reports  thus  come  from  authorized 
officials  of  such  an  organization  that  they  would  not  call  for  con- 
firmation, it  may  be  said  that  they  were  emphatically  confirmed  by 
letters  from  many  notable  citizens,  both  clergymen  and  laymen  in 
San  Francisco  and  on  the  coast. 

You  are,  undoubtedly,  familiar  with  these  and  other  similar  signed 
reports  so  that  we  do  not  need  to  review  their  contents. 

They  make  it  clear  to  the  churches  and  to  the  people  that, 
whether  through  inability  or  {through  complicity,  the  officials  of 
the  city  and  of  the  Exposition  have  not  kept  the  promises  made 
to  the  people  of  the  United  States.  Some  of  the  items  of  these 
reports  are  of  such  a  nature  that  we  are  forced  to  accept  the  con- 
clusion that  these  officials  have  not  attempted  to  keep  their  promises, 
and  the  early  reports  which  caused  our  first  memorial  to  you — 
that  organized  vice  was  to  exploit  the  Exposition  for  commercial 
gain — are  now  confirmed. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  W 

You  should  be  reminded  that  this  cannot  be  charged  to  civic 
indifference,  for  you  have  been  constantly  receiving  pressure,  both 
local   and   national,   both  general  and   explicit. 

We  feel  that  we  should  r«»cord  our  protest  and  express  our  deep 
regret  that  an  Exposition  so  replete  with  educational  and  uplifting 
influences  should  have  in  connection  with  it  these  vicious  influences 
which,  according  to  the  reports  before  us,  are  so  strong  that  they 
compel  us  to  feel  that  the  Exposition  has  violated  the  moral  ideals 
which  should  have  Controlled  it,  and  which  you  assured  would 
control  it. 

Respectfully  yours, 

Shailer  Mathews, 

President; 
Frank  Mason  North, 
Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee; 
WnxiAM  I.  Haven, 
Chairman  of  the  Administrative  Committee; 
Charles  S.  Macfarland, 
General  Secretary  of  the  Federal 
Council    of    the   Churches   of 
Christ  in  America. 

In  this  connection  it  should  be  said  that  while  the  combined 
influence  of  the  churches  and  the  social  organizations  did  not 
secure  the  ends  desired,  there  is  little  doubt  but  that  the  pres- 
sure brought  to  bear  did  result  in  lessening  the  evil,  especially 
so  far  as  the  condition  inside  the  grounds  of  the  Exposition 
is  concerned. 

Moreover,  the  experience  in  relation  to  this  Exposition  may- 
be of  value  in  securing  safeguards  v^^henever  a  future  exposi- 
tion may  seek  assistance  from  Congress  and  ask  the  coopera- 
tion of  the  people. 

WEEK  OF  PRAYER 

In  accordance  with  the  vote  of  the  executive  committee, 
the  following  call  to  prayer  was  sent  out  to  the  churches  in 
March,  1914: 

A  CALL  TO  PRAYER  BY  THE  FEDERAL  COUNCIL  OF 
THE  CHURCHES  OF  CHRIST  IN  AMERICA 
To  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America: 

In  the  name  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ 
in  America,  in  accordance  with  instructions  from  the  executive  com- 


168  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

mittee,  we  send  forth,  during  this  appropriate  season  of  the  year, 
this  call  to  united  intercession,  earnestly  requesting  every  pastor  to 
lead  his  congregation  in  prayer: 

That  the  spirit  of  Christian  unity  may  be  rapidly  deepened  in 
all  the  churches,  through  the  quickened  consciousness  of  the  presence 
of  Christ  in  the  hearts  of  his  disciples;  that  as  they  all  draw  closer 
to  him  they  may  be  drawn  closer  to  one  another  and  may  realize  in 
him  the  one  center  of  union  of  faith  and  life; 

That  the  spirit  of  God  may  fill  the  churches  with  evangelical 
fervor  and  zeal,  to  the  end  that  through  a  larger  faith  and  a 
deeper  realization  of  the  need  of  regeneration  in  the  lives  of  men, 
there  may  come  such  consecration  to  spiritual  service  as  shall  bring 
the  people  to  the  feet  of  Christ ; 

That  the  united  power  of  the  Christian  churches  may  be  divinely 
guided  in  the  work  of  carrying  the  Christian  gospel  to  heathen  lands ; 
the  practise  of  Christian  brotherhood  to  those  who  come  to  our  shores 
from  other  countries,  with  an  earnest  effort  to  bring  them  to  Christ; 
the  effective  distribution  and  development  of  religious  forces  in  home 
mission  fields;  the  deepening  of  Christian  sentiment  against  the  liquor 
traffic,  individual  and  social  impurity,  and  all  the  other  evils  of  human 
society;  the  restoration  and  the  conservation  of  a  true  Christian 
Sunday  such  as  shall  preserve  both  the  physical  and  the  spiritual 
life  of  the  people;  a  larger  earnestness  in  the  religious  education 
of  our  youth;  the  spiritual  interpretation  of  marriage,  the  family, 
and  the  home;  the  realization  of  a  just  and  humane  social  order 
through  the  development  of  a  Christian  democracy;  a  spirit  of  brother- 
hood which  will  bring  everlasting  peace  among  all  the  nations  of  the 
world;  and  as  the  sole  means  to  all  these  ends,  the  cultivation  of  that 
spiritual  life  and  passion  which  come  through  a  knowledge  of  the 
heart 'and  mind  of  Christ  and  the  acknowledgment  of  his  divine  nature 
and  sovereign  power. 

(Signed)  Shailer  Mathews, 

President; 

(Signed)  Frank  Mason  North, 

Chairman  Executive  Committee; 

(Signed)  Charles  S.  Macfarland, 

Secretary. 

Subjects  for  the  Week  of  Prayer  were  sent  out  in  191 5 
and  1916. 

Accompanying  the  subjects  for  January,  19 16  was  the 
following  message: 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  169 

To  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America  and  to  the  People  of  God  in 

Every  Nation: 
Brethren,  Beloved  in  the  Lord: 

Throughout  the  whole  world,  this  word  of  our  God  seems  to  be 
sounding  in  the  ears  of  praying  people  day  and  night.  This  is  a 
day  of  trouble,  when  in  so  many  lands  and  among  so  many  nations 
agony  and  suffering  are  multiplied  by  the  wounding  and  killing  of 
God's  beloved  children.  As  the  sin  of  war  is  more  evident  now  than 
ever  before  in  human  history,  so  is  the  help  which  can  come  only  from 
God  more  vitally  essential  than  ever  before.  As  it  is  impossible  to 
overstate  the  horrors  of  war,  so  we  may  be  profoundly  grateful  that  it 
is  impossible  to  exaggerate  the  power  and  grace  of  our  God  who  invites 
us  to  cry  unto  him  for  help. 

Yet  no  sooner  do  we  begin  to  cry  to  him  than  we  are  confronted 
with  the  unspeakable  sorrow  of  a  divided  Christendom.  Christians  are 
grouped  into  many  bands  under  different  names  suggesting  the  sway 
of  the  human  spirit  rather  than  that  of  the  divine  Spirit.  The  great 
prayer  of  our  Lord;  "that  they  may  all  be  one;  even  as  thou,  Father, 
art  in  me,  and  I  in  thee,  that  they  also  may  be  in  us:  that  the 
world  may  believe  that  thou  didst  send  me,"  is  yet  unfulfilled.  Surely, 
praying  people  of  every  race  and  tongue  in  all  the  earth  will  fall 
down  before  our  God  in  the  opening  of  the  new  year  and  beseech  of 
him  for  these  overshadowing  objects  of  intercession,  peace,  and  unity. 

"Though  sundered  far,  by  faith  they  meet 
Around  one  common  mercy  seat." 

Beyond  the  borders  thought  of  heretofore,  may  we  hope  to  extend 
this  appeal  for  prayer,  since  Jews  and  Gentiles,  bond  and  free,  Christian 
and  non-Christian,  are  involved  in  the  common  distress  and  the  com- 
mon need.  Let  us  pray  that  the  God  of  Abraham,  of  Isaac,  and  of 
Jacob,  the  God  and  Father  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  will  pour  out 
again  his  spirit  for  the  reawakening  of  his  people  of  every  name; 
that  all  who  wait  upon  him  may  be  refreshed  so  that  the  whole  world 
will  come  back  to  renewed  faith  in  God;  and  that  great  reformations 
and  revivals  of  true  religion  may  fallow  in  every  land,  hastening  the 
day  when 

"The  earth  shall  be  full  of  the  knowledge  of  the  Lord,  as  the 
waters  cover  the  sea." 

The   following  message  was   sent   out  in   October,    191 6, 
jointly  with  the  World's  Evangelical  Alliance: 


170  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

TO  THE  CHURCHES  OF  CHRIST  IN  AMERICA  AND 
TO  THE  CHRISTIAN  PEOPLE  THROUGH- 
OUT THE  NATION: 

The  Federal  Council  has  received  and  ad9pted  the  sub- 
jects for  the  Week  of  Prayer  sent  forth  by  the  World's 
Evangelical  Alliance,  with  the  approval  of  the  Evangelical 
Alliance  for  the  United  States  of  America. 

FEDERAL  COUNCIL  OF 

THE  CHURCHES  OF  CHRIST  IN  AMERICA 
SHAILER  MATHEWS,  President; 
CHARLES  S.  MACFARLAND,  General  Secretary. 

UNUM   CORPUS   SUMUS   IN   CHRISTO 

WORLD'S  EVANGELICAL  ALLIANCE 
INVITATION  FOR  THE  ANNUAL 

UNIVERSAL  WEEK  OP  PRAYER 

(ORGANIZED  BY  THE  ALLIANCE  SINCE  1846) 
Sunday,  Dec.  31,  1916,  to  Saturday,  Jan.  6,  1917 
Will  all  Christian  leaders  and  workers  please  make  arrange- 
taents  to  bring  Christians  together  for  united  prayer,  daily,  during 
this  week,  and  to  circulate  the  program  widely?  Preachers  are 
earnestly  asked  to  preach  on  the  suggested  texts  for  sermons  on 
Sunday,  December  31,  and  to  bring  the  Universal  Week  of  Prayer 
before  their  congregations. 

TO  THOSE  WHO  FOLLOW  CHRIST  IN  EVERY  LAND 

DEAR  BRETHREN  IN  THE  LORD: 

"Grace  be  to  you,  and  peace,  from  God  our  Father  and 
from  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ."  In  sending  to  you  greetings 
and  salutations,  we  call  you  once  again  to  unite  in  prayer 
to  Almighty  God  for  blessing  on  the  church  and  the  world. 

It  is  very  meet,  right,  and  our  bounden  duty  that  we 
should  at  all  times  and  in  all  places  give  thanks  unto  him, 
and  there  are  special  reasons  for  thanksgiving  as  we  enter 
upon  this  year.  While  God's  judgments  have  been  in  the 
earth,  many  have  been  learning  righteousness.  These  are 
testing  times  for  each  man  and  for  each  man's  work.  We 
have  witnessed  the  hopeless  failure  of  all   systems  and 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  171 

philosophies  built  up  on  other  foundations  than  that  which 
is  laid,  which  is  Jesus  Christ.  He  has  not  failed.  The 
spirit  of  Christ  is  spreading  over  the  earth.  The  Kingdom 
of  God  is  coming.  The  walls  of  the  city  that  hath  founda- 
tions, whose  builder  and  maker  is  God,  are  rising  faster 
than  Satan  can  cast  them  down. 

There  is  ground  then  for  special  thanksgiving;  but 
when  we  think  of  those  things  within  the  church  of  Christ 
which  weaken  its  influence,  and  of  the  supernatural  forces 
of  evil  which  are  arrayed  against  it  from  without,  we 
recognize  the  supreme  need  for  penitence  and  for  inter- 
cession. Let  us  each  personally  lay  aside  every  weight 
and  the  sin  which  doth  so  easily  beset  us,  and  let  us  run 
with  patience  the  race  that  is  set  before  us,  looking  unto 
Jesus,  the  author  and  finisher  of  our  faith.  Let  us  further 
seek  from  God  power  in  prayer.  As  we  have  seen  the 
spirit  of  Satan  in  materialism  and  militarism,  in  lust  and 
intemperance,  in  the  thousand  evils  that  curse  human 
society,  we  have  again  and  again  asked  with  the  disciples 
of  old,  "Why  could  not  we  cast  him  out?"  The  reply  of 
our  Lord  still  remains  true — -"This  kind  can  come  forth  by 
nothing,  but  by  prayer." 

It  is  our  Lord  who  calls  us  to  intercession  in  these  days 
of  the  reconstruction  of  nations  out  of  the  ruins  of  a  sinful 
past:  and  he  calls  us  to  united  intercession.  "I  pray,"  said 
he  to  the  disciples,  "for  them  also  that  shall  believe  on 
me  through  their  word;  that  they  may  all  be  one:  even  as 
thou.  Father,  art  in  me,  and  I  in  thee,  that  they  also  may 
be  in  us:  that  the  world  may  believe  that  thou  didst 
send  me."  "Where  two  or  three  are  gathered  together  in 
my  name,  there  am  I  in  the  midst." 

That  our  prayers  may  prevail,  and  that  the  earth  may 
be  filled  with  the  glory  of  the  Lord,  we  entreat  that  "the 
grace  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  and  the  love  of  God,  and 
the  communion  of  the  Holy  Spirit  be  with  us  all." 
We  are. 
Yours  in  the  faith  of  Christ  Jesus. 

(Signed  by  British  and  foreign  representatives  of  the  World's 
Alliance,  and  by  the  many  missionary  societies  and  Bible  societies, 
etc.,  through  whose  cooperation  the  program  is  annually  circulated 
throughout  the  world.) 


172  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

THE  FEDERAL  COUNCIL  OF  THE  CHURCHES  OF 
CHRIST  IN  AMERICA 

In  Accord  With  The 

WORLD'S  EVANGELICAL  ALLIANCE 

Topics  for  Universal  and  United  Prayer 

SUNDAY,  DECEMBER  31,  1916,  TO  SATURDAY, 
JANUARY  6,  1917 

Sunday,  December  31,  1916 

TEXTS  FOR  SERMONS  AND  ADDRESSES 

Another  year's  respite. — Luke  xiii.  8,  9 

Christ  the  Head  of  the  Church.— Eph.  i.  22,  23 

The  triumph   of  faithfulness    in   national   life. — Hab.    ii.   4 

The   only   "if."— John   xii.   31,   32 

The  God  of  our  fathers. — 1  Chron.  xxviii.  9 

The  constraint  of  Christ's  love. — 2  Cor.  v.  14 

Monday,  January  i,  1917 

THANKSGIVING  AND  HUMILIATION 

THANKSGIVING— For  the  witness  of  the  living  church  and  of 

the  Holy  Scriptures. 
For  the  two  eternal  facts:     "He  hath  made  Him  to  be  sin  for 

us  who  knew  no  sin."  "He  ....  liveth,  and  was  dead." 
For  the  spirit  of  sacrifice  that  has  been  purging  human  life. 
For   the  deepening  of  spiritual  thought  and  life  within  the 

church. 

HUMILIATION — For  our  failure  to  live  in  "the  communion  of 

the  Holy  Spirit." 

For  worldliness  and  the  spirit  of  compromise  in  the  church. 

For  the  desecration  of  the  Lord's  Day,   the  neglect  of  the 

sanctuary,  the  contempt  of  God's  Word,  and  the  decay  of 

family  piety. 

SCRIPTURE  READINGS:  Psalm  ciii.  1-5;  Romans  viil  31-39; 
Psalm  li.;  Revelation  iii.  14-32. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  173 

Tuesday,  January  2,  1917 

THE  CHURCH  UNIVERSAL— THE  "ONE  BODY"  OF 

WHICH  CHRIST  IS  THE  HEAD 
PENITENCE— For  the  failure  of  the  church  to  bear  such  faithful 
and   united   witness   as    would   make   its   influence   more 
deeply  felt  among  professedly   Christian  nations. 
PRAYER — For  such  a  realization  of  the  presence  and  power  of 
the  Holy  Spirit  as  may  lead  to  revival. 
For  the  purification  of  the  church  in  every  commimity  through- 
out the  world. 
For  the  growth  of  a  spirit  of  imity  amid  diversity  of  operations. 
For  the  love  that  embraces  all  mankind. 
SCRIPTURE    READINGS:     Isaiah  liv.  2-5;  John  xx.   19-23; 
Acts  ii.  1-4;  1  Cor.  xii.  4-7. 

Wednesday,  January  3,  191 7 

NATIONS  AND  THEIR  RULERS 
PRAYER — For  the  world-wide  recognition  of  the  supreme  law  of 
love. 
For  the  development  of  brotherhood  among  the  nations. 
That  the  growing  spirit  of  nationalism  may  be  guided  by  Chris- 
tian ideals. 
That  righteousness,  mutual  consideration,  and  forbearance  may 

prevail,  and  lasting  peace  be  established. 
That  men  of  integrity,  full  of  faith  and  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  may 
rule  the  nations. 
SCRIPTURE  READINGS:    Psalm  xxiv.;  Psalm  ci.;  1  Timothy 
ii.  1-8;  1  Peter  ii.  13-25. 
Thursday,  January  4,  19 17 

MISSIONS   AMONG  THE   HEATHEN 
PRAYER — That  the  church  may  give  the  gospel  in  its  fulness  to 
the  human  race. 
That  evangelical  doctrine  may  not  be  surrendered  by  mission- 
aries in  order  to  compromise  with  false  teaching  and  sys- 
tems. 
That  a  tactful,  faithful  and  fearless  presentation  of  Christ  may 

be  made  to  Moslems. 
That  wisdom  may  be  given  in  dealing  with  mass  movements 
in  India,  racial  problems  in  Africa,  and  tendencies  toward 
materialism  in  China  and  Japan. 
SCRIPTURE  READINGS:    Psalm  ii.;  Luke  iv.  40-44;  Roma-:s 
xvl  25-27. 


174  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Friday,  January  5,  191 7 

FAMILIES,  SCHOOLS,  AND  COLLEGES 
PRAYER — That  family  altars  may  be  multiplied,  and  parents  be  in- 
fluenced to  pray  with  their  children  as  well  as  for  them. 
That  true  religion  may  have  first  place  in  all  education. 
That  teachers  may  be  able  to  instruct  with  knowledge,  moral 

force,  and  spiritual  power. 
That  young  people  may  be  led  to  Christ  and  experience  "the 

joy  of  salvation"  through  full  consecration. 
That  the  movement  in  colleges  and  schools  may  be  further 
widened  and  deepened. 
SCRIPTURE  READINGS:     1  Kings  iii.  5-15;  2  Timothy  iii. 
14-17;  Matthew  xix.  13-15. 

Saturday,  January  6,  19 17 

MISSIONS  AT  THE  HOME  BASE 

PRAYER— That  Christians  may  no  longer   remain  unconcerned 
while  sin  is  working  death  among  their  neighbors. 

That  an  "atmosphere"  may  be  created  that  will  make  men 
ashamed  of  intemperance  and  lust,  of  gambling  and  selfish- 
ness, of  luxury  and  pride. 

That  ministers  and  all  workers  may  be  more  intent  on  indi- 
vidual conversion. 

That  Christians  may  remember  their  debt  to  the  Jews,  and 
for  Christ's  sake  seek  to  help  them  into  the  light. 
SCRIPTURE  READINGS:    Psalm  ii.;  Luke  x.  25-37;  Romans 
xi.  13-24. 

CONSTITUENT  BODIES  AND  THEIR  RELATION- 
SHIP WITH  THE  FEDERAL  COUNCIL 

Constant  conference  and  correspondence  have  been  main- 
tained with  the  official  representatives  and  committees  of  the 
constituent  bodies,  and  the  general  secretary  has  sought  to 
keep  as  fully  informed  as  possible  regarding  these  bodies,  and 
especially  concerning  their  wishes  so  far  as  the  action  of  the 
Federal  Council  has  been  concerned. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  the  relationship  between  the 
Federal  Council  and  its  constituent  bodies,  and  through  the 
Federal  Council,  the  relationships  of  the  constituent  bodies 
themselves,  are  being  rapidly  deepened  and  made  more  effec- 
tive. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  175 

Taken  as  a  whole,  these  bodies  are  looking  more  and  more 
to  the  Federal  Council,  not  only  to  unite  them  in  their  work 
more  closely,  but  also  in  all  appropriate  ways  to  give  ex- 
pression to  their  common  conscience.  This  is  indicated  by 
the  increasing  frequency  with  which  they  refer  to  the  Federal 
Council  propositions  which  come  before  them  for  action,  and 
the  instructions  given  by  the  denominational  assemblies  to 
their  various  committees  to  carry  out  their  work  in  coopera- 
tion with  the  Council  and  its  commissions. 

Complete  reports  have  been  presented  to  the  national  as- 
semblies of  our  constituent  bodies  whenever  they  assembled, 
both  in  printed  form  and  through  the  personal  word  of  the 
general  secretary.  With  a  single  exception  to  be  noted,  these 
reports  have  received  the  approval  of  the  constituent  bodies. 
Whenever  it  was  impossible  for  the  general  secretary  to  attend 
these  assemblies,  they  have  been  attended  either  by  one  of 
the  associate  or  field  secretaries  or  by  some  members  of  the 
executive  committee,  duly  appointed.  The  president  of  the 
Council,  Dr.  Shailer  Mathews,  has  rendered  very  effective 
service  by  addressing  several  of  them.  All  of  this  procedure 
has  been  reported  very  fully  in  the  printed  annual  reports. 

The  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the 
United  States  has  appropriately  and  helpfully  called  to  the 
attention  of  the  Council  its  constitutional  principles  relative 
to  the  relation  between  church  and  state,  and  has  protested 
against  any  utterance  or  action  which  might  seem  to  violate 
these  constitutional  principles. 

These  questions  have  concerned  themselves  mainly  with 
the  reports  of  the  Commission  on  the  Church  and  Social 
Service,  and  three  of  the  Presbyterian  bodies,  the  Presbyterian 
Church  in  the  United  States,  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the 
United  States  of  America,  and  the  United  Presbyterian 
Church,  appointed  a  joint  committee  which  presented  a  report 
which  in  large  measure  reaffirmed  the  various  social  utterances 
of  the  Federal  Council  and  closed  with  these  words: 

Your  joint  committee  would  respectfully  recommend  to  the  general 
assemblies  and  to  the  synod  which  appointed  it,  that : 

This  report  be  transmitted  to  the  supreme  judicatories  of  our 
sister  churches  in  the  Federal  Council  for  their  consideration  by  the 
clerk  of  this  committee,  Rev.  D.  F.  McGill,  D.D.,  Ben  Avon,  Pa. 

.    Our  churches  cordially  recognize  and  encourage  the  Federal  Coun- 
cil as  affording  a  common  ground  where  all  who  love  and  serve  our 


176  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Lord  Jesus  Christ  may  meet  for  conference  and  cooperation  in  the 
vast  and  holy  enterprise  of  Christian  social  service,  aud,  to  the  end 
that  these  conferences  may  continue  to  be  truly  Christian  and  this 
cooperation  really  effective,  the  representatives  of  our  churches  in  the 
executive  committee  of  the  Federal  Council,  be  directed  to  endeavor  at 
all  times  to  have  the  Federal  Council  distinctly  recognize  the  great 
truths  of  the  Christian  faith  held  in  common  by  the  evangelical  churches 
and  thus  avoid  and  allay  misunderstandings.  Further,  that  these  repre- 
sentatives be  directed  to  report  to  the  subsequent  assemblies  and  synod 
the  result  of  their  endeavors. 

The  executive  committee  of  the  Federal  Council  expressed 
its  appreciation  of  this  report  by  incorporating  it  into  the 
annual  reports  of  the  Federal  Coimcil  for  1914. 

It  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  executive  committee  has  ap- 
pointed a  special  committee  to  consider  the  interests  of  the 
colored  churches,  in  response  to  the  recommendation  of  the 
General  Conference  of  the  Colored  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  in  America. 

Several  of  the  constituent  bodies  have  passed  resolutions 
at^  length  regarding  their  relationship  with  each  other  and 
with  the  Council. 

At  the  General  Convention  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal^ 
Church  in  1913  the  resolution  passed  was  as  follows: 

Resolved:  That  the  General  Convention  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  hereby  records  its  gratitude  to  Almighty  God  for  the  growing 
sympathy  and  closer  relations  between  bodies  of  Christians,  as  evi- 
denced by  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America; 
but  the  strong  conviction  of  this  church  is  that  the  ideal  of  our 
Lord  for  his  people  is  organized  unity  in  one  body;  realizing,  however, 
the  desirability  of  Christian  cooperation,  where  practicable,  without 
the  sacrifice  of  principle,  this  convention  expresses  the  opinion  that 
the  Commissions  on  Christian  Unity  and  on  Social  Service  may 
appoint  representatives  to  take  part  in  the  Federal  Council. 

At  the  Mennonite  General  Conference  in  191 4  some  ques- 
tion was  raised  as  to  whether  or  not  the  Federal  Council  was 
a  sufficient  help  to  the  Mennonite  churches.  The  report  of  the 
delegates  was  approved  and  it  was  voted  that  the  conference 
continue  its  relation  with  the  Federal  Council.  A  committee 
of  five  was  appointed  to  bring  before  the  next  General  Con- 
ference a  statement  regarding  the  work  of  denominational 
cooperation.  Such  action  as  this  on  the  part  of  the  Mennonite 
conference  is  very  helpful.     It  shows  that  these  constituent 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  177 

bodies  are  taking  the  whole  situation  seriously  and  that  they 
regard  the  Federal  Council  as  something  more  than  a  body 
which  shall  merely  express  good  fellowship.  This  leads  them 
to  look  into  other  relationships  with  the  Council  and  to  take 
under  advisement  the  question  of  their  own  denominational 
autonomy,  and  in  this  way  to  make  their  association  with  other 
Christian  denominations  one  which  will  really  mean  something. 

Indeed  there  has  been  no  instance  when  such  a  considera- 
tion has  not  led  to  increased  confidence  in  the  federative 
movement,  although  at  the  same  time  it  also  guards  us  against 
assuming  prerogatives  which  the  constituent  bodies  may  not 
choose  to  give  the  Council. 

I  regret  that  space  forbids  me  to  give  the  story  of  my 
constant  visits  to  the  assemblies  of  these  bodies. 

It  goes  without  saying,  of  course,  that  within  these  de- 
nominations there  is  a  difference  of  attitude  toward  the  whole 
question  of  denominational  cooperation.  It  is,  however,  more 
a  difference  of  degree  than  in  kind. 

It  is  clear  that  the  constituent  bodies  are  taking  the  Council 
more  and  more  seriously;  are  giving  more  thoughtful  atten- 
tion to  the  problem  of  defining  its  work  and  are  increasing  in 
their  sense  of  appreciation  of  the  great  work  which  the  de- 
nominations must  do  in  common.  I  think  I  may  say  without 
any  qualification  that  wherever  doubt  regarding  the  work  or 
the  progress  of  the  Council  has  been  expressed  it  has  been 
found  to  be  based  upon  misunderstanding. 

The  policy  of  the  Council,  of  attempting  to  regulate  its 
progress  in  such  a  way  that  the  whole  body  of  the  churches 
may  move  together,  is  vindicating  itself,  and  we  may  feel  sure 
that  more  rapid  progress  in  the  future  may  be  made  because 
of  this  attitude  of  the  Council  towards  the  constituent  bodies, 
and  its  attempt  to  be  assured  of  the  wish  and  the  spirit  of  these 
bodies.  Were  the  Council  to  become  a  free  lance  its  progress 
would  be  seriously  hindered.  Primarily  it  must  be  remem- 
bered that  it  is  the  sum  of  all  its  parts. 

At  most  of  the  denominational  assemblies  the  whole  ques- 
tion of  relationship  with  the  Federal  Council,  and  through  it 
with  other  evangelical  bodies,  is  assumed  as  obvious.  I 
think  it  is  true  to  say  that  the  measure  of  their  interest  and 
enthusiasm  is  largely  determined  by  the  extent  to  which  these 
bodies  actually  participate  in  the  work  of  the  Council.  There 
has  been  no  case,  when  the  matter  of  relationship  of  a  con- 


178  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

stituent  body  with  the  Federal  Council  has  been  brought  into 
question,  which  was  not  the  result  of  a  want  of  thorough 
understanding.  The  statement  of  principles  adopted  by  the 
executive  committee  at  Baltimore  has  been  of  very  great 
help  in  explaining  the  important  and  delicate  relationship 
between  denominational  autonomy  and  united  action.  It  is 
worth  noting  that  the  Federal  Council  has  never  made  an 
important  utterance  in  expression  of  the  common  conscious- 
ness and  conscience  of  the  churches,  and  has  never  taken  any 
important  action  involving  its  constituent  bodies,  which  has 
been  seriously  brought  in  question.  Indeed,  every  such 
utterance  and  action  has  received  the  approval  of  the  constitu- 
ent bodies,  either  by  definite  action,  or  by  approval  of  the 
reports  of  the  Council  which  contain  its  utterances  and  its 
actions  in  full. 

The  matters  at  issue  are  in  almost  every  case  concerned 
with  certain  constitutional  principles  as  to  the  relation  between 
church  and  state.  I  believe  that  our  constituent  bodies  are 
essentially  at  one  in  their  belief  in  separation  between  church 
and  state.  They  are  also  probably  united  in  their  conviction 
that  the  church  is  to  exercise  its  moral  influence  upon  human 
society  and  its  institutions.  The  problem  is  a  common  one, 
and  is  not  to  be  solved  by  the  process  of  thesis  and  antithesis. 
I  note,  moreover,  that  in  the  main,  when  it  comes  to  a  matter 
of  practical  action  in  a  concrete  case,  the  various  constituent 
bodies  take  action  very  much  alike. 

This  also  is  to  be  noted,  that  any  difference  of  opinion  with 
regard  to  these  matters  as  between  the  constituent  bodies,  is 
no  greater  than  the  difference  of  opinion  between  two  elements 
of  one  of  these  two  bodies.  Indeed,  it  has  happened  more 
than  once  that  the  Federal  Council  has  been  questioned  by 
one  denominational  gathering  for  taking  the  very  action  which 
was  approved  by  the  annual  gathering  of  that  same  denomina- 
tion the  year  before. 

Upon  one  thing  we  are  clear;  namely  that  the  Federal 
Council  should  take  no  action  which  would  violate  the  con- 
stitutional principles  of  any  one  of  its  constituent  bodies.  I 
do  not  think  it  has  ever  taken  such  action  when  its  procedure 
has  been  rightly  construed,  or  to  put  it  differently,  the  spirit 
and  intent  have  been  right,  although  it  may  be  that  at  times  the 
wording  of  a  resolution  has  been  faulty.  Such  cases  have 
usually  been  actions  by  our  various  commissions,  who  perhaps 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  179 

at  times  see  more  clearly  the  one  thing  that  they  want  to 
gain  than  they  do  the  necessity  for  putting  it  in  such  form  as 
to  meet  the  requirements  of  our  thirty  constituent  bodies. 

Our  constituent  bodies,  however,  generally  realize  that 
these  things  are  more  or  less  incidental,  and  they  do  not 
obscure  the  sincere  purpose  of  these  bodies  to  work  together 
with  their  sister  denominations  in  and  through  the  Federal 
Council.  The  statement  of  principles  adopted  by  the  execu- 
tive committee  at  Baltimore  has  now,  I  believe,  been  approved 
by  all  of  the  denominations.  The  interpretation  and  applica- 
tion of  these  principles  may  not  in  every  case  be  clear,  and 
it  is  a  cause  for  gratification  that  out  of  the  wide  area  of 
procedure  on  the  part  of  the  Council  during  the  past  four 
years,  only  one  or  two  matters  have  been  the  subject  of  ques- 
tion, and  these  matters  by  only  one  or  two  of  the  constituent 
bodies.  This  is  by  no  means  a  reflection  on  these  bodies,  and 
it  is  explained  by  the  fact  that  the  matters  in  question  touched 
very  closely  certain  distinctive  fundamental  principles  to 
which  these  bodies  are  more  particularly  committed. 

It  IS  the  business  of  the  Federal  Council  to  so  prepare  its 
way  as  to  carry  the  approval,  in  the  main,  of  all  the  varied 
elements  which  it  unites,  and  there  are  surely  enough  matters 
of  serious  import  to  which  it  can  give  its  attention,  upon  which 
the  Christian  conscience  and  consciousness  is  practically 
unanimous.  It  is  cause  for  gratitude  that  the  Council  has 
never  shown  the  slightest  danger  of  dividing  into  wings  and 
elements. 

The  various  constituent  bodies  meeting  year  by  year 
have  passed  unusual  resolutions  of  approval,  sympathy,  and 
loyalty  for  the  Council,  and  have  shown  a  deepening  disposi- 
tion to  recognize  it  as  something  infinitely  more  than  a  com- 
mon fellowship,  although  this  spirit  of  mutual  Christian  sym- 
pathy is  by  no  means  the  least  of  the  results  attained. 

One  point  of  weakness  has  been  and  is  the  failure  upon 
the  part  of  the  accredited  representatives  of  these  bodies  to 
participate  in  the  conferences  and  activities  of  the  Council 
even  when  referendum  votes  are  taken.  Indeed  on  some  occa- 
sions denominational  gatherings  have  taken  up  questions  with 
the  Federal  Council  which  they  should  have  taken  up  with 
their  own  representatives  in  the  Council  and  on  its  commis- 
sions.    I  would,  therefore,  earnestly  urge  that  the  denomina- 


180  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

tional  representatives  keep  themselves  constantly  informed  of 
such  matters  as  those  in  question. 

Certain  of  our  constituent  bodies,  whose  members  are  by 
kinship  in  close  association  with  the  nations  at  war,  have 
urged  action  on  the  part  of  the  Council  which  it  was  perfectly 
clear  other  men  associated  by  kinship  with  other  nations 
would  disapprove.  Such  matters  have  been  taken  up  by 
sympathetic  correspondence  and,  I  think,  at  least  in  the  ma- 
jority of  cases  the  matters  at  issue  have  been  satisfactorily 
set  forth^  It  is  of  course  obvious  that  the  Council  could  not 
take  action  upon  debatable  issues  between  warring  nations 
with  the  united  approval  of  these  two  elements.  In  these 
matters,  however,  it  is  perhaps  fortunate  that  in  every  case 
these  groups  have  been  divided  among  themselves. 

Such  recommendations  as  have  come  to  the  mind  of  the 
general  secretary  relative  to  the  relations  with  our  constituent 
bodies  have  been  considered  by  the  Committee  of  Fifteen. 

In  order  to  meet  this  problem  the  following  request  was 
made: 

March  6,  1916. 

TO   THE    STATED    CLERKS   AND    OTHER   CORRESPON- 
DENTS OF  THE  CONSTITUENT  BODIES:    . 

At  the  Annual  Meeting  of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
Federal  Council,  held  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  December  8-10,  1915, 
the  following  action  was  taken: 

VOTED:  that  the  executive  committee  recognize  the  ad- 
vantage, if  not  the  necessity,  of  securing  some  understand- 
ing with  the  several  constituent  bodies  by  which  there 
shall  be  designated  by  each  of  them  some  persons  or 
agency  to  serve  as  a  channel  of  communication  between 
them  and  the  executive  officer  of  the  Council  for  the  quad- 
rennium  between  the  meetings  of  the  Federal  Council. 
Such  agency  might  be  the  representatives  of  the  denomina- 
tions upon  the  executive  committee  of  the  Council,  some 
committee  of  the  judicatory,  or  individuals  named  for  this 
purpose. 

That  the  general  secretary  be  directed  to  communicate 
to  the  several  judicatories  in  such  manner  as  may  seem 
wise,  in  consultation  with  the  administrative  committee, 
the  hope  of  the  executive  committee  that  some  working  ar- 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  181 

rangement  as  has  been  suggested  may  be  adopted  which 
will  be  at  once  in  harmony  with  the  administrative  system 
of  the  denomination  and  adapted  to  meet  the  need  of  a 
more  definite  and  responsible  medium  of  communication. 

I  will  say  a  word  regarding  the  meaning  of  this  action.  Matters 
are  constantly  arising  in  relation  to  which  we  need  to  consult 
immediately  with  responsible  denominational  representatives.  It 
is  also  felt  that  in  relation  to  proposed  actions  taken  bj  the  Federal 
Council,  some  such  responsible  committee  or  body  ought  to  be  in 
a  position  to  advise  and  counsel  as  to  the  attitude  of  the  con- 
stituent bodies  relative  to  such  action. 

In  other  words,  it  is  desired  to  have  some  official  committee 
or  body  which  would  serve  as  the  point  of  connection  between  the 
constituent  bodies  and  the  Council. 

Will  you  please  see  that  action  is  taken  as  soon  as  possible, 
cither  by  your  national  body,  or  by  its  executive  committee  or  other 
responsible  body. 

Sincerely  yours, 

CHARLES  S.  MACFARLAND, 
General  Secretary 

Summarized  reports  have  been  made  from  year  to  year, 
of  which  the  following  is  a  fair  example : 

April  4,  1916. 
TO  THE  CONSTITUENT  BODIES: 

In  behalf  of  the  executive  committee  and  its  administrative 
committee,  I  hereby  convey  the  volume  of  the  Annual  Reports  of 
the  Council  for  the  year  1915  for  the  consideration  of  the  con- 
stituent bodies. 

In  order  to  facilitate  the  consideration  of  this  volume  of 
something  over  two  hundred  pages,  I  will  call  especial  attention 
to  the  more  significant  actions  of  the  Council  during  the  year. 

1.  Through  the  Commission  on  Evangelism,  a  call  was  issued 
for  a  world-wide  revival,  and  printed  subjects  accompanied  by  a 
letter  were  sent  to  the  churches  for  the  observance  of  the  Week 
of  Prayer. 

2.  Through  the  committee  of  one  hundred,  appointed  by  the 
Council,  a  continuous  religious  campaign  was  conducted  at  the 
Panama-Pacific  Exposition,  with  evangelistic  meetings  daily  and 
niany  conferences  and  congresses. 


182  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Measures  were  prosecuted  relative  to  the  moral  tone  of  the 
Exposition. 

A  religious  exhibit  was  promoted  in  the  Hall  of  Education 
of  the  Exposition. 

3.  The  Commission  on  Peace  and  Arbitration  issued  a  hand- 
book for  church  classes,  conducted  a  great  field  campaign  of  edu- 
cation, assisted  the  World  Alliance  for  the  Promotion  of  Inter- 
national Friendship  through  the  Churches,  sent  out  400,000  books 
and  pamphlets  and  170,000  letters  to  the  churches. 

The  peace  centenary  was  observed  by  the  churches. 

4.  A  Christian  Embassy,  sent  to  Japan,  created  a  profound 
impression  in  the  interest  of  international  good-will.  An  investi- 
gation was  conducted  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  entitled  "The  Japanese 
Problem  in  the  United  States,"  and  delegates  were  brought  from 
Japan  for  fraternal  conference  with  the  American  workers. 

5.  The  Social  Service  Commission  united  the  denominational 
secretaries  in  their  work,  organized  new  demoninational  com- 
mittees, and  issued  a  Year  Book  of  the  Church  and  Social  Service. 

6.  The  Commission  on  Church  and  Country  Life  directed  a 
state-wide  survey  of  Ohio  and  held  a  Rural  Life  Conference  with 
about  500  delegates. 

7.  The  Commission  on  Evangelism  organized  and  brought 
into  cooperation  the  denominational  committees. 

8.  The  Commission  on  Christian  Education  secured  the  pub- 
lication of  Lessons  on  Peace  and  International  Good-will  in  over 
two  million  Sunday-school  quarterlies,  prepared  two  courses  of 
such  lessons,  issued  a  handbook  for  Sunday-school  teachers,  pro- 
moted a  third  series  of  lessons  for  adult  classes  and  a  book  of  peace 
songs  for  Sunday-schools,  in  addition  to  its  regular  educational 
work. 

9.  The  Commission  on  Temperance  instituted  a  nation-wide 
temperance  and  pledge  campaign,  enlisting  public  men,  labor 
leaders  and  employers,  and  held  great  meetings  in  Philadelphia 
and  New  York,  besides  its  regular  work  of  cooperation  between  the 
denominational  committees. 

10.  The  Home  Missions  Council,  the  cooperating  body  of  the 
Federal  Council,  held  several  important  field  conferences  and  con- 
ducted a  general  work  of  unity  to  eliminate  duplication,  prevent 
rivalry  and  bring  about  effective  distribution  of  religious  forces. 

11.  A  Committee  on  the  Special  Interests  of  the  Colored  De- 
nominations was  projected. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  183 

12.  The  Book  Department  published  five  important  books  and 
distributed  13,000  books,  11,000  Reports  and  460,000  pamphlets. 

13.  A  movement  for  a  general  Bureau  of  Religious  Publicity 
was  initiated. 

14.  At  the  Washington  office,  new  navy  chaplains  were  secured, 
a  movement  for  the  Religious  Welfare  of  the  Army  and  Navy 
promoted,  a  Federal  Council  Church  Year  Book  was  prepared  for 
publication,  a  Bulletin  of  Church  Statistics  issued,  several  investi- 
gations made  by  the  associate  secretary  and  the  general  interests 
of  the  churches  constantly  cared  for. 

15.  The  work  of  organizing  and  developing  local  federations 
of  churches  was  earnestly  prosecuted,  and  through  the  Commission 
on  Federated  Movements  the  great  interdenominational  movements 
were  brought  into  cooperation  in  this  work. 

16.  International  relations  of  the  churches  were  furthered  by 
constant  correspondence,  by  assistance  rendered  churches  in  foreign 
countries,  regular  correspondents  were  secured  in  all  countries,  and 
in  December  the  general  secretary  visited  Holland,  Germany, 
Switzerland,  France,  and  England  on  a  spiritual  mission. 

17.  Relief  in  foreign  countries  was  secured  for  Persia,  for  the 
Armenians  in  Turkey,  and  other  causes,  the  response  of  the 
churches  being  remarkable  for  generosity. 

18.  The  annual  meeting  of  the  executive  committee  at  Colum- 
bus marked  great  progress,  was  attended  by  about  250  regular 
and  corresponding  members  of  the  executive  committee,  by  about 
500  Rural  Life  delegates,  and  closed  with  an  address  by  the 
President  of  the  United  Sttaes.  The  general  secretary  left  im- 
mediately upon  his  mission  of  spiritual  fellowship  among  the 
churclies  of  Europe. 

19.  The  administrative  committee  was  in  constant  correspon- 
dence with  the  churches  of  the  warring  nations  of  Europe,  keeping 
in  the  closest  touch  with  them,  looking  toward  future  opportunity 
for  reconciliation,  a  delegation  being  in  readiness  to  go  to  Europe 
at  the  earliest  opportunity. 

The  administrative  committee  of  the  executive  committee  has 
endeavored  in  all  these  movements  to  assure  themselves  of  the  ap- 
proval of  the  constituent  bodies  through  constant  consultation  with 
their  officially  elected  representatives. 

In  conveying  the  full  volume  of  the  annual  reports,  attention 
should  be  called  to  the  fact  that  the  commission  reports  contain 
much  matter  of  a  purely  informational  nature,  and  the  actions 
of  the  Council  through  its  executive  committee  are  confined  to  the 


184  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

specific  recommendations  of  the  commissions  and  the  various  secre- 
taries, which  were  voted  as  approved  by  the  committee  at  Colum- 
bus. Upon  these  actions,  the  approval  of  the  constituent  bodies 
is  requested. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

CHARLES  S.  MACFARLAND, 
General  Secretary 

THE  COMMISSIONS  OF  THE  COUNCIL 

The  Commission  on  Evangelism  has  made  perhaps 
moderate,  but  steady  progress,  both  in  unifying  the  de- 
nominational committees  on  evangelism  and  in  developing  the 
evangelistic  spirit  among  the  churches. 

The  Commission  on  the  Church  and  Social  Service 
pursued  only  a  normal  v^ork  during  the  first  three  years  of 
the  quadrennium,  but  during  the  past  year  has  greatly  in- 
creased Jts  resources  and  its  effectiveness. 

The  Commission  on  the  Church  and  Country  Life  has, 
vvrithin  a  short  time,  done  an  important  preparatory  work  and 
has  most  remarkable  promise  of  usefulness,  requiring,  how- 
ever, greatly  increased  executive  and  financial  resources. 

The  Commission  on  Peace  and  Arbitration  has  been  nota- 
ble during  the  quadrennium,  not  only  for  its  own  activities, 
but  because  of  its  initiation  of  international  movements,  and 
with  the  cooperation  of  the  Commission  on  Christian  Educa- 
tion, a  significant  campaign  of  education  has  begun. 

The  Commission  on  Home  Missions  has  wisely  delegated 
its  functions  to  the  Home  Missions  Council,  which  has  be- 
come a  cooperating  body  of  the  Federal  Council,  and  the 
Commission  on  Foreign  Missions  has,  with  equal  wisdom, 
recognized  the  Committee  of  Reference  and  Counsel  of  the 
Foreign  Missions  Conference  of  North  America  as  the  proper 
body  for  the  work  of  the  churches  in  this  field. 

The  Commission  on  Christian  Education  has  accomplished 
an  unusual  and  unexpected  amount  of  work,  considering  that 
it  can  avail  itself  only  of  voluntary  service. 

The  Commission  on  Temperance  is,  at  the  time  of  the 
preparation  of  this  report,  arranging  a  cooperative  movement 
which  promises  to  put  the  commission  into  a  position  of 
permanent  eflfectiveness. 

The  Commission  on  State  and  Local  Federations  has  pre- 
pared a  considerable  amount  of  informational  material,  and 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  185 

has  assisted  in  bringing  about  the  organization  of  the  more 
comprehensive  Commission  on  Federated  Movements,  which 
is  now  provided  with  an  effective  administration  and  with 
reasonable  resources.  This  commission  has  great  scope  and 
opportunity,  and  commands  the  services  of  men  who  are  giving 
to  it  an  amount  of  time,  skill,  and  attention  which  insures  its 
success  in  the  great  field  entrusted  to  it. 

The  field  of  state  and  local  federative  work  has  constituted, 
perhaps,  our  most  difficult  problem,  and  I  feel  sure  that  the 
Council  will  experience  a  great  sense  of  relief  at  this  promise 
of  its  effective  management. 

In  his  report  for  191 5  the  general  secretary  considered  the 
important  question  of  the  relations  of  the  various  commissions 
to  each  other  and  to  the  Federal  Council,  and  this  whole  ques- 
tion has  received  full  consideration  in  the  report  of  the  com- 
mittee of  eleven,  presented  to  the  executive  committee  at 
Columbus,  and  in  the  report  of  the  committee  of  fifteen,  which 
will  report  to  the  quadrennial  meeting. 

COOPERATIVE  RELATIONSHIPS  WITH  OTHER 

BODIES 

It  is  manifestly  important  that  while  the  Federal  Council 
should  cooperate  fully  with  other  bodies  upon  matters  of  gen- 
eral religious  and  moral  interest,  the  relationships  should  be 
such  as  not  to  be  confusing  in  the  mind  of  our  constituency. 

The  question  has  been  raised  as  to  whether  or  not  some  of 
the  commissions  of  the  Council  might  be  in  danger  of  under- 
taking a  work  which,  because  of  its  legislative  and  other  as- 
Dects,  could  be  better  promoted  by  voluntary  organizations, 
and  I  believe  it  is  important  that  the  Council  and  its  commis- 
sions should  keep  clearly  within  their  own  appropriate  spheres. 
On  the  other  hand,  some  of  the  moral  reform  bodies  may  be 
in  danger  of  assuming  functions  which  belong  to  the  Council, 
such,  for  example,  as  the  appointing  of  special  Sundays  for  ob- 
servance by  the  churches. 

The  Council,  in  an  unofficial  way  and  on  specific  matters, 
has  cooperated  with  such  bodies  as  the  Southern  Sociological 
Congress  and  the  National  Conferences  of  Charities  and  Cor- 
rection, through  the  Commission  on  the  Church  and  Social 
Service,  and  with  the  various  peace  organizations  through  the 
Commission  on  Peace  and  Arbitration.  In  such  cases  as  these 
this  action  is  generally  obvious,  but  it  is  evident  that  some 


186  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

care  must  be  exercised  to  preserve  the  distinctness  of  the 
contituency  and  work  of  the  Council. 

It  should,  therefore,  be  clearly  understood  that  these  mat- 
ters of  cooperation  are  entirely  in  relation  to  particular  ob- 
jects and  movements  and  that  they  do  not  involve  any  further 
relationship  or  responsibihty  in  connection  with  such  bodies. 

Frequently  our  constituent  bodies  use  the  machinery  of  the 
Council  to  convey  a  message  to  the  other  bodies,  as,  for  ex- 
ample, when  in  September  the  Religious  Society  of  Friends 
used  our  facilities  to  convey  its  message  on  peace  to  the  other 
twenty-nine  bodies  of  the  Council. 

Our  office  is  constantly  used  by  ithe  departments  and 
boards  of  the  various  denominations,  especially  in  relation  to 
matters  of  social  service,  in  reaching  their  own  constituency 
and  the  general  constituency. 

The  office  is  now  fully  equipped  with  mailing  lists,  multi- 
graphing  machinery,  etc.^  for  the  reaching  of  a  wide  constit- 
uency, and  our  facilities  are  given  to  a  large  number  of 
important  organizations  whenever  they  wish  to  reach  that 
constituency  in  an  appropriate  cause.  Among  the  more  im- 
portant bodies  to  whom  we  have  been  able  to  render  this 
service  during  the  past  two  years  are  the  following: 

American  Committee  on  Peace  Centenary,  American  Association 
for  Labor  Legislation,  Church  Peace  Union,  World  Alliance  of 
Churches,  National  Board  of  Censorship,  National  Sabbath  Day  Al- 
liance, National  Child  Labor  Committee,  National  Conference  of 
Charities  and  Correction,  Persian  War  Relief  Fund,  State  Department 
of  Health,  National  Temperance  Union,  American  Committee  for 
Armenian  and  Syrian  Relief,  National  Union  of  the  Evangelical 
Churches  of  France,  many  of  the  War  Relief  Movements,  and  other 
similar  bodies. 

I  regard  this  as  a  very  important  function  of  our  national 
office,  and  it  is  doing  much  to  create  among  our  leaders  of 
social  movements  a  cordial  sense  of  appreciation  of  the 
churches  and  their  efficiency.  This  is  also  the  case  with  our 
Washington  office  where  a  large*  amount  of  information  is 
given  in  answer  to  requests  from  government  and  other 
agencies. 

This  cooperative  relationship  is  of  very  great  importance 
to  the  churches.  The  Council  has  insisted  or  urged  that  all 
of  these  bodies  recognize  its  integrity  and  bring  their  matters 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  187 

before  the  Council  rather  than  to  go  directly  to  the  constituent 
bodies.    This  is  a  great  relief  to  our  churches  and  their  pastors. 

INTERNATIONAL  RELATIONS 

This  report  need  not  deal  with  this  important  matter  in 
detail,  because  it  has  seemed  best  that  all  matters  of  this 
nature  should  be  considered  together  in  the  report  of  the  Com- 
mission on  Peace  and  Arbitration,  of  which  the  general  secre- 
tary is  one  of  the  secretaries. 

Early  in  the  quadrennium,  the  general  secretary  began 
correspondence  with  leaders  of  the  churches  in  Canada,  Pan- 
ama, the  Philippines,  New  South  Wales,  the  European  coun- 
tries, and  especially  with  the  Free  Church  Council  in  England. 
One  of  our  correspondents  at  Sydney,  New  South  Wales, 
writes  of  certain  important  movements  initiated  there  that 
"they  could  not  have  successfully  prosecuted  except  for  the 
influence  of  the  Federal  Council." 

The  general  secretary  has,  during  the  quadrennium,  visited 
Europe  twice,  has  attended  the  Congress  on  Christian  Work  in 
Latin  America,  at  Panama,  and  has  had  several  conferences 
with  religious  leaders  in  Canada. 

Foreign  correspondents  have  been  secured  in  practically 
every  part  of  the  world,  to  whom  our  literature  is  constantly 
sent  and  with  whom  we  are  in  regular  correspondence. 

In  most  of  these  countries,  with  the  exception  of  those  in 
which  foreign  missions  are  located,  there  are  no  federated 
movements  corresponding  with  our  own.  In  some  of  them 
there  are  branches  of  the  World's  Evangelical  Alliance,  and 
it  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  Evangelical  Alliance  in  Hol- 
land invited  the  general  secretary  to  attend  its  sessions  in  the 
summer  of  19 16  to  'confer  with  the  church  representatives 
there  assembled  relative  to  the  federative  movement  in 
America.  This  invitation  he  was  unable  to  accept,  but  a 
committee  was  appointed  by  the  Alliance  for  further  confer- 
ence with  representatives  of  the  Federal  Council. 

Since  the  beginning  of  the  war,  constant  correspondence 
has  been  carried  on  with  representative  leaders  of  the  churches 
of  both  the  neutral  and  warring  nations  in  Europe.  It  did 
not  seem  advisable  to  attempt  to  send  a  delegation  to  visit 
these  churches,  not  because  of  any  reluctance  upon  the  part 
of  our  own  churches,  but  because  it  did  not  seem  to  be  ex- 


188  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

pedient  in  view  of  the  strained   relationships  between   the 
nations. 

The  letter  sent  to  our  correspondents  at  the  time  of  this 
decision  was  as  follows: 

Feb.  IS,  1915. 
Dear  Brother: 

I  thank  you  for  your  sympathetic  response  to  my  previous  com- 
munication of  November  19,  1914. 

The  executive  committee,  acting  for  the  Federal  Council,  at  its 
meeting  in  Richmond,  December  9,  1914,  voiced  the  sympathy  and  good- 
will of  the  churches  of  Christ  in  America  to  the  churches  of  Europe 
and  authorized  the  administrative  committee  to  convey  this  expression 
at  such  time  and  by  such  means  as  should  prove  most  desirable. 
and  conference  with  the  brethren  of  the  churches  of  Europe,  but  we 
desire  to  do  so  only  at  the  right  time. 

The  replies  to  my  communication  of  November  19  indicated  that 
the  time  did  not  yet  seem  the  most  opportune  for  receiving  such  a 

We  desire,  therefore,  to  send  the  proposed  delegation  for  prayer 
deputation. 

The  matter  will  continue  to  be  in  our  thought  and  prayer,  as 
we  knovf  it  will  remain  with  you  the  subject  cf  earnest  intercession. 

Our  administrative  committee  would  welcome  any  further  thought 
and  light  from  you,  and  I  should  be  pleased  to  receive  your  reply 
telling  me  how  the  matter  looks  to  you  at  this  time,  in  case  the  situa- 
tion has  changed  since  you  last  wrote. 

We  have  arranged  for  a  conference  to  be  held  on  March  29, 
by  which  time  we  hope  to  have  more  light  on  the  situation. 

By  making  it  the  subject  of  our  mutual  prayers  we  feel  sure 
that  God  will  guide  our  ways,  and  that  we  shall  see  the  right  moment 
for  the  sending  of  our  brethren  to  you. 

Sincerely  yours, 
Charles  S.  Macfarland,  General  Secretary. 

We  may  feel  quite  sure  that  this  situation  has  greatly  im- 
proved. By  means  of  this  correspondence  we  have  endeav- 
ored to  preserve  our  fraternal  relationships  in  the  interest  of 
future  reconstructive  work. 

I  have  also  been  keeping  constantly  informed  of  conditions 
abroad,  through  the  representative  of  the  World  Alliance  for 
International  Friendship  through  the  Churches,  and  it  is  inter- 
esting to  note  that  in  August,  1015,  at  Bern,  a  conference 
of  church  leaders  was  held,  including  representatives  of  both 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  189 

the  neutral  and  warring  nations.  With  the  exception  of  the 
Women's  Conference  in  Holland,  this  is,  I  believe,  the  only 
time  when  such  representatives  have  met  in  friendly  intercourse. 

Meanwhile,  we  have  had  several  opportunities  of  being 
helpful  to  our  brethren  across  the  sea.  The  administrative 
committee  voted  that  we  would  extend  a  welcome  to  the  duly 
accredited  delegates  of  the  evangelical  churches  of  any  of  the 
nations,  and  in  the  spring  Pastor  Stuart  L.  Roussel,  represent- 
ing the  Union  Nationale  des  Eglises  Reformees  Evangeliques 
de  France,  was  received  and  given  the  full  facilities  of  our 
office,  which  he  made  his  headquarters  until  his  recent  return 
to  France.  We  also  received  Pastor  Henri  Anet,  the  delegate 
of  the  Franco-Belgian  Committee  on  Evangelization,  who 
now  shares  our  offices. 

While  no  representatives  of  other  European  nations  have 
yet  come  to  us,  they  will,  of  course,  receive  the  same  cordial 
treatment  when  they  do  come.  Meanwhile  opportunity  has 
offered  itself  to  help  our  brethren  of  the  other  nations  by  fur- 
nishing them  with  required  information,  including  Professor 
Adolph  Deissman,  Pastor  Siegmund-Schultze,  of  Berlin,  and 
others. 

Out  of  this  constant  relationship  I  believe  we  can  discern 
clear  indications  that  when  the  time  comes  for  reconstruction 
we  may  find  our  mission  simpler  than  it  looks  at  the  present 
moment.  To  the  gaze  of  the  world,  the  holding  of  the  Con- 
stance conference,  and  its  hastened  dissolution  just  on  the 
eve  of  the  war,  looked  vain,  but  it  may  prove  to  have  been  an 
instance  of  that  wisdom  of  God  which  is  sometimes  foolish- 
ness to  the  world.  I  believe  we  ought  to  maintain  the  closest 
relations  with  the  Christian  churches  of  Europe  in  this  hour. 

Arrangements  should  be  made,  when  various  commissions 
from  foreign  nations  come  here  to  study  our  trade  and  in- 
dustry, to  seek  out  those  who  are  connected  with  the  Christian 
churches  and  give  them  an  opportunity  to  see  something  of 
our  common  Christian  work  and  institutions  and  to  see  that 
their  welcome  is  shared  by  our  Christian  forces. 

In  accordance  with  the  instructions  of  the  executive  com- 
mittee, the  secretary  has  carried  on  correspondence  relative 
to  the  proposed  world  congress  of  the  churches. 

Perhaps  one  of  the  more  important  opportunities  that  has 
come  to  the  Christian  men  and  women  of  our  nation  has  been 
the  opportunity  for  the  relief  of  suffering  in  both  Europe  and 


190  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Asia.    In  cooperation  with  the  Persian  Relief  committee,  the 
following  letter  was  sent  out  to  the  churches  in  191 5: 

March  24,  1915. 
Dear  Brother: 

We  enclose  a  statement  which  will  surely  meet  warm  and  sym- 
pathetic response  from  the  churches  of  Christ  in  America.  It  appeals 
to  our  Christian  sympathy,  our  sense  of  world-wide  brotherhood,  and 
offers  a  great  opportunity  for  us  to  come  to  the  relief  and  support 
of  our  distant  Christian  brothers  and  sisters  at  a  most  critical  moment. 
The  enclosed  statement  is  authorized  and  issued  by  a  responsible 
interdenominational  committee,  and  has  received  the  official  approval  of 
the  Federal  Council. 

You  will  see  the  need  of  immediate  response.  Will  you  not, 
by  way  of  message  from  the  pulpit  or  through  church  bulletin, 
followed  by  individual  solicitation,  and  if  possible,  a  church  offering, 
or  by  such  other  means  as  may  be  more  effective,  secure  such  assistance, 
sending  your  response  and  check  to 

The  Persian  War  Relief  Committee 

Care  of  Spencer  Trask  &  Co., 

43  Exchange  Place, 

New  York  City. 

For   the   Federal    Council   of    the   Churches    of    Christ   in   America, 

Charles   S.  Macfarland,  General  Secretary. 

Later,  in  cooperation  with  the  American  Committee  for 
Armenian  and  Syrian  Relief,  the  following  letter  was  sent 
out  to  over  80,000  churches,  accompanied  by  a  full  printed 
statement  of  the  situation. 

November  1,  1915. 
To  the  Churches  of  America: 
Dear  Brethren: 

The  cry  from  the  near  East  at  this  moment,  not  only  reaches 
the  heart  of  our  humanity,  but  profoundly  stirs  our  sense  of  ob- 
ligation and  responsibility. 

Our  Christian  brothers  and  sisters  bear  inexpressible  suffering 
for  the  faith  which  our  own  churches  have  sought  to  confirm  within 
them. 

Believing  in  the  power  of  united  intercession,  and  with  the  as- 
sured authority  of  the  constituent  bodies  of  the  Council,  we  hereby 
appoint  Sunday,  November  14,  for  the  expression  of  our  common 
sympathy  and  our  earnest  prayer  in  behalf  of  our  Armenian  brethren 
and  those  of  the  other  races  and  religions  who  innocently  bear  a 
suffering,  the  measure  of  which  the  human  mind  can  scarcely  conceive. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  191 

It  is  earnestly  recommended  that  on  the  same  day,  both  by  general 
contributions  and  by  personal  gifts,  our  churches  express  their  fellow- 
ship and  affection. 

The  peril  of  the  Armenians  in  Turkey  being  the  most  immediate 
and  dire  need,  we  commend  that  cause  at  this  time. 
Yours,  in  the  faith  of  our  Lord, 

Shailer  Mathews, 

President; 
Frank  Mason  North, 
Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee; 
William  I.  Haven, 
Chairman  of  the  Administrative  Committee; 
Charles  S.  Macfarland, 

General  Secretary. 

The  response  to  this  letter  was  universal  and  the  financial 
returns  remarkable  for  generosity. 

Here  again  we  have  an  indication  of  the  kind  of  service 
rendered  by  our  national  office  which,  while  it  may  escape 
public  observation,  is  perhaps  of  sufficient  importance  almost 
of  itself  to  warrant  the  maintenance  of  such  an  office. 

As  the  result  of  our  correspondence  with  Europe,  it  seemed 
advisable  that  the  general  secretary  should  visit  the  Christian 
leaders  of  Europe,  and  the  following  is  the  report  made  upon 
his  return  to  the  administrative  committee.  It  should  be  said 
that  the  situation  has  very  considerably  changed  since  the 
time  this  report  was  issued,  but  it  seems  wise,  nevertheless, 
that  the  report  should  be  conveyed  to  the  Federal  Council. 

REPORT  OF  MISSION  TO  EUROPE 

December,  19 15 — ^January,  19 16 

To  THE  Administrative  Committee 

Believing  that  a  mission  to  Europe  at  this  time  should  be 

carried  out  in  the  simplest  and  most  informal  way,  without 

the  passing  of  resolutions  or  publicity,  I  invited  the  officers 

and  past  officers  of  the  Council  to  confer  upon  the  matter  while 

at  the  meeting  of  the  executive  committee  at  Columbus,  Ohio, 

on  the  evening  of  December  10,  J915. 

After  a  full  statement  of  the  situation  these  officers  unani- 
mously recommended  that  I  should  proceed  immediately. 

I  sailed  on  the  New  Amsterdam  December  14,  and  after 
a  delay  of  two  days  at  Falmouth,  one  day  in  the  English 


192  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Channel  and  another  half  day  caused  by  running  ashore  on 
the  Goodwin  Sands,  landed  at  Rotterdam  December  28,  and 
proceeded  at  once  to  The  Hague. 

I  carried  the  following  hastily  secured  letters  of  introduc- 
tion, which,  while  mainly  from  officials,  were  explained  as 
being  entirely  personal  and  unofficial. 

FEDERAL   COUNCIL  OF  THE   CHURCHES   OF   CHRIST   IN 

AMERICA  December  14,  1915. 

To  Our  Christian  Churches  in  Europe: 
Dear  Brethren: 

The  Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  D.D.,  the  general  secretary  of 
the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America,  is  the  be- 
loved representative  of  the  Council,  its  thirty  constituent  bodies,  and 
125,000  churches. 

With  full  knowledge  of  the  spirit  and  hope  of  his  visit,  he  is 
affectionately  commended  to  all  our  brethren. 

He  is  followed  by  our  earnest  prayers  for  you  and  for  himself. 
Yours  in  Christ, 

Shailer  Mathews,  President; 

Frank  Mason  North,  Chairman,  Executive  Committee; 

Howard  B.  Grose,  Vice-Chairman,  Executive  Committee; 

William  I.  Haven,  Chairman,  Administrative  Committee; 

RiviNGTON  D.  Lord,  Recording  Secretary; 

Alfred  R.  Kimball,  Treasurer; 

Eugene  R.  Hendrix,  Former  President; 

William  H.  Roberts,  Former  Chairman,  Executive  Committee; 

Albert  G.  Lawson,  Vice-Chairman,  Administrative  Committee. 


ALLIANCE  OF  REFORMED   CHURCHES  HOLDING  THE 
PRESBYTERIAN  SYSTEM 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  December  11,  1915. 
To  Whom  It  May  Concern: 

Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  D.D.,  as  the  general  secretary  of 
the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America,  is  the 
representative  of  several  of  the  constituent  bodies  of  the  Alliance  of 
the  Reformed   Churches   Holding  the   Presbyterian    System. 

His  mission  is  earnestly  commended  to  the  brethren  of  our  evan- 
gelical churches  in  Europe. 

Yours  in  Christ, 

Wm.  H.  Roberts, 

American  Secretory. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  193 

-UNION   NATIONALE   DES   EGLISES   REFORMEES 
EVANGELIQUES  DE  FRANCE 

612  United  Charities  Building,   105  East  22d  Street,   New  York 
Emergency  Relief  Fund 

Portland  (Oregon),  le  28  Novembre,  1915. 
Je  me  fais  un  plaisir  de  recommander  aux  eglises  de  France,  de 
Suisse  et  des  Pays-Bas  et  a  leurs  pasteurs  le  Reverend  Macfarland, 
secretaire-general  du  Conseil  Federal  des  Eglises  du  Christ  aux  Etats- 
Unis,  c'est  a  dire  de  la  Federation  qui  reunit  la  plupart  des  eglises 
Protestantes  des  Etats-Unis. 

Delegu6  par  I'Union  Nationale  des  Eglises  Reformees  Evan- 
geliques  pour  la  representer  aux  Etats-Unis  pendant  la  tourmente 
dont  ont  tant  souffert  nos  eglises,  j'ai  recu  I'accueil  le  plus  fraternel 
de  la  part  du  Dr.  Macfarland  et  de  la  Federation  dont  il  est  I'agent 
general.  C'est  done  avec  un  sentiment  tout  particulier  de  reconnais- 
sance que  je  le  recommande,  dans  sa  mission  aupres  des  Eglises  Euro- 
peennes,  a  I'accueil  le  plus  cordial. 

Stuart  L.  Roussel, 

Diligue  de  V  U.  N.  des  Eglises  Reformies 

Evangeliques  de  France. 


FRANCO-BELGIAN  COMMITTEE  ON  EVANGELIZATION 

Richmond,  Va.,  29  Novembre,  1915. 
Aux  ChrStiens  d' Europe. 
Messieurs  et  Honores  Freres: 

Permettez-moi  d'introduire  aupres  de  vous  Monsieur  le  Reverend 
Docteur  Ch.  S.  Macfarland,  secretaire-general  de  la  Federation  des 
Eglises  du  Christ  en  Amerique. 

II  vous  exposera  lui-meme  le  but  de  sa  mission.  Bien  que  ce  soit 
a  peine  necessaire,  j'ai  le  plus  grand  plaisir  a  le  recommander  a  votre 
bon  accueil  et  a  votre  fraternite  chretienne.    M.  Macfarland  est  lui- 

me  digne  de  tout  respect  et  d'une  entiere  confiance,  comme  il  vous 
en  convaincra  bientot  lui-mlme. 

II  represente  une  des  plus  puissantes  organisations  de  la  chr6tient6 
6vangelique. 

Veuillez  agreer  mes  salutations  fraternelles  et  respecteuses. 

Henri  Anet, 
DilSguS  aux  Etats-Unis  du  Cotnite  Franco- 
Beige  d* Evangelisation, 


194  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

GEORGE  UNANGST  WENNER 
319  East  Nineteenth  Street,  New  York 
Trager  dieses,  Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  D.D.,  New  York, 
wird  hiermit  alien  Freunden  und  Bekannten  in  Deutschland  bestens 
empfohlen.  Herr  Doktor  Macfarland  ist  General  Sekretar  des  Fed- 
eral Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America.  Es  ist  dieses  eine 
Vereinigung  von  dreissig  der  Amerikanischen  Kirchen  und  Haupt- 
kirchen  in  Amerika  und  vertritt  mit  nur  wenigen  Ausnahmen  fast 
$ammtliche  evangelisch-protestantische  Kirche  in  unserem  Lande.  Die 
General  Synode  der  evangelisch-lutheranischen  Kirche  ist  auch  damit 
verbunden.  Er  geht  nach  Europa  zwar  nicht  mit  einem  offiziellen 
Auftrag,  jedoch  als  verstandiger  Vertreter  und  Dolmetscher  unserer 
kirchlichen  Gesinnung.  Er  mochte  in  dieser  schweren  Zeit  den  Briidern 
driiben  den  Ausdruck  der  des  herzlichen  Mitgefuehls  und  der  briider- 
lichen  Gemeinschaft  bringen  und  die  Hoffnung  aussprechen  dass  in 
der  Kirche  unseres  gemeinen  Meisters  trotz  allem  Krieg  und  Trennung 
der  Volker  nach  dem  briiderlichem  Frieden  zu  trachten.  Sollte 
vielleicht  auch  jetzt  die  Zeit  noch  gekommen  sein  praktische  Schritte 
auf  diesem  Weg  zu  tun  so  drangt  es  uns  doch  gerade  in  dieser  Zeit 
diesen  Ausdruck  unserer  briiderlichen  Liebe  von  unzahligen  Christen 
zu  senden. 

George  Uj  Wenner. 


THE  GENERAL  SYNOD   OF  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH 
IN  THE  UNITED  STATES 

Bethlehem,  Pa.,  U.  S.  A.,  Dec.  2,  1915. 
To    Pastors,   Representatives,    and   Brethren    of    Whatever    Official 

Capacity  in  the  Reformed  Churches  of  Europe. 
Brethren  : 

This  letter  most  cordially  commends  the  bearer,  the  Rev.  Charles 
S.  Macfarland,  D.D.,  general  secretary  of  the  Federal  Council  of 
the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America,  to  your  generous  confidence  and 
good-will  by  reason  of  the  high  esteem  and  universal  respect  which 
he  deservedly  enjoys  throughout  the  Reformed  Church  in  the  United 
States  as  well  as  in  its  highest  legislative  and  judicial  body,  the 
general  synod  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  the  United  States. 
Fraternally  yours,  in  Christ  Jesus, 

J.  Rauch  Stein, 
Stated  Clerk  of  the  General  Synod  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  th^ 

United  States. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  195 

THE  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH 

John  L.  Nuelsen 

Resident  Bishop  for  Europe 

Zurich,  Switzerland,  November  26,  1915. 
To  the  Pastors  of  the  Methodist  Epsicopal  Church: 
Dear  Brethren: 

It  gives  me  pleasure  to  introduce  to  you  the  Rev.  Charles  S.  Mac- 
farland,  general  secretary  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches 
of  Christ  in  America.  As  you  know,  the  Federal  Council  comprises 
all  the  leading  evangelical  churches  in  the  United  States  and  is  thus 
representative  of  American  Christianity. 

Dr.  Macfarland  goes  to  Europe,  not  on  any  political  errand,  but 
for  conference  and  prayer,  and  to  bring,  through  personal  conference, 
the  sympathy  and  affection  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America. 

Any  courtesies  that  you  may  be  in  position  to  extend  to  Dr.  Mac- 
farland will  be  highly  appreciated  and  will  be  helpful  in  this  time 
when  the  bonds  of  union  between  the  Christians  in  the  various  nations 
should  be  strengthened  as  much  as  possible. 
Very  sincerely  yours, 

John  L.  Nuelsen, 

Bishop, 


THE  NORTHERN  BAPTIST  CONVENTION 
Office  of  Corresponding  Secretary 

St.  Louis,  Mo.,  December  1,  1915. 
To  Any  Whom  It  May  Concern: 

This  is  to  commend  to  your  favor  the  Rev.  Charles  S.  Mac- 
farland, D.D.,  general  secretary  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the 
Churches  of  Christ  in  America.  He  is  a  brother  beloved  by  all  who 
know  him.  Any  kindness  to  him  will  be  greatly  appreciated  by  his 
thousands  of  friends  in  the  United  States. 

W.  C.  Bitting, 
Corresponding  Secretary. 

GENERAL  ASSEMBLY   OF   THE   PRESBYTERIAN    CHURCH 
IN  THE  U.  S.  A. 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  December  11,  1915. 
To  the  Reformed  Churches  of  Europe: 
Dear  Brethren: 

This  commends  to  you  the  Rev.  Dr.  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  gen- 
eral  secretary  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in 


196  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

America.    His  visit  to  your  continent  is  one  of  fraternity,  and  I  ask 
for  him,  as  a  brother  beloved,  your  kindly  courtesies. 

Yours  in  Christ, 

Wm.  H.  Roberts, 

Stated  Clerk. 


PUBLICATION  AND  SUNDAY  SCHOOL  BOARD  OF  THE 
REFORMED  CHURCH 
To  Whom  It  May  Concern: 

The  bearer  of  this  letter  is  the  Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  D.D., 
executive  secretary  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ 
in  America,  an  author  of  note,  and  well-known  and  greatly  beloved 
in  the  Reformed  Church  in  the  United  States. 

It  gives  the  undersigned  the  greatest  pleasure  to  commend  him 
to  ministers  and  members  of  churches  connected  with  the  Alliance 
of  the  Reformed  Churches  Holding  the  Presbyterian  System  through- 
out Europe  and  Great  Britain. 

Dr.  Macfarland  stands  high  in  the  counsels  of  the  Protestant 
Churches  of  the  United  States. 

Cordially  yours, 

RuFUs  W.  Miller, 


PhilaWclphia,  Pa. 
December  1,  1915. 


Secretary. 


ALFRED  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY 
Alfred,  N.  Y. 
Dear  Brethren: 

This  will  introduce  and  commend  to  your  confidence  and  good- 
will, my  friend,  the  Reverend  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  D.D.,  of  New 
York  City,  general  secretary  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches 
of  Christ  in  America.  This  Council  is  an  organized  movement  in  the 
interests  of  the  kingdom  of  God,  righteousness,  and  peace.  Any 
courtesy,  cooperation,  or  aid  you  may  be  able  to  give  Doctor  Mac- 
farland, will  be  gratefully  appreciated  by  himself  and  by  us,  his  many 
friends  in  America.  He  comes  to  you  in  the  name  of  some  thirty 
Protestant  communions  and  17,500,000  members  in  the  United  States. 

Yours  sincerely, 

Arthur  E.  Main. 
November  28,  1915. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  197 

GENERAL  ASSEMBLY    OF   THE   PRESBYTERIAN    CHURCH 
IN  THE  U.  S.  A. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 
To  the  Presbyterian  Churches  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland: 
Dear  Brethren: 

I  commend  to  you  heartily  the  Rev.  Charles  S,  Macfarland, 
general  secretary  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ 
in  America.  As  he  visits  your  countries,  kindly  extend  to  him  sym- 
pathetic courtesies. 

Yours  in  Christ, 

Wm.  H.  Roberts, 

Stated  Clerk. 

AMERICAN  BIBLE  SOCIETY 
New  York 
To  Our  Brethren  in  Europe: 
Dear  Brethren: 

It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  commend  to  your  regard  and  fellow- 
ship, the  Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  general  secretary  of  the  Fed- 
eral Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America. 

I  have  known  him  for  many  years,  and  most  intimately  of  recent 
years,  in  the  important  tasks  that  relate  him  to  our  great  Christian 
communions  in  the  United  States. 

He   visits   Europe   for  purposes   of   Christian   fellowship  and   to 
emphasize  at  this  time  our  faith  "in  the  communion  of  saints." 
I  know  you  will  receive  him  most  cordially. 

Very  truly  yours, 

William  I.  Haven, 

Corresponding  Secretary. 


AMERICAN  BRANCH 

OF 

THE   WORLD   ALLIANCE   OF   THE    CHURCHES    FOR   THE 

PROMOTION  OF  INTERNATIONAL  FRIENDSHIP 
To  Whom  It  May  Concern:  New  York,  November  24,  1915. 

This  will  introduce  to  you  the  Rev.  Ciarles  S.  Macfarland,  D.D., 
general  secretary  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ 
in  America,  and  one  of  the  most  active  members  of  the  American 
group  of  the  World  Alliance  for  Promoting  International  Friend- 
ship through  the  Churches. 

Yours  very  truly, 

Frederick  Lynch, 

Secretary, 


198  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE 
Washington 

December  11,  1915. 
To   the  diplomatic  and  Consular  Officers  of  the    United  States  of 
America,  England,  France,  Germany,  Holland,  and  Switzerland: 
Gentlemen  : 

At  the  instance  of  the  Honorable  J.  H.  Capstick,  a  representa- 
tive in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  I  take  pleasure  in  intro- 
ducing to  you  the  Reverend  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  general  secretary 
of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America,  who 
is  about  to  proceed  to  England,  France,  Germany,  Holland,  and 
Switzerland  in  the  interests  of  that  organization. 

I    cordially    bespeak    for    Mr.    Macfarland    such    courtesies    and 
assistance  as  you  may  render  him  consistently  with  your  official  duties. 
I  am,  gentlemen, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

Robert  Lansing. 

The  nature  of  my  mission  enabled  me  to  proceed  without 
any  delay  from  country  to  country.  At  The  Hague  the  Ger- 
man ambassador,  Baron  von  Kuhlmann,  conveyed  all  my 
letters  of  introduction  to  Berlin,  and  the  German  foreign  office 
at  Berlin  made  similar  provision,  exempting  me  from  examina- 
tion on  entering  Switzerland. 

Ambassadors  Van  Dyke,  Gerard,  and  Stowell  rendered  me 
ready  assistance,  and  in  London  I  was  greatly  helped  by  Mr. 
B.  N.  Thomson  of  Scotland  Yard. 

I  had  arranged  by  cable,  wireless,  and  telegram,  for  small, 
quiet,  but  representative  conferences.  Continuous  corre- 
spondence with  representative  leaders,  which  had  been  carried 
on  ever  since  the  beginning  of  the  war,  had  prepared  the  way. 

Holland 

At  The  Hague  a  small  representative  conference  was 
arranged  by  Dr.  J.  A.  Cramer,  at  which  we  thoroughly  dis- 
cussed our  mutual  tasks  and  opportunities. 

The  Protestant  churches  of  Holland  are  not  federated, 
and  there  is  little  or  no  spirit  of  cooperation. 

The  Dutch  Reformed  Church  is  of  course  the  one  strong 
religious  body,  and  an  understanding  was  entered  into  by 
which  Dr.  Cramer,  with  the  cooperation  of  Professor  J.  W. 
Pont   (Lutheran)   of  the  University  of  Amsterdam,  will  be 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  199 

ready  to  secure  cooperatioa  with  any  movements  on  the  part 
of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America, 
and  will  invite  and  endeavor  to  secure  similar  action  by  the 
other  church  bodies  and  churches  in  Holland.  This  seems  to 
be  the  best  understanding  that  can  be  secured  at  the  present 
time.  The  want  of  any  appreciable  spirit  of  cooperation 
among  the  churches,  and  the  general  attitude  of  doubt  and 
hesitancy,  and,  perhaps,  even  of  suspicion,  caused  by  Holland's 
difficult  position  in  relation  to  the  nations  at  war,  create  a 
situation  of  extreme  difficulty,  and  it  appears  that  the  churches, 
as  such,  in  Holland,  are  not  manifesting  any  strong  sense  of 
responsibility  for  relations  of  friendship,  either  between  nations 
or  between  the  Christian  churches  and  forces  of  nations. 

The  leaders  whom  I  met,  however,  responded  readily  and 
with  deep  and  understanding  sympathy  to  the  ideals  and 
purposes  of  the  American  churches  as  expressed  in  our  Federal 
Council. 

For  the  securing  of  general  information  I  interviewed 
several  leaders  in  political  and  civic  life,  including  Dr.  B.  De 
Jong  van  Beek  en  Donk  of  the  State  Department  of  Justice, 
Dr.  D.  A.  P.  N.  Koolen  of  Utrecht,  and  Dr.  V.  H.  Rutgers, 
Members  of  Parliament,  and  the  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs, 
Dr.  Loudon. 

The  foreign  minister,  who  is  feeling  his  way  towards  the 
calling  of  a  conference  of  neutral  nations,  invited  me  to  obtain 
privately  any  information  at  Berlin  and  Paris  which  would 
help  him  to  determine  his  course,  and  I  have  written  him  that 
any  such  move  is  at  present  inadvisable,  because  actually 
offensive  to  France,  and  unwelcome  to  Great  Britain,  although 
there  is  likely  to  be  a  change  in  the  situation,  due  to  events 
within  the  next  two  or  three  months  which  one  can  easily 
foresee,  and  for  which  all  forces,  both  political  and  moral, 
should  be  in  readiness. 

Germany 

I  went  on  to  Berlin  December  31,  and  on  arrival  at  10 
p.  m.,  found  Professor  Adolf  Deissmann  (my  former  theo- 
logical teacher  and  correspondent)  waiting  to  take  me  to  the 
New  Year  service  at  the  Dom,  at  which  the  Court  Preacher, 
Dr.  Dryander,  preached  a  sermon,  full  of  courage,  but  without 
any  bitterness,  at  a  deeply  impressive  service.  The  main  sub- 
stance of  the  preacher's  thought  was  that  God  is  the  one  God 
of  all  the  nations. 


200  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

A  private  secretary  was  placed  at  my  service,  Secretary 
Herder  of  the  International  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion staff,  and  with  his  kind  and  efficient  help  I  was  enabled 
to  proceed  without  a  moment's  loss  of  time.  I  also  received 
great  help  from  Dr.  Quiring,  an  associate  of  Professor  Deiss- 
mann,  formerly  a  student  under  our  President  Shailer 
Mathews  at  the  University  of  Chicago. 

I  spent  much  time  with  Professor  Deissmann,  and  had 
several  conferences  with  Rev.  F.  Siegmund-Schultze,  formerly 
assistant  court  preacher  at  Potsdam  and  now  in  charge  of 
the  prison  camp  work.  A  visit  to  one  of  the  hospitals  with 
Court  Chaplain  Dohring  and  Pastor  Klatt,  and  other  similar 
arrangements,  including  lunch  at  the  American  embassy  and  a 
conference  with  Ambassador  Gerard,  put  me  in  touch  with 
the  situation. 

My  visit  culminated  in  a  conference  on  Wednesday  even- 
ing, January  5,  at  the  Hospitz  Bahnhof,  Friedrichstrasse,  with 
about  fifteen  representative  Christian  leaders,  including  all  tlie 
Protestant  denominations,  at  which  Professor  Richter 
presided. 

I  stated  my  mission  as  threefold;  for  information  and  under- 
standing; to  preserve  and  maintain  closely  our  relationships  with 
the  churches  of  the  nations  visited;  and  as  looking  forward  to  the 
help  our  American  churches  might  give  in  the  ultimate  process  of 
reconstruction.  I  had  come  in  a  spirit  of  simplicity  and  without 
diplomacy,  not  to  intrude  upon  the  consciences  of  my  brethren,  not 
to  exhort,  not  to  admonish,  and  least  of  all  to  pronounce  judgment. 

In  America  we  need  the  fullest  possible  information  such  as  one 
gets  face  to  face  and  heart  to  heart. 

Our  churches  and  Giristian  leaders  have  their  duties,  distinct 
from  all  other  institutions.  God  has  not  changed  in  his  relation^ 
to  men  of  all  nations,  and  they  are  all  still  brothers  in  his  mind. 
Our  churches  had  failed  to  rise  above  the  turmoil  and  distractions 
and  had  lost  sight  of  their  spiritual  mission  to  the  world.  Might 
we  not,  even  in  the  midst  of  war,  rise  into  a  higher  atmosphere,  and 
might  we  not  thus  find  for  the  nations  their  lost  way?  Should  we 
not  even  now  look  forward  to  the  task  of  spiritual  reconstruction 
and  do  it  in  a  spirit  of  reconciliation? 

I  listened  thoughtfully  ito  all  they  Had  !o  say  and  to  the 
earnest  presentation  of  their  point  of  view,  but  there  was  no 
discussion  of  disputed  political  questions,  although  I  frankly 
stated  the  views  of  the  American  people.     Indeed,  not  once 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  201 

while  in  Berlin  did  I  hear  a  single  serious  bitter  utterance, 
although  I  heard  many  earnest  outbursts  of  loyalty  and  was 
assured  that  they  all  undividedly  supported  their  government. 

The  conference  then  took  up  the  larger  spirit  and  content 
of  my  message,  and  a  deep  spirit  of  religious  feeling  and  of 
prayer  prevailed  to  the  end,  when  Professor  Deissmann 
expressed,  with  the  assent  of  the  others,  a  full  sympathy  with 
all  that  I  had  said,  and  assured  me  that  I  might  convey  to  their 
Christian  brethren  of  all  nations  their  sense  of  Christian  love 
and  brotherhood.    The  meeting  closed  with  earnest  prayer. 

Dr.  Lepsius,  who  has  special  care  of  German  missions  in 
Turkey,  suggested  cooperation  in  Armenian  relief,  and  I 
cabled  the  Rev.  James  L.  Barton,  the  chairman  of  the  Ameri- 
can committee,  suggesting  tentative  and  informational  corre- 
spondence with  Professor  Richter,  the  chairman  of  the  German 
foreign  missions  organization,  and  with  Dr.  Lepsius. 

My  welcome  to  Berlin  and  my  treatment,  not  only  by 
Christian  leaders,  but  by  civilians  and  political  leaders,  was 
warm,  cordial,  and  seriously  kind,  without  a  single  exception 
from  the  inspectors  on  the  frontier  at  Bentheim  until  I  passed 
the  other  frontier  to  Switzerland.  I  confess  that  I  was  sur- 
prised, and  while  undoubtedly  due  partly  to  my  official  rela- 
tionship and  the  peculiar  nature  of  my  mission,  I  think  it 
also  signifies  a  change  of  spirit  and  temper,  at  least  upon  the 
part  of  the  Christian  leaders,  from  that  which  expressed  itself 
at  the  beginning  of  the  war. 

Professor  Deissmann  told  me  that  he  should  make  my  visit 
the  subject  of  one  of  his  weekly  Protestant  letters,  and  that 
may  supplement  my  report,  so  far  as  it  may  express  my  own 
interpretations. 

For  purposes  of  private  information  as  to  the  general 
attitude  of  Germany,  I  had  full  conference  with  von  Jagow, 
Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  and  the  Under-Secretary  of  State 
Zimmermann.  It  happened  just  when  they  were  preparing 
the  final  Lusitania  memorandum,  which  was  sent  to  Ambas- 
sador Bernstorff  the  next  day.  Our  conference  was  frank 
and  free,  and  I  think  perhaps  in  some  measure  informational 
to  them  as  well  as  to  myself. 

I  left  Germany  almost  dazed  by  the  unexpected  gracious 
spirit  expressed  by  all,  in  greater  or  less  degree,  with  whom 
I  came  in  contact. 


202  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL' 

Switzerland 

I  left  Berlin  Wednesday  evening,  January  5,  and  arrived 
at  Basel  at  three-thirty  on  Thursday,  coming  part  of  the  way 
by  carriage.  I  arrived  at  Bern  late  Thursday  evening.  Ow- 
ing to  the  necessity  for  getting  to  Paris  in  accordance  with 
my  original  schedule,  the  most  I  could  do  was  to  confer  with 
Bishop  Nuelsen  over  the  telephone  and  hold  a  conference  with 
Dr.  Ernst  Grob  and  Professor  W.  Hadorn,  preacher  at  the 
Miinster,  who  have  agreed  to  convey  the  knowledge  of  my 
mission  to  the  officers  of  the  Swiss  Confederation  of  Evan- 
gelical Churches  and  arrange  for  an  understanding  looking 
towards  future  cooperation. 

As  in  Holland,  however,  so  in  Switzerland,  there  is  a 
tendency  to  evade  anything  that  is  even  remotely  construed 
as  a  peace  movement,  and  I  cannot  discover  that  the  churches 
as  such  are  as  yet  giving  expression  to  any  deep  sense  of 
obligation,  excepting,  of  course,  the  group  of  Christian  leaders 
who  have  formed  the  Swiss  committee  of  the  World  Alliance 
for  the  Promotion  of  International  Friendship  through  the 
Churches. 

The  situation  is,  of  course,  very  delicate,  because  the  Swiss 
people  are  so  strongly  divided  in  their  sympathies.  There  is, 
however,  a  growing  unity  among  the  churches,  and  we  may 
look  to  them  and  to  the  Swiss  people  for  great  influence  in  the 
process  of  reconciliation. 

My  arrangements  in  Switzerland  were  also  made  difficult 
by  the  death  of  my  correspondent.  Professor  Louis  Emery  of 
Lausanne,  which  occurred  while  we  were  in  the  midst  of  our 
correspondence.  Contact  in  Switzerland  will  be  further  se- 
cured by  Professor  B.  F.  Battin,  international  organizer  of 
the  World  Alliance,  who  went  there  immediately  following 
my  conference. 

France 

In  Bern  I  was  joined  by  Rev.  Ernest  W.  Bysshe,  of 
Grenoble,  superintendent  of  Methodist  Episcopal  missions  for 
France,  and  together  we  arrived  in  Paris,  Saturday,  January  8, 
where  I  was  immediately  met  by  A.  Juncker  (Inspecteur  des 
Fonts  et  Chaussees),  the  vice-president  of  the  Federation  of 
Protestant  Churches  of  France,  in  place  of  the  President,  E. 
Gruner,  who  is  a  military  officer,  now  in  service. 

Monday  forenoon  I  met  a  representative  conference,  pre- 
sided over  by  Rev.  Jules  Pfender,  vice-president  of  the  federa- 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  203 

tion,  and  gave  in  general  substance  the  same  message  as  in 
Germany.  Here  again,  I  listened  to  the  statements  of  reasons 
why  these  men  so  loyally  and  unswervingly  support  the  cause 
of  the  Allies.  They  are  unwilling  to  consider  any  thought  of 
reconciliation  while  the  enemy  is  in  its  present  relationship 
as  regards  their  country. 

Passing  to  the  chief  aim  or  aims  of  my  visit,  they  ex- 
pressed earnest  appreciation  and  asked  me  to  convey  their 
sense  of  fellowship  and  gratitude  to  the  American  churches. 
My  return  again  would  be  warmly  welcomed,  but  nothing  but 
the  immediate  demands  of  conscience  could  receive  their  pro- 
tracted thought  at  the  present  moment.  They  have  as  yet  no 
confidence  at  all  in  any  word  that  comes  from  the  enemy  and 
are  not  likely  to  be  prepared  for  any  mutual  service  with 
Christians  of  the  enemies'  lands  for  several  months  after  the 
war  is  over. 

The  situation  among  French  Protestants  has  been  rendered 
very  difficult  because  of  the  correspondence  from  German 
Christian  leaders,  both  at  the  beginning  of  and  during  the 
war.  It  was  severe  and  much  more  than  severe,  and  has 
aroused  a  resentment  hard  to  overcome,  and  which  makes  it 
difficult  to  induce  any  spirit  of  confidence  on  the  part  of 
French  Christians  in  any  expressions  of  good-will  at  this  time 
from  the  German  brethren.  The  French  brethren  feel  that 
their  overtures  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  were  so  grievously 
rejected  that  some  admission  of  the  wrong  of  this  rejection 
should  be  made  by  the  German  brethren. 

The  following  letter  was  also  handed  me  by  Pastor 
Pfender: 

EGLISE  REFORMER  DE  FRANCE 

Union  Nationale  des  Eglises  Reformees  Evangeliques  de  France 

Commission  Permanente 
Jules  Pfender,  Pasteur,  President 
Paris,  le  8  decembre,  1915. 
Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  General  Secretary  of 

The  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America, 
612  United  Charities  Building,  105  East  22nd  St.,  New  York. 
Monsieur  et  cher  frere  : 

Vous  avez  bien  voulu,  au  nom  du  "Federal  Council,"  adresser  un 
voeu  et  un  message  de  sympathie  fraternelle  a  TUnion  Nationale  des 
Eglises  Reformees   Evangeliques  de  France.     Votre  lettre,  datee  du 


204  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

15  juin,  m'est  arriv^e  a  la  fin  du  m^me  mois,  alors  que  notre  synode 
national  s'etait  reuni  au  commencement.  Cette  assemblee  eut  ete 
bien  touchee  et  reconnaissante  des  sentiments  que  vous  nous  avez 
exprim^s.  Les  graves  circonstances  que  nous  traversons  ont  jete 
dans  I'administration  de  notre  eglise  une  perturbation  qui  empeche 
toute  sorte  de  reunions.  Aussi  n'ai-je  pu  que  recemment  communiquer 
votre  aimable  message  a  la  commission  permanente  de  TUnion 
Nationale.  Elle  m'a  charge  de  vous  en  remercier  et  d'adresser  a 
votre  federation  chretienne  tous  ses  voeux  de  prosperit6  et  de  fidele 
activity  pour  la  gloire  de  notre  divin  Sauveur  et  Roi  et  pour  I'avance- 
ment  de  son  regne  de  justice,  de  saintet6  et  d'amour  dans  le  coeur 
et  la  vie  de  chacun  ainsi  que  dans  le  monde. 

L'accueil  re^u  parmi  les  6glises  6vangeliques  des  Etats-Unis  par 
notre  d61egue,  M.  Stuart  Roussel,  nous  a  vivement  touches.  Nos 
eglises  de  France  sont  fort  eprouv6es  par  la  prolongation  de  la  guerre. 
^Pres  de  la  moiti6  des  pasteurs  sont  sous  les  drapeaux.  Plusieurs 
sont  morts,  ou  bless6s,  ou  malades.  L*61ite  de  notre  jeunesse  est 
fauchee.  Mais  T^preuve  a  rapproche  bien  des  ames  de  leur  Redemp- 
teur,  soit  dans  les  rangs  de  I'arm^e,  soit  au  sein  des  paroisses,  et 
nous  esp6rons  que  de  ces  semailles  sanglantes  sortira  une  moisson 
spirituelle  bdnie. 

Naturellement  nos  difficult^s  financieres  sont  grandes  et  nous 
sommes  reconnaissants  des  secours  qu'accordent  aux  requetes  de  M. 
S.  L.  Roussel  nos  freres  d'Am^rique. 

Recevez,  cher  Monsieur,  Texpression  de  mes  sentiments  devoues 
dans  le  service  du  Seigneur,  juj^s  Pfender. 

I  took  lunch  with  John  Vienot,  of  Revue  Chretienne,  Rev. 
O.  Prunier,  secretary  of  the  conference,  and  Dr.  Bysshe, 
and  in  the  evening,  dinner  with  Rev.  Henri  Merle  d'Aubigne 
of  the  McAU  Mission. 

M.  Juncker  presented  me  for  an  informational  interview 
with  Andre  Weiss,  Coimselor  of  the  Department  of  State, 
who  afterwards  introduced  me  to  M.  Ribot,  Minister  of 
Finance.  On  Sunday,  I  dined  with  an  English  pastor,  the  Rev. 
William  G.  Allen,  where  I  also  met  Dr.  C.  W.  Andrews  of  the 
British  Wesleyan  Mission  Society,  and  a  leading  Methodist 
Episcopal  layman,  Henry  Northcroft. 

Dr.  Bysshe  had  an  interview,  following  our  morning  con- 
ference, with  Paul  Doumergue,  editor  of  Foi  et  Vie,  and  it 
was  through  the  unselfish  and  judicious  help  of  Dr.  Bysshe 
that  I  was  able  to  utilize  every  moment  to  the  greatest 
advantage. 


RSPORT  OP  GENERAL  SECRSTARY  205 

England 

I  traveled  to  London  in  company  with  the  Rev.  Thomas  J. 
Pulvertaft,  just  returning  from  Church  of  England  missions 
in  Spain,  of  which  he  is  the  director,  and  on  my  arrival,  Tues- 
day evening,  January  ii,  at  eleven  o'clock,  found  the  Rev.  F.  B. 
Meyer,  honorary  secretary  of  the  National  Council  of  Evan- 
gelical Free  Churches,  and  Hon.  J.  Allen  Baker,  M.  P., 
patiently  awaiting  me  to  confirm  arrangements  for  my  con- 
ferences. 

The  next  day  I  met  Dr.  Meyer  and  the  Rev.  Robert  F.  Hor- 
ton  in  conference  and  lunched  with  Mr.  Baker,  chairman, 
and  Rt.  Hon.  W.  H.  Dickinson,  M.  P.,  secretary  of  the  World 
Alliance,  attending  the  Conscription  Bill  debate  in  the  House 
of  Commons  in  the  evening. 

Thursday  I  conferred  further  with  Mr.  Dickinson,  with 
Superintendent  B.  N.  Thomson  of  Scotland  Yard,  who  gave 
me  important  political  information,  and  with  H.  M.  Gooch, 
Secretary  of  the  Evangelical  Alliance,  British  Branch,  who 
expects  to  visit  the  United  States  in  the  spring. 

In  the  afternoon  I  met  the  committee  of  the  World  Alli- 
ance for  International  Friendship  through  the  Churches,  con- 
sisting of  Mr.  Baker ;  Mr.  Dickinson ;  Dr.  Henry  T.  Hodgkin ; 
Rt.  Rev.  Herbert  Bury,  Church  of  England  Bishop  of  Central 
Europe;  Very  Rev.  W.  M.  Ede,  Dean  of  Worcester;  Mrs. 
Creighton;  and  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Rushbrooke,  for  conference 
relative  to  the  international  work  of  the  World  Alliance.  A 
special  report  of  this  meeting  will  be  presented  to  the  American 
committee  of  the  Alliance. 

On  Thursday  forenoon  I  met  with  the  executive  com- 
mittee of  the  Fellowship  of  Reconciliation,  with  whose  chair- 
man, Miss  Marian  Ellis,  I  had  further  conference. 

Friday  noon  a  remarkably  representative  luncheon  con- 
ference, numbering  about  twenty-five  men,  was  held  at  the 
St.  Ermins  Hotel,  Sir  Joseph  Compton-Rickett,  M.  P.,  Presi- 
dent of  the  Free  Church  Council,  presiding,  attended  by  the 
officers  of  the  Free  Church  Council,  and  the  presidents  or  other 
representatives  of  Free  Church  Theological  Colleges. 

In  the  evening  I  met  Secretary  Gooch  of  the  Evangelical 
Alliance  at  dinner. 

On  Saturday  I  held  several  personal  conferences,  lunched 
at  the  home  of  Dr.  Meyer,  and  in  the  afternoon  had  a  con- 
ference with  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  at  Lambeth  Palace, 


206  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

concerning  my  special  mission,  and  also  relative  to  the  general 
work  of  the  Federal  Council  and  the  relations  with  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church. 

Sunday  was  spent  at  the  home  of  the  Hon.  J.  Allen  Baker, 
M.  P.,  and  on  Monday  I  left  for  Falmouth,  where,  after  a 
delay  of  over  two  days,  I  sailed  January  20  on  the  6'.  6*. 
Rotterdam.  On  the  voyage  I  had  the  valuable  opportunity  of 
further  conference  with  Dr.  Henry  Van  Dyke,  ambassador  at 
The  Hague. 

I  have  set  forth  the  attitudes  of  the  German  and  French 
brethren  as  occupying  two  extremes  upon  the  question  of — at 
least,  immediate — reconciliation.  Some  of  the  brethren  in  Great 
Britain  may  be  said  to  take  a  somewhat  mediating  position. 
They  stand  with  their  brethren  in  France  as  to  the  great  prin- 
ciples for  which  they  profoundly  believe  they  are  contending, 
but  are,  I  should  say,  less  suspicious  of  the  attitude  at  least  of 
German  Christians,  so  far  as  it  was  manifested  to  me.  In  any 
event  they  seemed  entirely  able  to  understand  and  fully  appre- 
ciate the  position  of  the  brethren  in  America,  and  Sir  Joseph 
Compton-Rickett  expressed  the  hope  that  I  might  continue 
to  occupy  the  relationship  established  by  my  present  mission. 

These  conferences,  while  informal,  simple,  and  unofficial, 
have  perhaps  opened  up  the  way  as  well  as  it  can  be  done  at 
this  time.  Simple  statements  have  been  sent  to  the  religious 
papers  in  each  country,  that  I  have  been  in  their  midst  upon 
a  mission  of  Christian  fraternity,  for  personal  conference 
upon  our  work  of  relief,  and  upon  our  common  interests. 

My  experience  confirms  my  faith  in  the  value  of  utilizing 
the  contact  of  group  relationships.  If  other  movements,  like 
the  Federation  of  Labor,  the  Socialists,  the  academic  and 
literary  groups,  should  pursue,  in  the  same  quiet  and  unosten- 
tatious way,  a  similar  procedure,  it  would,  I  believe,  help 
towards  ultimate  reconciliation  without  the  compromise  of 
essential  principles  or  a  so-called  "patched-up  peace." 
The  Situation  as  a  Whole 

The  visit  would  have  been  well  worth  while  if  only  for 
the  information  gained  as  to  both  the  political  and  religious 
situation,  and  as  a  result  I  would  observe: 

I.  The  present  moment  is  not  the  time  for  any  definite, 
concrete,  political  or  semi-political  or  even  non-political  over- 
tures for  peace.  A  mistaken  movement  at  just  this  time  might 
work  incalculable  harm  and  delay. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  207 

The  movements  which  are  less  likely  to  do  harm  at  this 
moment  are  such  as  the  League  to  Enforce  Peace  and  the 
Organization  Centrale  pour  une  Paix  Durable,  whose  plan  is 
now  that  of  several  expert  commissions  to  study  the  situation. 

Anything,  however,  that  aims  to  "stop  the  war"  is 
injurious. 

I  do  it  very  modestly  when  I  venture  the  following 
diagnosis : 

(i)  The  general  attitude  in  Germany  has  undergone  a 
marked  change,  parallel  in  general  with  the  change  of  the 
Christian  leaders,  from  the  manifest  spirit  of  bitterness  at  the 
beginning  of  the  war  to  their  present  attitude  of  Christian 
reconciliation,  which  they  declare  to  be  without  reference  to 
the  political  differences  which  they  still  maintain. 

They  are  frankly  ready  for  peace,  not  yet  on  terms, 
especially  as  to  the  matter  of  indemnities,  which  would  be 
acceptable  to  their  foes,  and  especially  to  France,  and  yet,  I 
believe,  with  far  greater  concessions  than  the  world  supposes, 
especially  as  regards  annexation.  I  believe  they  might  easily 
be  ready  for  an  adjustment  on  the  assumption  of  the  status 
ante  belliim,  in  other  words,  on  even  terms.  The  Allies,  how- 
ever, especially  France,  are  not  ready  for  this. 

Official  Germany,  or  at  least  its  moderates,  are  desirous  of 
setting  themselves  right  in  regard  to  matters  which  have  been 
generally  condemned  by  neutrals.  I  think  they  have  only 
recently  understood  American  sentiment,  and  we  may  look 
for  further  changes  when  they  fully  comprehend  it  and  its 
grounds. 

They  see  the  economic  and  financial  difficulties  ahead, 
although  at  the  same  time  they  are  confident  of  their  resource- 
fulness, at  least  long  enough  to  weary  out  their  adversaries, 
and  they  are  not  letting  their  peace  hopes  delude  them  into 
inactivity  or  unpreparedness. 

So  far  as  the  Christian  leaders  are  concerned,  they  support 
their  state,  probably  favoring  the  moderate  element  of  the 
government.  They  have  honestly  believed,  and  do  believe,  that 
the  war  was  forced  upon  them,  and  that  they  are  defending 
their  life.  At  the  same  time  I  suspect  they  are  beginning  to 
wonder  whether  or  not  there  have  been  some  misunderstand- 
ings on  this  point. 

The  present  German  attitude  as  to  peace,  as  to  the  regard 
of  neutrals,  and   as  to   the  assumed   modification   of   their 


208  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

demands,    is    of    course    accorded    differing    interpretations, 
alleged  variously  as  follows : 

(a)  It  is  asserted  to  be  because  they  see  that  their  cause  is  ulti- 
mately lost  and  that,  with  their  present  temporary  gains,  they  are  in 
the  best  possible  position  to  gain  in  the  settlement. 

(b)  The  fear  of  increasing  dissatisfaction  among  the  people. 

(c)  They  are  trying  to  lead  the  rest  of  the  world  to  throw  the 
blame  for  further  bloodshed  on  the  Allies. 

(d)  The  moderate  element  of  the  state  is  gaining  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  war,  over  the  hot-heads  and  extreme  militarists.  This 
element  takes  the  larger  moral  view  that  no  good  can  come  from 
continued  conflict  and  that  equality  and  justice  may  even  now  be 
secured  better  by  negotiation  than  by  further  warfare. 

Of  course  the  question  of  mixed  motives  is  always  per- 
plexing in  ethics.  Probably  all  human  deeds  of  outward  good- 
ness are  from  more  or  less  varying  motives.  I  incline  to  the 
feeling  that  the  present  German  mood  is  to  be  thus  explained, 
and  at  least  so  far  as  such  Christian  leaders  as  I  met  are  con- 
cerned, the  higher  motives  may  be  assumed  by  us.  I  rather 
think  that  the  moderates  are  gaining  in  influence,  that  some 
of  the  severer  element  in  the  state  are  inclining  to  moderation, 
that  the  possibility  that  there  have  been  misunderstandings  is 
an  increasing  consciousness,  and  that  such  considerations  as 
these,  together  with  political  and  economic  conditions,  are  the 
causes  of  the  present  state  of  mind.  The  Christian  leaders  are 
the  subjects  of  the  higher  motives  and  influences.  How  far 
will  they  influence  the  state  and  convince  the  people?  That 
is  a  vital  question.  Those  who  distrust  them  urge  that  they 
dissembled  in  order  to  secure  my  sympathy.  I  do  not  believe 
it ;  first,  because  I  believe  in  them ;  second,  because  they  were 
frank  with  me  on  political  matters ;  third,  because  I  think  they 
trusted  me  and  had  some  favorable  opinion  of  my  intelligence ; 
and  finally,  because  I  can  see  the  better  motives  and  reasons 
for  their  attitude  of  mind  and  heart. 

(2)  France  is  invaded  territory;  the  high  spirit  of  her 
people  is  thoroughly  aroused;  it  has  for  the  time  reached  at 
least  dangerously  near  the  sentiment  of  revanche,  which  she 
believes  to  be  righteous  justice  and  its  necessary  retribution. 
Her  immediate  mood  would  impose  preliminary  conditions 
which  preclude  even  the  idea  of  conference.  The  suggestion 
of  anything  of  the  kind  is  offensive,  and  she  resents  it. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  209 

This,  however,  might  be  entitled  to  some  discount  were  the 
issue  clearly  joined,  and  especially  were  she  persuaded  to 
place  confidence  in  the  ethics  of  her  foe.  This  want  of  con- 
fidence, of  course,  is  declared  to  be  largely  due  to  the  military 
excesses  in  Belgium  and  Northern  France.  Therefore,  I  do 
not  think  it  implies  the  same  distrust  of  the  German  Christians 
or  the  German  people.  At  the  same  time,  it  is  alleged  that  the 
German  people  have  appeared  to  excuse  or  palliate.  The 
effect  of  this,  together  with  the  severe  utterances  of  German 
Christians  at  the  beginning  of  the  war,  is  now  very  strong  in 
France,  but  the  clearing  away  of  the  mists  of  misunderstand- 
ing will  bring  mutual  patience,  sympathy,  forgiveness,  and 
reconciliation.  French  Christians  feel  that  an  admission  of 
German  guilt  and  injustice  must  be  made  before  they  can  con- 
sider any  thought  of  reconciliation  with  German  Christians. 

At  the  present  moment,  therefore,  she  protests  that  she 
must  dispose  of  a  foe  likely  at  any  time,  if  left  as  at  present,  to 
crush  her. 

(3)  England  occupies  a  somewhat  mediating  position  and 
comes  nearer  seeing  the  whole  field.  She  would  ask  guaran- 
tees of  a  very  strong  and  guarded  kind  from  Germany  and 
might  be  less  exacting  than  France. 

Meanwhile  the  internal  situations  are  subject  to  fluctua- 
tion. German  leaders  believe  that  England  means  practically 
to  own  Belgium  and  to  take  Calais  as  her  recompense  for 
service  to  France,  and  it  is  even  rumored  that  some  such 
feeling  lurks  in  France  herself.  I  heard  nothing  of  this  kind, 
however,  in  France.  Belgian  refugees  in  England  are  alleged 
to  have  worn  their  welcome  out.  This  has  naturally  qualified 
their  sympathy  with  the  Belgian  people  as  a  whole.  Socialists 
in  all  lands  are  more  or  less  mercurial.  The  common  people 
are  increasingly  questioning. 

Most  important  of  all  is  the  attitude  of  Great  Britain,  with 
whose  past  national  policy  armaments  seem  to  be  an  essential 
and  inextricable  complement,  and  whose  naval  system  bears  at 
least  partial  resemblance  to  German  armament.  It  is  asserted 
that  to-day  England's  fleet  binds,  or  could  hold,  German 
commerce  hard  and  fast,  and  might  continue  to  do  so  even  if 
the  war  were  settled.  The  probable  increasing  rigidity  of  her 
economic  war  on  Germany  is  likely  to  affect  the  situation  very 
materially. 


319  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

I  found  men  of  official  standing  in  Great  Britain,  as  well 
as  thoughtful  citizens,  who,  while  profoundly  believing  that 
a  principle  of  world-wide  significance  is  yet  to  be  decided, 
responded  with  more  or  less  ready  affirmation  to  my  in- 
sinuated question  as  to  whether  or  not,  viewing  the  situa- 
tion over  a  sufficient  space  and  time,  in  its  economic  and  es- 
pecially its  diplomatic  aspects,  the  blame  and  responsibility 
might  not  ultimately  be  distributed  more  widely  among  the 
nations  involved  and  especially  among  their  diplomatic 
leaders  than  is  now  assumed.  I  judge  that  these  are  few 
in  number. 

I  found,  however,  some  confirmation  of  my  growing  feel- 
ing that,  in  addition  to  the  White,  Blue,  and  Yellow  Books  of 
the  diplomacy  of  the  summer  of  1914,  one  would  like  to  know 
more  fully  the  record  of  the  evasive  and  suspicious,  and,  per- 
haps, sometimes  arrogant,  devious,  and  short-sighted 
diplomacy  of  the  preceding  decade ;  likewise  the  whole  story  of 
the  more  or  less  suspicious  military  preparedness  (using  the 
term  at  least  in  the  broader  and  more  general  sense,  or  using 
the  terms  military  '^expectancy"  or  "anticipation")  of  all  the 
nations,  and  indeed,  the  full  story  of  1914,  including  the  reason 
of  Poincare's  visit  to  Russia,  and  considerably  more  about 
the  story  of  Algeciras,  Morocco,  Agadir,  Italy's  African  de- 
velopments, the  Balkan  story,  and  the  inner  record  of  opera- 
tions with  Turkey.  While  this  would  not  excuse  any  ag- 
gressions of  1914,  it  might  at  least  more  fully  explain  some 
points  of  view  and  departure  not  yet  fully  comprehensible. 
And  it  might  involve  this  wider  distribution  of  ultimate 
responsibility. 

How  far  have  Germany's  natural  complaints  been  ignored 
and  left  to  rankle?  How  far  has  vacillation  or  evasion  been 
construed  or  misconstrued  as  perfidy  and  hostility? 

Other  immediately  incidental  questions  arise:  How  far 
shall  we  consider  the  situation  of  the  Jews  in  Russia  as  not 
altogether  unlike  the  Armenians  in  Turkey?  How  far  may 
Poland  and  East  Prussia  be  thought  of  in  terms  of  Belgium  ? 

The  answer  to  some  of  these  questions  might  explain,  even 
if  it  did  not  excuse  or  palliate.  It  would  at  least  explain  points 
of  view  not  yet  generally  apparent. 

Some  general  observations,  which  I  will  now  venture  to 
suggest,  I  also  found  to  meet  response  in  the  minds  of  thought- 
ful men  in  all  three  nations: 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  211 

1.  The  Allies  have  plans,  and  the  Central  Powers  have 
equally  definite  plans,  to  be*  brought  to  pass  in  the  next  two  or 
three  months  (perhaps  longer),  upon  which  much  more 
depends,  owing  to  larger  preparedness  and  greater  complica- 
tions, than  on  any  previous  ones. 

My  impression  is  that  both  are  not  unlikely  to  meet 
measurable,  but  neither  complete,  success.  That  is  to  say,  no 
decisive  or  overwhelming  advantage  will  be  gained.  In  any 
event,  whatever  the  outcome,  they  are  likely  to  bring  us  nearer 
to  settlement  by  negotiation.  I  have  reason  to  believe  that  in 
the  minds  of  both  sides  this  is  more  or  less  expected,  especially 
in  Germany  and  England,  and  in  the  minds  of  some  high  in 
authority  in  France.  That  is  to  say,  neither  side  feels  con- 
fident on  this  question. 

2.  Both  sides  seem  to  admit,  at  least  to  themselves,  that 
their  original  expectations  have  failed,  and  their  doubt  as  to 
ultimate  annihilation  of  the  enemy,  or  anything  approaching  it, 
is  not  decreasing. 

3.  Men  who  foresee  the  ultimate  defeat  of  Germany,  if 
the  war  last  long  enough,  admit  the  possibility  that  she  can 
stand  out  so  long  that  the  others  may  weary  out,  and  their 
minds  also  take  account  of  the  many  possible  complications  or 
accidents  which  may  upset  their  main  contention.  The  further 
question  becomes  more  and  more  in  evidence.  Will  it  not  cost 
more  than  the  end  is  worth?  Can  justice  still  be  secured  some 
other  way?  I  feel  sure  that  men  are  feeling  this  far  more 
than  they  express  it. 

The  period  of  onset  is  over;  the  nations  are  now  in  the 
grip  of  war.  Shall  they  go  on  and  enter  the  third  stage,  the 
drag  of  war,  which  might  perhaps  be  almost  interminable,  and 
which  might  more  or  less  deplete  the  nations  to  the  verge  of 
economic  and  moral  bankruptcy? 

4.  The  feeling  is  gaining  on  the  whole  that  negotiation 
will  play  a  larger  part  than  originally  expected,  and  perhaps 
larger  than  will  military  force,  in  the  settlement. 

Not  only  the  peoples  but  the  Christian  leaders,  and  even 
the  governments  of  all  the  nations  in  some  degree,  have  been 
and  are  (in  varying  measure,  perhaps)  the  victims  of  mis- 
understandings through  partial  or  false  reports  and  an 
unscrupulous  press.  Condemnation  of  the  press  for  making 
things  worse  instead  of  better  is  quite  general. 


212  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

I  found  this  to  be  the  case  regarding  complications  in 
mission  fields  involved  and  in  prison  camp  matters.  I  know 
that  grievous  falsehoods  have  been  spread  in  these  instances 
on  both  sides. 

5.  There  is  one  question  which,  if  assured  of  settlement 
or  of  adequate  conference,  might  relegate  all  others  to  the 
immediate  realm  of  negotiation.  It  is  this:  Would  all  the 
nations  agree  and  furnish  guarantees  that  such  a  (probably 
gradual)  limitation  of  armaments  should  be  conceded  and  such 
a  European  federation  of  states  established  as  would  assure 
the  peace  of  Europe?  This^  of  course,  would  also  involve 
changes  in  form  of  government,  not  only  in  Germany  but  also 
in  Russia  and  the  other  countries.  It  might  affect  the  present 
system  of  party  government  in  Great  Britain.  Indeed,  it 
is  admitted  that  the  conflict  of  democracy  and  autocracy  is 
not  altogether  one  whose  line  of  division  is  identical  with  that 
which  marks  off  the  present  combinations  of  states. 

The  question  of  the  military  system  in  Germany  is  not 
unlikely  to  be  affected  for  the  better  of  the  association  of 
Austria,  which  is  not  a  military  people. 

This  might  involve  two  difficulties:  First,  the  giving  up 
by  Germany  of  a  fond  military  system,  which  she  has  be- 
lieved essential  to  moral  and,  indeed,  spiritual  discipline ;  and 
second,  would  she  trust  herself  to  such  a  federation,  in  view 
of  the  fact  that  she  has,  as  she  believes,  suffered  at  the  hands 
of  the  diplomacy  of  partial  federations? 

Could  we  take  the  minds  of  European  statesmen  away 
from  questions  of  territorial  division  and  indemnity  and  dis- 
cussions as  to  who  started  the  war,  and  bring  them  to  bear  on 
these  two  questions,  we  should  see  light.  I  found  a  good  deal 
of  support  in  high  quarters  for  some  such  plan  as  "The  League 
to  Enforce  Peace." 

This  much  may,  I  think,  be  affirmed:  There  is  a  disposi- 
tion towards  two  truths — that  economic  justice  or  economic 
growth  cannot  be  gained  by  military  means  and  force,  and  that 
militarism  cannot  be  put  out  of  existence  by  military  methods. 
These  feelings  are  increasing  varyingly  in  all  quarters,  and  this 
spirit  will  beai  close  watch  in  the  next  few  months. 

There  may  soon  be  opportunity  for  some  kind  of  moral 
intervention.  I  doubt  the  Pope's  chances  for  it  unaided. 
European  Protestants  do  not  want  papal  intervention  at  all. 
While  it  may  need  to  be  unofficial  or  only  semi-official,  I 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  213 

believe  that  the  nations  of  Europe  are  really  looking,  or 
will  look,  to  the  United  States.  I  am  aware  of  the  vehement 
utterances  in  all  these  nations  to  the  contrary.  But  we  must 
not  take  too  seriously  the  outward  attitude,  more  or  less 
obtaining  in  all  these  nations,  of  dissatisfaction.  The  thought- 
ful and  responsible  men  of  Germany,  France,  and  England 
will  ignore  these  relatively  trivial  incidents  of  an  impossible 
situation  when  we  find  our  place  of  leadership.  Even  though 
the  nations  decide  to  meet  face  to  face  without  the  immediate 
participation  of  outside  nations,  as  is  perhaps  likely,  they  will 
still  require  our  moral  assistance  and  sympathy. 

I  have  constantly  supplemented  my  information  by 
mingling  with  the  people  and  the  soldiers,  so  far  as  my 
linguistic  facilities  permitted,  and  my  general  impressions  have 
received  confirmation  from  these  sources. 

They  are  also  generally  confirmed  by  conferences  with  such 
men  as  G.  Lowes  Dickinson,  of  Cambridge  University,  and 
C.  R.  Ashbee,  of  the  League  of  Nations  in  England,  who 
are  now  here  conferring  with  the  executive  committee  of 
the  League  to  Enforce  Peace,  and  Herman  Bernstein,  who 
has  recently  spent  several  months  in  the  belligerent  countries. 

In  the  minds  of  the  soldiers  the  chief  bitterness  is  over 
the  matter  of  alleged  unfair  methods  of  warfare. 

As  to  the  peoples  as  a  whole:  In  Germany  the  prevailing 
sense  is  that  of  deep  seriousness,  soberness,  and  a  restraint 
approaching  austerity.  In  France  one  sees  the  same  feeling  on 
the  one  hand,  while  at  the  same  time  Paris  (France,  of 
course,  is  not  to  be  judged  by  Paris,  whose  evils  are  cosmo- 
politan and  too  largely  American)  has  restored  something 
of  her  gayety,  and  even  among  those  whose  spirit  is  that 
of  resolution  there  seems  to  be  at  the  present  moment  a  lack 
of  anything  like  austerity.  While  thoughtful  men  in  England 
are  grave  and  determined,  the  war  has  not  seemed  as  yet  to 
affect  the  people  as  a  whole  with  the  full  sense  of  its  calamity. 

I  suppose  these  moods  vary  according  to  temperament,  to 
the  exigencies  of  the  moment,  the  question  of  personal  and 
family  sacrifice,  the  nearness  or  remoteness  of  actual  events, 
and  the  status  of  victory  or  defeat,  and  I  presume  our  own 
nation  would  be  affected  in  these  same  various  ways. 

On  the  whole,  I  found  among  people  of  the  upper  and 
middle  classes  less  sense  of  calamity  than  I  had  looked  for. 
With  the  working  and  common  people,  and  especially  with 


214  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

such  groups  as  the  Socialists,  one  finds  the  most  real  sense  of 
soberness. 

The  Federal  Council  and  the  American  Churches 
As   our  part   in   this   coming   consummation   I  therefore 
suggest : 

1.  We  should  restrain  the  impatience  of  our  various 
movements  and  organizations  for  the  immediate  present,  and 
we  should  ourselves  act  quietly  and  unofficially.  The  peoples 
are  getting  sick  of  the  war,  but  not  yet  enough  sick,  and  they 
are  not  yet  ready  to  submit  their  questions  of  conscience  to 
negotiation.  We  need  to  await  some  further  sentiment  upon 
the  part  of  the  common  peoples,  who  are,  I  believe,  already 
beginning  to  question  their  own  confidence  in  statecraft, 
diplomacy,  and  government. 

2.  We  should  continue  by  such  means  as  we  may  ap- 
prove through  conference,  to  cultivate  the  situation  which 
has  been  initiated  by  my  visit.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that 
my  procedure  elicited  warm  approval  by  all  the  statesmen  and 
diplomats  whom  I  met.  They  all  felt  that  it  was  the  best,  if 
not  the  only,  kind  of  intervention  at  this  moment. 

3.  We  should  prepare  to  make  this  work  of  reconcilia- 
tion and  reconstruction  our  largest  effort  for  the  immediate 
future,  and  prepare  our  minds  and  activities  for  it.  It  might 
be  well  to  secure  some  sort  of  immediate  general  approval  by 
our  constituent  bodies. 

4.  The  one  thing  which  has  been  our  strongest  asset  of 
influence  has  been  the  relief  work  of  America  and  the  Ameri- 
can churches.  But  it  has  not  been  adequate  or  proportional. 
I  learned  in  conference  with  Edgar  Rickard,  honorary  secre- 
tary of  the  Belgian  Relief  Commission,  that  while  person- 
alities like  Mr.  Hoover  had  rendered  the  greatest  service,  our 
contributions  of  money  had  been  disproportionate  as  con- 
trasted with  Canada  and  Great  Britain,  although,  of  course, 
this  is  offset  by  our  gifts  of  food  and  supplies. 

We  might  issue  an  immediate  call  in  this  matter  to  the 
churches  and  to  the  American  people.  Our  brethren  abroad 
are  saying  that  while  we  may  have  been  confused  on  the  issues 
of  the  war,  we  have  entered  straight  upon  the  one  clear  duty 
of  relief,  and  we  shall  greatly  strengthen  our  position  and 
influence  by  opening  this  door  more  widely. 

Indeed,  our  most  serious  weakness  is  due  to  the  reproach 
in  which  we  are  held  because  of  the  allegation,  more  or  less 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  215 

made  upon  the  part  of  all  the  nations^  that  we  are  utilizing 
the  war  for  our  economic  and  commercial  gain. 

Our  best  counteracting  influence  is  and  will  be  our  work 
of  relief.  Again  and  again,  men  who  criticized  our  govern- 
ment and  our  commercial  interests  declared  that  our  com- 
mon people  and  high-minded  men  of  wealth  had  largely  rec- 
tified mistakes  in  other  quarters.  And,  what  is  more  im- 
portant, it  is  said  that  this  has  come  mainly  from  and  through 
the  Protestant  churches.  As  this  report  is  confidential,  I  will 
say  frankly  that  I  might  have  found  access  to  French  Pro- 
testants difficult  had  it  not  been  for  this  and  for  the  nearer 
reason  that  we  had  helped  (little  enough)  Pastor  Roussel. 
Pastor  Anet,  now  with  us,  should  receive  our  hearty  assistance, 
and  I  recommend  that  the  administrative  committee  immedi- 
ately appoint  a  strong  committee  to  find  access  for  him  to 
our  churches. 

5.  The  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in 
America,  by  virtue  of  its  representative  strength  (which  makes 
a  very  great  impression  abroad),  is  in  a  better  position  to  act 
eflfectively  and  with  authority  than  any  or  all  of  our  voluntary 
religious  movements,  peace  organizations,  or  similar  bodies 
more  or  less  without  official  weight. 

It  may  therefore  appropriately  invite  such  movements  and 
organizations  to  cooperate  through  its  agency. 

Such  international  movements  as  the  Edinburgh  Continua- 
tion Committee,  the  World's  Christian  Student  Federation, 
the  International  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  and  the 
Foreign  Missions  Conference  occupy  a  distinct  position  be- 
cause of  their  wider  international  scope.  Similarly,  such 
organizations  as  the  Bible  societies.  In  these  cases,  however, 
there  should  be  the  fullest  understanding  in  the  interest  of 
effectiveness  and  the  avoidance  of  confusion. 

Some  such  World  or  Americo-European  Conference  of 
the  Evangelical  Churches  as  we  have  been  for  some  time  con- 
sidering may  be  found  ultimately  advisable.  Whatever  may 
be  its  own  value,  I  cannot  see  that  the  proposed  Conference 
on  Faith  and  Order  could  possibly  deal  with  the  practical  and 
concrete  matters  of  reconstruction. 

I  would  suggest  an  informal  conference,  perhaps  in  March, 
of  representatives  of  the  interdenominational  and  international 
bodies  interested,  looking  towards  a  policy  of  "preparedness." 


216  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

It  may  also  be  advisable,  upon  my  return  from  Panama, 
to  have  a  conference  with  Christian  leaders  in  Canada. 

6.  I  suggest  that  we  consider  the  advisability  of  recom- 
mending that  representatives  of  our  constituent  bodies  having 
organic  or  fraternal  relations  with  churches  in  Europe  follow 
some  such  procedure  as  that  of  the  Federal  Council  in  my 
visitation.  We  might  make  the  same  recommendation  to  the 
World  Alliance  of  Reformed  Churches,  American  Committee. 
Likewise  to  some  of  the  Interdenominational  Movements. 

Conclusion 

As  I  went  on  meeting  group  after  group  and  catching 
their  spirit,  I  became  more  and  more  persuaded  of  the  truth 
of  my  own  utterances. 

Our  Christian  churches  in  all  lands,  and  especially  our 
own,  which  has  less  excuse,  have  as  yet  failed  to  rise  to  the 
great  occasion  and  opportunity  before  them,  have  lost  sight 
of  their  distinctive  spiritual  mission,  and  have  themselves  been 
drawn  into  the  vortex  of  a  seething  civilization.  We  have 
come  very  near  declaring,  or  at  least  assuming,  a  "moratorium" 
of  Christian  faith.  In  America  we  have  fallen  into  Pharisaism, 
and  all  the  peoples  are  worshipping  tribal  gods.  The  Old 
Testament  has  persisted  without  the  light  of  the  new  covenant, 
and  the  law  by  Moses  has  failed  to  be  clothed  with  the  grace 
and  truth  which  came  by  Jesus  Christ. 

The  Roman  Catholic  Church  in  France  has  begun  to  build 
itself  upon  the  ruins,  and  this  raised  in  my  mind  the  question. 
Ought  not  this  to  have  been  and  to  be  the  occasion  of  a  great 
evangelical  revival  in  France,  led  by  the  old  Huguenot 
churches  ?  But  they  are  small  in  number  and  we  ought  to  help 
them  in  their  tremendous  task. 

The  Christian  leaders  all  proclaim  that  they  seek  peace 
with  justice,  but  has  not  the  Christian  church  a  contribution  to 
make  towards  this  end,  without  losing  her  own  distinctive 
spiritual  mission  and  without  casting  to  the  winds  her  spirit 
of  reconciliation? 

Christian  leaders  are  everywhere  drawing  new  maps  of 
Europe  instead  of  seeking  to  realize  an  international  kingdom 
of  the  spirit.  They  are  still  dealing  with  the  terms  of  inter- 
national diplomacy  which  have  wrought  the  very  disaster  from 
which  they  seek  to  escape. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  217 

;  The  churches  of  the  neutral  nations  have  all  assumed  a 
simulated  and  impotent  neutrality,  and  in  our  own  land  been 
content  with  individual  and  limited  judgments,  losing  sight  of 
their  task  to  save  the  world  through  the  reconciling  of  men 
one  to  another  in  Jesus  Christ. 

True,  there  are,  as  with  individuals,  moments  in  the  life 
of  nations  when  the  soul  of  the  nation  in  the  inviolable  solitude 
of  its  own  personality  stands  face  to  face  with  the  divine 
reality,  and  no  other  nation  may  intrude  beyond  the  veil  into 
the  Holy  of  Holies.  And  yet  human  help,  delicately  and 
reservedly  and  humbly  offered,  may  assist  human  beings  to 
answer  the  questions  of  their  own  souls. 

We  may  ourselves  believe  and  ask  our  Christian  brethren 
of  the  nations  to  believe  the  best  they  can  of  one  another. 

We  may,  by  admitting  our  own  share  of  blame  for  an 
un-Christian  civilization,  suggest  without  offense  the  wider 
distribution  of  that  blame. 

We  may,  without  intruding  upon  men's  consciences,  in 
the  spirit  of  the  publican,  find  ways  of  suggesting  that  peace 
and  justice  will  both  be  approached  by  the  churches  and 
especially  the  responsible  Christian  leaders  of  all  nations,  rising 
above  the  conflict  (even  though  led  in  it  by  conscience)  into 
a  higher  spiritual  atmosphere. 

May  I  confess  to  a  great  spiritual  experience  as  the  result 
of  my  prayer  and  conference  with  these  beloved  brethren,  to 
a  deep  feeling  of  humility,  to  a  greater  sense  of  the  limitations 
of  my  own  human  knowledge  and  understanding,  and  above 
all,  to  a  deeper  faith  in  the  Christians  of  all  these  lands,  be- 
cause I  have  come  so  much  nearer  seeing  their  hearts  than 
they  do  to  seeing  each  other's  hearts? 

It  goes  without  saying  that  all  my  observations  and  im- 
pressions are  subject  to  the  mutations  of  a  confused  situation, 
in  which  merest  accidents  may  upset  seeming  probabilities, 
and  yet,  even  if  this  should  be  the  case,  I  think  my  report  will 
indicate  tendencies,  dispositions,  and  certain  definite  trends, 
which  unexpected  changes  would  only  alter  as  to  the  matter 
of  time. 

I  have  said  that,  despite  all  mutterings  and  trivial  com- 
plaints, all  these  peoples  are  really  looking  or  will  look  to 
America  for  light,  but  whether  or  not  political  differences 
hinder  America's  official  opportunity,  there  is  nothing  in  the 
w^ay  of  a  great  work  of  reconciliation  by  the  churches  of 


218  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Christ  in  America  with  the  churches  of  Christ  in  Europe. 

We  may  continue  our  spiritual  task,  unhindered  by  politi- 
cal limitations,  from  which  we  have  unique  if  not  absolute 
freedom. 

And  I  now  venture  a  suggestion,  which  has  from  time  to 
time  instinctively  come  to  my  own  mind^  and  which  several  of 
my  interviewers  have  unhesitatingly  recommended — the  possi- 
bility of  a  quiet,  small  conference  of  representative  Christian 
leaders,  of  both  neutral  and  belligerent  nations,  at  the  earliest 
moment  when  it  would  be  assured  of  full  participation.  It  is 
interesting  that  this  proposition  has  come  to  me  not  so  much 
from  churchmen  as  from  informed  publicists  and  men  of 
general  affairs,  one  of  the  most  urgent  a  Hebrew  editor,  who 
has  been  in  Europe  for  the  past  six  months,  in  pretty  close 
touch  with  men  and  movements. 

One  of  my  informants,  who  had  an  interview  at  the 
Vatican  in  September,  tells  me  that  the  Pope  expressed  the 
hope  of  a  conference,  whether  sooner  or  later,  in  which 
Protestant  representatives  would  be  assumed  to  participate. 

Having  thus  set  before  my  brethren  such  information  as  I 
possess,  I  can  now  only  reply  for  further  procedure  upon  their 
maturer  prayerful  judgment. 

Charles  S.  Macfarland 
S.  S,  Rotterdam,  January  29,  1916. 

Many  of  the  religious  papers  in  Europe  made  pleasant  and 
appreciative  reference  to  this  visit,  and  many  communications 
have  since  been  received  expressing  approval  from  the  church 
leaders  in  Europe.  This  matter  is  dealt  with  more  in  detail 
in  the  report  of  the  Commission  on  Peace  and  Arbitration,  but 
I  should  make  record  of  the  following  correspondence: 

Grenoble,  Jan.  25,  1916. 
Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  Ph.D., 

105  East  22d  St.,  New  York. 
My  Dear  Dr.  Macfarland: 

First  of  all,  I  want  to  thank  you  personally  for  the  opportunity 
you  have  given  me  of  examining  closely  the  point  of  view,  first  of  our 
German  fellow-Christians  and  secondly  of  the  more  objective  Ameri- 
can observers.  These  days  of  contact  with  you  and  the  long  con- 
versations we  had  together  were  good  for  me,  not  that  they  in  any 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  219 

way  changed  my  convictions   but  your   objectivity   served   to   adjust 
and  perhaps  correct  some  exaggerations. 

Secondly,  the  fact  that  the  churches  of  America  are  sufficiently 
interested  to  send  over  the  chief  executive  of  the  Federal  Council  to 
examine  the  situation  in  order  to  report  to  them  what  their  duty  is, 
this  to  us  over  here  seems  to  mark  an  epoch  in  American  Christianity. 
It  is  significant  that  it  should  come  from  the  United  States,  whose 
attitude  in  the  world's  politics  has  been  that  of  aloofness  and  of 
"splendid  isolation."  It  is  also  significant  that  what  is  perhaps  the  most 
important  Protestant  organization  in  the  world  has  come  to  feel 
that  its  duty  lies  not  only  in  the  propagation  of  individual  salvation 
but  also  compels  it  to  interest  itself  in  the  social  and  political  welfare 
of  humanity. 

Much  will  depend  on  what  your  report  will  be  to  American 
Protestantism,  but  knowing  you  as  I  do,  I  am  sure  that  you  will 
insist  upon  at  least  two  points:  first  that  there  is,  underlying  the 
present  war,  a  deep  moral  sentiment  which  the  Christians  in  America 
must  take  at  its  full  value.  Any  lack  of  appreciation  on  the  part  of 
our  churches  at  home,  any  tendency  to  make  light  of  it,  or  to  put 
material  considerations  to  the  fore  as  the  underlying  causes  of  the 
struggle  will  weaken  the  position  of  American  Protestant  Christianity. 
And  secondly,  the  best  and  in  fact  the  only  intervention  worth  while 
at  the  present  time  is  the  interevention  of  sympathy  expressed  in 
material  helpfulness.  If  the  United  States  are  suffering  some  incon- 
venience from  the  war,  Europe  is  bleeding  to  death.  If  some  financial 
stringency  is  felt  in  certain  quarters  at  home,  in  Europe  a  general 
impoverishment  is  staring  society  in  the  face. 

The  general  feeling  here  is  that  America  is  making  money  out  of 
this  awful  catastrophe,  and  this  feeling  tends  to  obscure  the  splendid 
work  that  is  being  done  by  various  American  agencies.  If  therefore, 
on  the  part  of  the  churches  of  America,  a  great  demonstration  of 
brotherhood  and  sympathy  could  reach  the  suffering  peoples  of 
Europe,  great  things  would  have  been  accomplished  both  for  America 
and  for  Christianity. 

Thanking  you  again  for  the  few  delightful  days  we  spent  together, 
for  the  personal  encouragement  and  brotherly  sympathy  you  brought 
me,  I  beg  you  believe  me. 

Cordially  yours, 

Ernest  W.  Bysshe, 

Directeur,  Mission  Francaise,  Eglise  Methodiste  Episcopate, 


220  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Eguse  Reformee  de  France 
Union  Nationale  des  Eglises  Reformees  Evangellques  de  France 

Commission  Permanente 
Jules  Pfender,  Pasteur,  President 
Paris,  le  28  Juli,  1916. 
Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  General  Secretary, 

Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America, 
105  East  22d  Street,  New  York  City, 
Dear  Sir  and  Brother  : 

The  fellow  workers  are  rare  in  our  Protestant  churches  of  France. 
Although  the  Lord  does  wonderfully  increase  our  strength  by  these 
times  of  hard  trial,  it  is  impossible  to  be  adequate  to  our  task.  Minister 
of  a  vast  parish,  being  only  helped  by  an  assistant  pastor,  working 
in  different  churches  where  the  pastors  are  with  the  colors,  member  of 
twenty  councils  or  committees,  and  being  entrusted  with  the  direction 
of  the  450  churches  of  the  Union  Nationale  des  Eglises  Reformees 
Evangeliques  de  France,  scattered  over  the  country  and  Algeria,  you 
will  excuse  me,  I  am  sure  you  have  already  done  so  in  the  goodness 
of  your  heart,  for  having  been  silent  such  a  long  time.  I  deeply 
regret  it.  Having  retired  for  a  few  days  to  the  country,  I  break  this 
silence.  I  am  sending  you  to-day,  my  kindest  remembrances  and  my 
best  thanks. 

I  thank  you  for  your  kind  visit  to  Paris  in  February  last.  It 
was  too  short,  and  I  am  sorry  I  did  not  have  the  opportunity  of 
conversing  with  you  personally.  You  came  to  us  with  a  Christian 
good-will  and  sympathy  to  which  a  unanimous  homage  was  given. 
Your  wish  is  that  not  only  this  horrible  war  may  be  ended,  but  that 
peace  may  revive  in  the  hearts  of  men,  above  all,  between  the  Chris- 
tian hearts  of  the  nations  fighting  to-day.  But  at  the  present  time, 
neither  Englishmen  nor  Frenchmen  can  be  associated  with  this  noble 
and  generous  wish.  We  desire  ourselves  to  have  peace,  but  under 
the  condition  that  it  would  not  be  a  denial  of  justice. 

Pray  to  God  that  through  this  fire  or  through  these  tears,  many 
souls'  may  come  back  to  the  Cross  or  meet  their  Savior  who  is  the 
Prince  of  Peace. 

I  must  now  thank  you  heartily,  dear  brother,  for  the  reception  you 
gave  to  the  delegate  of  our  churches.  Rev.  Stuart  L.  Roussel.  Every- 
where where  he  has  been,  from  American  churches  as  well  as  from 
individuals,  he  met  with  good-will  nearly  without  exception,  from  the 
Presbyterians,  Congregationalists,  Episcopalians,  of  which  a  number 
showed  particular  attachment  to  France  and  to  our  churches,  succes- 
sors of  th$  heroic  Huguenots,  fathers  of  so  many  Americans. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  221 

The  Commission  Permanente,  of  which  I  have  the  honor  of  being 
president,  and  the  Synode  Nationale,  which  held  its  session  on  June 
18-19  in  Paris  Batignolles,  asked  me  to  tell  you  how  grateful  our 
Reformed  Evangelical  Churches  are.  Their  life  and  instructions  are 
builded  on  the  immovable  rock  of  the  Word  of  God  and  the  faith 
in  Jesus  Christ,  only  Son  of  God,  who  "died  for  our  sins  and  rose  from 
the  dead  for  our  justification." 

I  do  not  see  to  whom  I  could  send  this  message  but  to  you.  You 
represent  with  your  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  more 
than  a  hundred  thousand  churches  of  the  United  States.  You  also  were 
kind  enough  to  give  to  Rev.  Roussel  a  sort  of  official  residence  in 
your  great  building  at  Twenty-second  Street  where  your  Council  sits. 
You  began  also  the  gigantic  organization  of  the  appeal  sent  to  all  your 
churches  and  of  which  I  received  some  copies.  You  are  asking  them 
to  interest  themselves  in  a  permanent  way  by  heart  and  by  prayer 
as  by  repeated  gifts  to  the  multitude  of  innocent  victims  of  this 
universal  war,  that  is  entering  in  the  third  year  of  ravages.  Among 
these  victims,  you  place  the  evangelical  churches  of  France,  that  are 
weeping  for  the  flower  of  their  youth,  some  of  their  ministers,  and  are 
seeing  lessened  in  the  same  proportions  their  resources  in  money  and 
in  men.  We  are  calling  the  grace  of  God  on  your  splendid  enterprise, 
asking  the  Almighty  all  sorts  of  blessings  for  the  American  churches 
in  regard  to  their  sacrifices  joyfully  consented. 

Let  me  join  to  this  letter  a  few  details  regarding  the  life  of  our 
churches  during  the  second  year  of  war.  They  are  taken  out  of  the 
report  I  made  to  our  synod.  I  am  sending  you  also  a  copy  of  the 
letter  which  I  am  addressing  to  our  devoted  correspondent  Mr.  J. 
Rendall,  authorizing  him  to  receive  for  the  Union  Nationale  des  Eglises 
Reformees  Evangeliques  de  France  all  liberalities  which  might  be 
destined  to  them  in  America. 

In  ending  I  wish,  dear  sir,  that  your  eyes  and  those  of  all  our 
friends  in  your  great  republic  may  be  opened  to  the  truth  and- the 
conscience  to  righteousness,  at  the  same  time  as  your  hearts  vibrate 
by  ardent  love  in  favor  of  all  unfortunates. 

Receive,  dear  sir  and  brother,  my  kindest  remembrances  and  my 
devoted  feelings  in  the  service  of  our  divine  Master  and  Savior,  Jesus 
Christ. 

(Signed)       Jules  Pfendeiu 


222  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

August  21,  1916. 
Rev.  Jules  Pfender,  President,  Commission  Permanente, 

Union  Nationale  des  Eglises  Reformees  Evangeliques  de  France, 
1  rue  Bourdaloue,  Paris  IX,  France, 
My  Dear  Pastor  Pfender: 

I  thank  you  for  your  gracious  and  helpful  letter  of  July  28. 

I  deeply  regretted  the  brevity  of  my  stay  in  Paris,  and  that  I  did 
not  have  opportunity  for  more  conference  with  you  and  the  other 
brethren.  But  my  duties  here  are  of  such  a  nature  that  many  of  them 
cannot  be  delegated  to  my  associates  and  I  cannot  be  away  for  long 
periods. 

I  intended  to  visit  you  again  this  summer  but  have  been  unable 
to  get  away  from  unusual  duties  which  have  necessitated  constant 
attention  during  the  summer. 

Your  Christian  brethren  in  America  do  not  mean  to  intrude  upon 
the  consciences  of  their  brothers  in  Europe,  and  we  too  realize  that 
only  justice  can  bring  permanent  peace. 

We  do,  of  course,  sometimes  ask  whether  or  not  it  might  be 
possible  to  secure  justice  without  further  bloodshed,  and  pray  for  the 
day  when  it  may  cease. 

You  understand,  of  course,  that  the  Federal  Council  is  a  repre- 
sentative body  including  German,  English,  French,  Italian,  and  other 
churches  and  that  its  churches  include  people  connected  with  all  the 
warring  nations. 

Therefore,  all  we  can  do  is  to  hope  and  pray  for  reconciliation 
and  ultimate  justice.  Meanwhile  we  try  to  express  our  sympathy  and 
good-will  to  all  those  at  least  who  are  innocent. 

I  think  that  on  my  return  home  I  made  the  situation  fairly  clear 
to  the  American  churches,  and  as  the  result  of  my  report  we  decided 
that  the  best  thing  we  could  do  was  to  redouble  our  gifts  for  the 
innocent  suffering  in  Europe  and  Asia. 

Your  delegate.  Pastor  Stuart  L.  Roussel,  made  a  fine  impression 
on  our  people  and  we  are  now  trying  to  follow  up  the  effects  of  his 
ministry  here. 

It  is  a  great  pleasure  to  send  you  these  remittances  of  money  from 
time  to  time  and  we  hope  to  continue  to  do  so  awhile  longer. 

I  have  received,  on  behalf  of  the  churches,  with  great  joy,  your 
message  from  the  Commission  Permanente  and  the  Synode  Nationale, 

We  wish  we  could  have  done  more  for  Pastor  Roussel,  but  our 
ordinary  people  have  been  confused  with  so  many  appeals  from 
Belgium,  Serbia,  Armenia,  Syria,  and  other  suffering  countries  that  it 
was  hard  to  secure  an  adequate  hearing  for  your  delegate.    Just  now 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  223 

we  are  also  embarrassed  because  we  have  so  many  causes  and  funds 
for  which  we  are  securing  money.  Of  course,  the  appeals  for  physical 
suffering  meet  a  quicker  response  than  those  for  the  churches. 

I  have  read  with  deep  interest  the  report  of  your  work,  and  I 
am  preparing  a  digest  of  it  to  send  to  both  the  religious  and  secular 
press  of  our  country. 

We  have  consulted  with  your  representative,  Mr.  Robert  J.  Rendall, 
and  he  has  approved  all  our  procedure. 

Of  one  thing  I  am  sure: — We  are  bringing  our  Christian  hearts 
and  our  Christian  churches  closer  together  in  these  days  of  suffering. 

Wishing  you  and  your  associates,  my  dear  brother,  in  behalf  of  the 
Churches  of  Christ  in  America,  grace,  mercy  and  peace,  I  am 

Yours  faithfully, 

Charles  S.  Macfarland, 

General  Secretary, 


Eglise  Reformee  de  France 
Union  Nationale  Des  Eglises  Reformees  Evangeliques  De  France 

Commission  .  Permanente 
Jules  Pfender,  Pasteur,  President 
Paris,  le  27  August,  1916. 
Reverend  Charles  S.  Macfarland, 

General  Secretary  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ 
in  America. 
Dear  Sir: 

Since  I  wrote  my  letter  to  you  on  the  21st,  I  duly  received  yours. 
They  add  the  most  delicate  expression  of  Christian  sympathy  for 
our  churches  to  the  bountiful  liberality  of  your  people  towards  us.    1 
am  deeply  touched  by  it  and  send  you  my  most  hearty  thanks. 

Your  efforts  and  your  letters  filled  with  Christian  affection  will 
touch  all  the  members  of  the  Standing  Board  {Commission  perman- 
ente), as  well  as  our  churches.    Once  more,  thank  you. 

The  Council  of  the  Protestant  Federation  of  France  has  not 
published  any  report.  It  is  composed  of  ten  members,  nearly  all 
very  busy.  We  are  poor  and  have  no  offices  or  employees  as  the 
English  and  American  churches  have.  That  explains  how  my  corre- 
spondence is  often  delayed  and  how  we  have  so  few  documents. 

As  soon  as  I  get  them  from  the  printer,  I  will  send  you  the  Acts  of 
our  National  Synod  and  some  papers  of  the  Protestant  Committee  for 
French  propaganda  in  the  neutral  countries. 

Please  God,  I  will  send  you  in  the  future  more  frequently  news  of 
our  churches.    I  would  also  like  to  engage  some  Christian?  in  Paris, 


224  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Le  Havre,  Bordeaux,  Marseilles,  to  welcome  our  American  friends 
who  come  over  to  visit  us. 
I  am  yours  very  sincerely, 

(Signed)       Jules  Pfender 


Eglise  Reformee  de  France 
Union  Nationale  Des  Eglises  Reformees  Evangeliques  De  France 

Commission  Permanente 
Jules  Pfender,  Pasteur,  President 
Paris,  le  27  August,  1916. 
Reverend  Charles  S.  Macfarland, 

General  Secretary  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ 
in  America. 
My  Dear  Brother: 

You  have  issued  to  all  the  churches  of  your  great  federation  an 
appeal  in  favor  of  the  many  victims  of  this  awful  war,  which  has  now 
lasted  for  over  two  years. 

You  have  already  remitted  to  the  National  Union  of  the  Evangelical 
Reformed  Churches  of  France  many  thousand  francs  from  the  result 
of  this  appeal. 

In  the  name  of  our  churches  I  thank  you,  I  thank  the  Federal 
Council,  I  thank  the  Christians  of  America  and  pray  the  Divine  Head 
of  the  Church  Universal  to  bestow  his  most  precious  blessings,  both 
spiritual  and  temporal,  on  the  Federation,  on  the  distinguished  ser- 
vants of  Christ  at  the  head  of  the  same  and  on  all  the  churches 
and  pastors  who  belong  to  it. 

I  sent  you  last  month  a  few  details  concerning  the  life  and  activity 
of  our  churches  during  the  present  trial.  Allow  me  now  to  speak  to 
you  about  the  future  and  to  tell  you  what  are  to-day  our  preoccupa- 
tions and  our  hopes. 

1.  Our  first  duty  is  to  humble  ourselves  before  the  Lord,  both 
on  our  own  behalf  and  on  that  of  the  country,  to  repent  for  our 
unfaithfulness  and  our  lukewarmness  and  to  concentrate  our  whole 
effort  on  the  awakening  of  faith,  the  regeneration  of  hearts,  and  the 
sanctification  of  lives  in  our  churches;  to  give  more  life  and  warmth 
to  our  religious  services,  and  especially  to  rebuild  the  family  altar  and 
revive  the  family  prayers. 

2.  Our  soldiers,  when,  fresh  from  the  battlefield,  where  they  have 
done  their  duty  so  bravely,  they  have  returned  to  us  still  overflowing 
with  the  heroic  spirit  in  which  they  have  lived  so  long,  strengthened 
in  their  faith  or  perhaps  having  for  the  first  time  made  a  personal 
experience  of  Christ,  must  be  especially  cared  for  by  the  churches. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  225 

The  church  must  welcome  them,  encourage  them,  keep  them,  and  she 
also  will  have  much  to  learn  from  them,  from  their  experience  in  the 
fight,  in  danger,  in  pain. 

3.  The  activity  of  laymen  has  fortunately  received  a  great  impetus 
during  the  war,  when  so  many  of  our  pastors  were  away  at  the  front. 
Spiritual  gifts  have  been  developed  in  our  church  officers,  among  the 
women  as  well  and  among  our  young  girls,  and  that  in  all  directions: 
leadership  in  public  worship,  instruction  of  the  young,  visiting  of  the 
sick  and  bereaved,  management  of  church  affairs.  These  gifts  and 
these  activities  must  be  acknowledged,  followed  up,  and  organized  in 
a  permanent  way. 

4.  The  Young  Men's  and  Young  Women's  Christian  Association, 
the  Christian  Endeavor  Society,  the  fraternities,  the  moral  and  social 
undertakings  among  us  must  be  coordinated,  consolidated,  and  multi- 
plied, so  that  our  churches  may  become  indeed  families  full  of  brotherly 
love,  hives  of  industry,  bodies  of  living  witnesses  for  Christ. 

5.  The  number  of  our  ministers,  which  for  several  years  has 
already  been  decreasing,  will  further  decrease.  Thousands  of  our 
young  men  will  have  fallen  in  the  fight.  The  cost  of  life  has  increased 
beyond  measure.  On  all  sides  careers  are  open  to  the  ambitions  of 
the  young,  which  are  both  honorable  and  profitable.  We  will  be  com- 
pelled, in  order  to  recruit  our  pastorate,  to  increase  the  scale  of 
salaries  which  provide  at  present  in  our  country  churches  a  yearly 
salary  of  barely  $350  and  a  house. 

6.  The  want  of  men  will  compel  us  to  unite  two  or  three  parishes 
into  one,  so  that  our  pastors  will  have — with  the  help  of  a  motor  car,-^ 
to  visit  as  many  as  twelve  or  fifteen  villages. 

7.  We  are  studying  the  organization  of  some  form  of  female 
ministry  in  our  churches,  and  that  especially  in  isolated  villages: 
women  and  young  girls  will  no  doubt  be  appointed  to  work  simul- 
taneously as  missionaries,  teachers,  and  deaconesses. 

8.  We  desire — if  the  financial  means  are  forthcoming — ^to  do 
much  more  than  in  the  past  for  the  evangelization  of  France,  in  order 
to  make  known  to  the  masses  of  our  people,  who  still  halt  between 
superstition,  infidelity,  and  ignorance,  the  gospel  of  salvation  by  grace, 
through  faith  in  the  Son  of  God,  who  died  because  of  our  sins  and 
rose  because  of  our  justification. 

9.  The  wish  has  been  expressed  in  our  general  assembly  that 
our  evangelical  church  should  exert  an  influence  both  stronger  and 
more  direct  on  our  national  life,  on  public  opinion  and  on  the  govern- 
ment. We  will  during  the  course  of  next  winter  consider  what  use 
we  can  make  of  the  press  for  this  purpose. 


226  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

10.  Last  but  not  least,  we  wish  to  make  tighter  the  bonds  which 
unite  us  to  the  other  sections  of  the  French  Protestants.  Our 
National  Union  comprises  about  half  of  their  number,  the  other  half 
belonging  to  the  so-called  "liberal"  Reformed  Church,  to  the  Lutheran 
Church,  to  the  Independent,  the  Methodist,  the  Baptist,  and  the  Con- 
gregational Churches.  The  first  four  of  these  churches,  together 
with  our  own,  are  grouped  into  a  Protestant  Federation,  the  Board 
of  which  had  the  pleasure  to  receive  and  welcome  the  Reverend 
Doctor  Macfarland. 

We  desire  to  increase  the  authority  and  activity  of  this  Federation 
without  any  compromise  in  doctrine  or  impairment  of  the  activity  of 
the  several  groups. 

This  is  the  program  of  our  wishes,  of  our  ambitions.  I  could 
mention  other  wishes  and  other  ambitions,  but  even  within  these  limits, 
what  care,  what  efforts,  what  perseverance  will  be  needed  and  how 
many  resources  of  all  kinds!  We  are  barely  a  million  of  Protestants 
among  a  population  of  forty  millions,  leaving  out  of  count  our  colonies 
and  distant  missionary  fields.  Half  of  this  million  is  sunk  in  religious 
indifferences;  a  quarter  of  a  million  constitutes  in  some  way  or  other 
the  spiritual  forces  of  French  Protestantism.  The  National  Union 
of  the  Evangelical  Reformed  Churches  of  France  has  a  membership 
of  200,000  and  a  field  of  action  of  400,000  people  of  Protestant  de- 
scent, scattered  through  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  country,  many 
of  whom  live  as  members  of  families  where  some  are  Protestant, 
others  Catholic,  and  others  freethinkers, — while  in  some  cases,  a  lonely 
Protestant  is  the  only  representative  of  his  faith  in  his  village  or 
family. 

The  field  is  enormous,  the  work  to  be  accomplished  is  grand.  The 
spirit  of  our  Huguenot  forefathers  is  not  extinct  in  our  generation, 
and  the  Spirit  of  God  bloweth  wherever  it  listeth.  Yet  the  task  is 
superhuman,  and  while  facing  it,  we  rejoice  that  we  can  find  both 
courage  and  faith  in  brotherly  communion  with  the  Christians  of  other 
lands  and  especially  with  those  belonging  to  the  churches  of  Christ 
in  America. 

Accept,  dear  brother,  together  with  our  renewed  thanks  for  your 
Christian  and  generous  sympathy,  the  expression  of  our  brotherly 
devotion  in  the  love  of  our  divine  Lord  and  Savior. 

JuiES  Pfender. 

The  General  Conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  in  May,  191 6,  adopted  the  following  as  a  part  of  the 
report  of  its  Committee  on  World  Conditions: 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  227 

We  recommend:  That  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of 
Christ  in  America  be  requested  to  arrange  for  a  council  of  churches 
to  meet  at  the  time  and  place  of  the  European  peace  conference,  to 
devise  plans  for  reestablishment  of  cooperation  and  the  more  complete 
articulation  of  righteousness  and  peace  and  the  advancement  of  the 
kingdom  of  heaven  on  earth. 

We  also  recommend  that  our  membership  in  the  Federal  Council 
of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America  be  authorized  to  provide  for  a 
representation  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  such  council. 

The  general  secretary  has  recently  been  conducting  wireless 
correspondence  v^^ith  Berlin,  relative  to  the  attitude  toward  a 
league  of  nations  to  preserve  peace.  He  has  done  this  entirely 
in  his  personal  capacity,  but  it  will  be  described,  for  its  informa- 
tional value,  in  the  report  of  the  Commission  on  Peace  and 
Arbitration. 

WAR  RELIEF  MOVEMENT 

The  executive  and  administrative  committees  considered 
and  approved  the  recommendations  of  the  general  secretary 
regarding  a  movement  for  war  relief,  and  the  procedure  of 
this  movement  is  fully  recorded  in  the  reports  of  the  execu- 
tive committee  and  of  the  Commission  on  Peace  and 
Arbitration. 

The  general  secretary  undertook  personally  to  raise  a  fund 
for  the  French  Protestant  churches  of  the  Union  Nationale 
des  Eglises  Reformees  Evangeliques  de  France,  and  up  to 
date  about  $85,000  has  been  forwarded  to  the  Union  Nationale. 

The  administrative  committee  has  also  appointed  a  com- 
mittee entitled  "The  American  Huguenot  Committee"  to  secure 
support  for  the  Franco-Belgian  Evangelization  Society,  whose 
delegate.  Dr.  Henri  Anet  of  Belgium,  now  shares  our  offices. 

In  this  connection,  I  must  express  the  gratification  and 
appreciation  at  the  visit  of  Pastor  Stuart  L.  Roussel,  the 
delegate  of  the  Union  Nationale  des  Eglises  Reformees 
Evangeliques  de  France,  for  several  months. 

The  general  nature  of  this  movement  is  indicated  by  the 
following  memorial  presented  to  the  President  by  a  committee 
consisting  of  President  Mathews,  Dr.  Grose,  Dr.  Carrol!,  the 
Washington  advisory  members,  and  the  general  secretary: 


228  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

April  26,  1916. 
The  President, 
White  House, 
Washington,  D.  C. 
Sir: 

At  a  special  meeting  of  the  executive  committee  consisting  of  the 
official  representatives  of  the  thirty  constituent  bodies  of  the  Federal 
Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America,  held  on  April  19,  the 
following  action  was  taken : 

Preamble, 

Inasmuch  as  the  conditions  of  suffering  and  need  in  the  nations 
directly  affected  by  the  war  in  Europe  and  Asia  are  appalling  beyond 
description,  and  are  not  known  to  the  masses  of  our  people,  who  have 
not  been  sufficiently  informed  concerning  the  facts  to  inspire  them 
to  interest  or  action;  and  since  the  inability  of  the  nations,  strained 
as  they  are,  to  meet  these  needs,  constitutes  an  urgent  appeal  to  the 
neutral  nations  and  especially  to  the  people  of  the  United  States, 
to  use  their  utmost  endeavors  to  bring  relief  whenever  possible  to  all 
who  suffer;  therefore 

Resolved,  That  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in 
America,  while  recognizing  the  various  relief  organizations  already 
at  work  and  having  no  purpose  save  that  of  cooperation,  believes 
that  the  time  has  come  for  a  relief  movement  of  such  magnitude  as 
shall  fittingly  recognize  the  obligation  of  Christianity  to  respond  to 
all  human  need  and  emphasize  to  all  the  world  the  moral  and  spiritual 
consciousness  and  the  Christian  and  philanthropic  spirit  of  the  Ameri- 
can people. 

1.  That  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America 
initiate  a  nation-wide  movement  for  the  relief  of  suffering  in  Europe 
and  Asia  growing  out  of  conditions  created  by  the  war. 

2.  That  the  movement  shall  be  under  the  leadership  and  inspira- 
tion of  the  churches,  a  preeminently  religious  appeal  to  the  people 
through  the  churches  and  religious  orders  and  organizations,  endeavor- 
ing to  arouse  among  all  classes  the  sentiment  of  personal  self-sacrifice. 

3.  That  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America 
suggest  for  the  inauguration  of  the  movement  the  week  preceding 
Memorial  Sunday  for  the  solicitation  of  funds  for  the  suffering  people 
of  Europe  and  Asia;  that  the  President  of  the  United  States  be  re- 
quested to  invite  all  the  churches  and  religious  organizations  of  the 
United  States  to  set  apart  Memorial  Sunday,  May  28,  1916,  for  the  con- 
sideration of  the  wide-spread  sorrows  of  the  peoples  and  for  most 
generous  contributions  to  relieve  the  suffering;  and  that  a  delegation 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  229 

be  appointed  to  present  in  person  this  proposal  to  the  President  of  the 
United  States. 

4.  That  the  movement  be  unrestricted  in  its  appeal  both  in  re- 
spect to  the  securing  of  funds  and  in  the  distribution  of  relief  and 
that  when  individuals,  churches,  and  other  organizations  desire,  they 
may  designate  their  preference  for  the  use  of  funds. 

5.  That  the  administration  hereafter  to  be  appointed  shall  follow 
up  these  initial  appeals  so  long  as  necessity  may  exist  or  until  the 
executive  committee  shall   otherwise  order. 

The  president  of  the  Federal  Council,  the  general  secretary,  and 
the  chairman  of  the  executive  committee,  with  others  to  be  associated 
with  them,  were  appointed  as  the  delegation  to  wait  upon  the  President 
of  the  United  States. 

We  therefore  hereby  convey  to  3'ou  in  behalf  of  the  Federal 
Council  and  its  constituent  bodies  this  important  memorial,  believing 
that  this  movement,  while  appropriately  initiated  by  the  churches, 
should  through  your  cooperation  become  a  nation-wide  movement 
reaching  all  the  people. 

Respectfully  yours, 
(Signed)     Shailer  Mathews, 

President, 
(Signed)    Frank  Mason  North, 
Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee. 
Charles   S.   Macfarland, 

General  Secretary. 

Many  messages  have  been  issued,  of  which  the  following 
is  an  example: 

To  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America: 

In  response  to  the  proclamation  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States  appointing  Saturday  and  Sunday,  October  21  and  22,  as  days 
for  the  relief  of  the  suffering  Armenian  and  Syrian  peoples,  the 
Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America  earnestly  urges 
upon  all  of  the  churches  of  the  thirty  constituent  bodies  of  the  Federal 
Council,  and  upon  all  Christian  people,  that  Sunday,  October  22,  be 
set  apart  for  earnest  intercession  in  behalf  of  our  brethren  of  these 
races. 

The  Federal  Council  will  send  to  all  the  pastors  of  its  con- 
stituency full  informational  material  for  use  in  presenting  this  great 
cause  to  the  people  and  recommends  that  contributions  at  all  the 
services  on  this  day  be  secured  for  distribution  through  the  American 
Committee  for  Armenian  and  Syrian  Relief. 


230  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

In  the  name  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in 
America. 

Shailer  Mathews, 

President 
Charles  S.  Macfarland, 

General  Secretary 

A  considerable  number  of  such  messages  have  been  sent 
out  to  the  churches  and  to  the  people  in  connection  with  the 
war  relief  movement^  which  will  be  set  forth  in  full  in  the 
report  of  the  Commission  on  Peace  and  Arbitration. 

Other  similar  communications  and  pronouncements  will  be 
contained  in  the.  reports  of  that  commission,  the  Commission 
on  Relations  with  Japan  and  other  commissions. 

The  following  petitions  and  proclamations  have  been  more 
recently  issued: 

"The  President  of  the  United  States  in  his  Thanksgiving  Proclama- 
tion has  asked  the  American  people  to  remember  with  love,  sympathy, 
and  compassionate  liberality  the  peoples  of  Europe  and  Asia. 

"The  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America  deems 
it  appropriate  to  issue  an  accordant  message  to  the  churches  and 
Christian  people,  urging  that,  at  the  services  on  that  day  and  on 
the  previous  or  following  Sunday,  offerings  be  received  out  of  our 
unusually  abundant  prosperity,  to  meet  the  appalling  and  increasing 
distress  of  our  brothers  and  sisters  in  measureless  adversity. 

"We  believe  that  we  could  make  no  more  acceptable  expression 
of  our  thanks  to  Almighty  God,  the  Father  of  all,  for  another  year  of 
national  well-being. 

"The  suffering  caused  by  the  war  is  without  precedent,  and  hence 
the  Federal  Council  feels  that  every  spiritual  persuasion  should  be 
brought  to  bear,  and  every  practical  opportunity  presented  whereby 
our  people  may  offer  up  their  sacrifices  upon  this  altar  and  help  our 
brothers  to  bear  their  crosses." 

The  executive  committees  of  the  cooperating  war  relief 
organizations  have  requested  the  Council  to  send  out  to  all 
the  churches  a  Christmas  message  in  their  behalf,  and  this 
message  will  be  sent  out  while  the  Council  is  meeting  in 
St.  Louis. 

The  general  secretary  has  recently  been  maintaining  fre- 
quent correspondence  with  Christian  leaders  in  the  belligerent 
countries,  not  only  by  letter,  but  also  by  cable  to  the  allied 
countries  and  by  wireless  to  Christian  leaders  in  Berlin. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  231 

Recent  messages  and  letters  from  Europe  express  the 
deepest  sense  of  gratitude  for  our  war  relief  movement. 

Mr.  Rankin  is  now  engaged  in  negotiations  with  the  various 
relief  organizations  in  the  interest  of  an  increasingly  effective 
movement  for  the  next  six  months. 

QUADRI-CENTENNIAL  COMMITTEE  OF  THE 
PROTESTANT  REFORMATION 

The  committees  of  the  various  denominational  bodies  have 
oeen  brought  together  and  have  appointed  an  executive  com- 
mittee which  will  report  directly  to  the  Council. 

CONGRESS  ON  CHRISTIAN  WORK  AT  PANAMA 

Almost  immediately  upon  my  return  from  Europe  in  1916 
I  went  to  Panama  to  attend  the  Congress  on  Christian  Work 
in  Latin  America  as  a  member  of  its  Commission  on  Coopera- 
tion and  Unity.  The  witness  of  this  great  body  of  leaders  and 
the  findings  which  they  adopted,  and  the  arrangements  made 
for  the  continuation  of  their  work  presented  many  gratifying 
evidences  of  the  increase  of  the  spirit  and  effectiveness  of 
Christian  cooperation. 

NATIONAL  OFFICES  OF  THE  COUNCIL 

The  national  offices  of  the  Council  now  consist  of  a  series 
of  office  rooms  in  the  United  Charities  Building,  New  York, 
occupying  the  larger  part  of  an  entire  floor  of  that  building; 
two  offices  in  the  Woodward  Building,  Washington,  D.  C., 
a  branch  office  of  the  Commission  on  the  Church  and  Country 
Life  in  the  Commercial  Building,  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  official 
headquarters  of  the  Commission  on  Evangelism  in  Chicago, 
and  the  Commission  on  Temperance  in  Pittsburgh  and 
Philadelphia. 

The  secretarial  force  is  as  follows:  the  general  secretary, 
the  field  secretary,  the  secretary  of  the  Commission  on  Peace 
and  Arbitration,  the  executive  secretary  and  field  secretary 
of  the  Commission  on  Federated  Movements,  and  the  assistant 
secretary,  all  at  the  New  York  office;  an  associate  secretary 
at  the  Washington  office,  and  the  secretary  of  the  Commission 
on  Country  Life  located  at  Columbus.  All  of  the  other  com- 
missions have  only  voluntary  or  part-time  secretarial  service. 

In  this  connection  it  is  a  pleasure  to  make  mention  of  the 
helpful  personal  relations  with  my  associate,  Dr.  Carroll.     It 


232  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

was  with  great  joy  that  I  welcomed  the  association  of  Rev. 
Roy  B.  Guild  and  James  A.  Whitmore,  both  to  the  work  with 
which  they  have  been  entrusted,  and  to  their  association  with 
our  general  work,  and  I  cannot  forbear  expressing  my  deep 
personal  sense  of  satisfaction  at  this  association.  They  came 
to  us  with  a  training  and  experience  which  is  clearly 
providential.  The  more  recent  coming  of  Mr.  Stelzle  into  our 
secretarial  circle  has  brought  the  deepest  sense  of  gratification. 
The  presence  of  Dr.  Gulick  is  both  a  joy  in  companionship  and 
an  incentive  to  work,  and  Mr.  Rankin  brings  to  our  force 
great  ability  in  matters  which  had  long  suffered  for  want  of 
administrative  attention. 

With  the  denominational  secretaries  who  serve  as  the  as- 
sociate secretaries  of  the  Commission  on  the  Church  and  Social 
Service  I  have  had  conference  and  personal  relationships  which 
have  been  full  of  instruction  and  incentive.  While  my  rela- 
tionship with  the  secretaries  of  the  various  commissions  has 
not  been  so  intimate,  I  must  make  record  of  their  kind  con- 
sideration and  of  the  service  which  they  have  gratuitously 
rendered.  For  about  two  years  Rev.  Edward  M.  McCon- 
oughey  rendered  faithful  and  earnest  service  as  assistant 
to  the  general  secretary,  and  by  his  personal  qualities  and  his 
efficient  service  he  was  a  very  helpful  factor  during  the  time 
he  was  with  us.  He  is  now  the  successful  secretary  of  the 
Church  Federation  of  Sacramento. 

At  the  New  York  office  there  is  a  general  office  director, 
a  director  of  the  publication  and  printing  department,  an 
assistant  to  the  treasurer,  and  a  force  of  secretaries,  stenogra- 
phers, clerks,  and  assistants  numbering  at  the  present  time 
about  thirty. 

The  national  offices  have  not  adequate  room,  and  it  is 
earnestly  to  be  hoped  that  the  committee  appointed  to  make 
inquiry  and  report  regarding  an  appropriate  building  may  find 
a  speedy  opportunity  for  progress.  The  offices  in  New  York 
are  thoroughly  equipped  with  mechanical  apparatus,  and  we 
are  now  enabled  to  reach  our  entire  constituency  with  com- 
munications upon  very  short  notice.  The  correspondence  of 
the  office  is  large,  averaging  perhaps  one  hundred  letters  a 
day. 

The  Library  of  Social  Service  and  Missions  contains  about 
3,000  volumes,  and  we  receive  regularly  about  500  religious, 
social  and  labor  papers  and  magazines. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  233 

It  is  said  that  executive  ability  consists  in  securing  credit 
for  things  that  other  people  do,  and  I  am  constrained  to  admit 
that  there  is  truth  in  it.  To  our  general  office  director,  Miss 
Caroline  W.  Chase ;  to  Miss  Grace  M.  Turton,  who  has  cared 
especially  for  the  work  of  the  Commissions  on  Peace  and 
Arbitration,  Christian  Education,  and  Relations  with  Japan; 
to  Miss  Anna  M.  Anderson,  assistant  to  the  treasurer;  to 
Mr.  Stanley  T.  Anderson,  director  of  the  publication  and 
printing  department;  to  Miss  Lillian  Eberenz  of  the  Com- 
mission on  Federated  Movements,  and  to  the  staff  of  unusual 
strength  which  supports  them,  the  Council  is  deeply  indebted 
for  efficient  and  unmeasured  service. 

PUBLICATION  DEPARTMENT 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  publications  printed  and 
issued  during  the  quadrennium: 

PAMPHLETS 
Reports 

Annual  Reports  for  1913. 
Annual  Reports  for  1914. 
Annual  Reports  for  1915. 

Proceedings  of  the  Second  Quadrennial  Council  of  1912,  to  ac- 
company the  volume,  Christian  Unity  at  Work, 
Annual  Report  of  the  Home  Missions  Council,  1913. 
Annual  Report  of  the  Home  Missions  Council,  1914. 
Annual  Report  of  the  Home  Missions  Council,  1915. 

The  Federal  Council  and  the  Federative  Movement 

The  Federal  Council;  Its  Plan,  Purpose,  and  Work. 

Statement  of  Principles  of  the  Federal  Council. 

Statistics  of  the  Religious  Bodies;  Henry  K.  Carroll,  Associate 
Secretary  of  the  Federal  Council. 

A  descriptive  Directory  of  State  and  Local  Federations  of 
Churches. 

Suggestions  for  State  and  Local  Federations. 

Kinds  and  Kindliness  of  Cooperation;  by  Alfred  W.  Anthony. 

Christian  Nurture  and  Religious  Education. 

Report  of  Committee  on  Correspondence  Regarding  Second  Quad- 
rennial. 

Report  of  Executive  Committee,  Federal  Council,  to  the  Constituent 
Bodies. 


234  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Federal  Council  to  the  Adminis- 
trative Committee  and  to  the  Preliminary  Joint  Committee 
on  Eastern  Race  Relationship. 

Cooperative  Advance  in  Home  Missions. 

Cooperation  in  the  development  of  the  Home  Field. 

How  we  work  together  in  town  and  country. 

Christian  Unity   in  Fact  and   Practise. 

Christian  Unity  through  Cooperation. 

Literature  on  Christian  Unity. 

Interchurch  Federation. 

The  Opportunity  and  Test  of  American  Christianity. 

A  Second  Message  to  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America,  to  the 
Sunday  Schools,  and  through  the  Churches,  to  the  American 
People. 

The  Huguenot  Churches  of  France  to  the  Churches  of  Christ  in 
America  and  to  the  Christian  People  of  America. 

The  Proclamation  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  of 
America  to  the  American  People  and  The  Message  of  the 
Federal  Council  to  the  Churches  and  Christians  of  America. 

A  Christmas  Message. 

The  Federal  Council ;  its  organization  and  work. 
Commissions  on  the  Church  and  Social  Service  and  the  Church 

AND  Country  Life 

What  Every  Church  Should  Klnow  About  Its  Community. 

Social  Service  for  Young  People. 

Continuous  Toil  and  Continuous  Toilers,  or  One  Day  in  Seven 
for  Industrial  Workers. 

The  Church  and  Modern  Industry. 

The  Church's  Appeal  in  Behalf  of  Labor. 

A  Plan  of  Social  Work  for  the  United  Churches. 

Social  Service  Catechism. 

Platform  of  Social  Principles. 

The  South  Bethlehem  Industrial  Investigation. 

The  Muscatine   Industrial  Investigation. 

Report  on  Industrial  Situation  Revealed  by  the  Lawrence  Strike. 

The  Church  and  Industrial  Warfare,  being  a  report  on  the 
Colorado  and  Michigan  Strikes. 

Reading  Lists  on  Social  Questions. 

Bibliography,  the  study  of  social  and  industrial  questions. 

Social  Studies  for  Adult  Classes. 

Suggestions  for  Labor  Sunday. 

liRbor  Sunday  Program. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  235 

The  Open  Forum ;  by  William  Horton  Foster. 

Save  our  Soldiers  and  Sailors. 

Motion  Pictures  in  Religious  and  Educational  Work. 
Commission  on  Federated  Movements 

Christian  Conquests  Through  Interchurch  Activities. 

World  Needs  a  Church  Heartily  One;  by  William  P.  Merrill. 

Possible  Advance  Movement  in  Christian  Cooperation. 

Cooperation  of  Churches  for  Christian  Conquest. 
Commission  on  Peace  and  Arbitration 

The  American-Japanese  Problem;  by  Sidney  L.  Gulick. 

The  Churches  of  Christ  in  America  and  International  Peace;  by 
Charles  S.  Macfarland. 

Europe's  War — America's  Warning;  by  Charies  t>.  Macfarland. 

Report  of  the  Christian  Embassy  to  Japan. 

The  Friendship  of  America  for  Japan. 

A  Hundred  Years  of  Peace. 

The  Churches  and  International  Friendship. 

The  Delusion  of  Militarism ;  by  Charles  E.  Jefferson. 

The  Responsibility  of  Pastors  and  all  Educators  in  the  Solution 
of  America's  Oriental  Problem;  by  Sidney  L.  Gulick. 

New  Immigration  Policy — Abstract  of  Address;  by  Sidney  L. 
Gulick. 

Hints  for  the  Study  of  "The  Fight  for  Peace." 

New  Oriental  Pohcy;  by  Sidney  L.  Gulick. 

A  New  Immigration  Policy  and  The  American  Japanese  Problem; 
by  Sidney  L.  Gulick. 

The  Japanese  Problem;  by  Sidney  L.  Gulick. 

The  Pacific  Coast  and  The  New  Oriental  Policy;  by  Sidney  L. 
Gulick. 

Asia's  Appeal  to  America;  by  Sidney  L.  Gulick. 

A  Comprehensive  Immigration  Policy  and  Program;  by  Sidney  L. 
Gulick. 

America's  Asiatic  Problem  in  a  Nut  Shell. 

Zaibei  Nihonjin  ni  tai  suru  Beikokujin  no  Taigu  (American  Treat- 
ment of  Japanese  in  America.) 

Report  of  Secretary  of  the  Federal  Council  to  the  Administrative 
Committee  and  to  the  Preliminary  Joint  Committee  on  Eastern 
Race  Relationships,  March  12,  1914 — Charles  S.  Macfarland. 

America's  Japanese  Problem. 

Hawaii's  American  Japanese  Problem. 

A  Manual  for  Peacemakers*  Committees. 


2»  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Also  a  large  number  of  pamphlets  jointly  by  the  World  Alliance 
and  the  Federal  Council  Commission. 
Commission  on  Christian  Education 

Lesson   Courses   on  International   Peace   and   Good-will   for  the 
Churches,  1915. 

Outline  Courses  on  International  Peace. 

Conference  of  Representatives  of  Theological  Seminaries. 
Commission  on  Evangelism 

Evangelistic  Work  in  the  Churches  of  America. 

Advance  Steps  in  Evangelism. 

The  Commission  on  Evangelism. 

Call  to  Prayer  for  a  World-wide  Revival. 

Religious  Work  at  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposition. 

Congresses,  Conventions,  and  Conferences  of  Religious  Bodies  and 
of  Social  Movements  at  the  Panama  Pacific  Exposition- 
Commission  on  Temperance 

Campaign  of  the  National  Temperance  Union. 

Safety  First;  Temperance  Facts  and  Thoughts. 

VOLUMES 
Issued  by  the  Federal  Council 

Origin  and  History  of  the  Federal  Council    By  E.  B.  Sanford. 

Christian  Unity  at  Work — 4th  Edition.  The  Second  Council,  of 
1912.  A  Record  of  the  Federative  Movement  for  four  years.  Edited 
by  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  General  Secretary  of  the  Federal  Council 

The  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches.  The  Record  of  the  First 
Council  at  Philadelphia,  1908.  Edited  by  Elias  B.  Sanford,  Honorary; 
Secretary. 

Church  Federation.  The  Story  of  Interchurch  Federation  at  Car- 
negie Hall,  New  York,  in  1905 ;  an  Initial  and  Preparatory  Session  of 
the  Federal  Council.    Edited  by  Elias  B.  Sanford. 

The  Churches  of  the  Federal  Council:  Their  History,  Organization 
and  Distinctive   Characteristics.     Edited  by  Charles   S.   Macfarland. 

The  Country  Church — The  Decline  of  its  Influence  and  the  Remedy. 
The  result  of  an  investigation  by  Charles  O.  Gill  and  Gifford  Pinchot, 
of  the  Commission  on  The  Church  and  Country  Life. 

The  Church  and  Country  Life.    Edited  by  Prof.  Paul  L.  Vogt. 

A  Yearbook  of  the  Church  and  Social  Service.  Compiled  by  Harry 
F.  Ward,  Associate  Secretary  of  the  Commission  on  the  Church  and 
Social  Service. 

The  Federal  Council  Year  Book.    Prepared  by  Henry  K.  Carroll. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  237 

Spiritual  Culture  and  Social  Service — Ath  Edition.  By  Charles  S. 
Macfarland. 

A  Social  Survey  for  Rural  Communities,    By  G.  Frederick  Wells. 

Motion  Pictures  in  Religious  and  Educational  Work,  with  Practical 
Suggestions  for  their  Use.    By  Edward  M.  McConoughey. 

The  Fight  for  Peace,  an  Aggressive  Campaign  for  American 
Churches.  By  Sidney  L.  Gulick,  Secretary  of  the  Federal  Council  Com- 
mission on  Peace  and  Arbitration. 

Selected  Quotations  on  Peace  and  War,  a  source-book  for  the  use 
of  Sunday-school  teachers  in  connection  with  the  Lessons  on  Inter- 
national Peace,  prepared  by  the  Federal  Council  Commission  on  Chris- 
tian Education. 

The  Japanese  Problem  in  the  United  States,  prepared  by  Prof.  H. 
A.  Millis  for  the  Commission  on  Relations  with  Japan. 

Report  of  the  Committee  of  One  Hundred.  Religious  Activi<ies 
at  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposition. 

VOLUMES  ESPECIALLY  RECOMMENDED  AND 
DISTRIBUTED 

The  Social  Creed  of  the  Churches.    By  Harry  F.  Ward. 

Christian  Service  and  the  Modern  World.  By  Charles  S.  Mac- 
farland. 

The  Christian  Ministry  and  the  Social  Order.  Edited  by  Charles  S. 
Macfarland. 

The  Industrial  Situation.    By  Frank  Tracy  Carlton. 

The  Gospel  of  Labor.    By  Charles  Stelzle. 

America  and  the  Orient,  Outline  of  a  Constructive  Policy.  By 
Sidney  L.  Gulick. 

Some  idea  of  the  work  of  the  publication  department  may 
be  gained  from  the  following  figures :  during  the  quadrennium 
the  department  has  distributed  over  4,ocx),ooo  volumes  and 
pamphlets. 

THE  PRINTING  DEPARTMENT 

Some  idea  of  the  work  of  the  printing  and  multigraphmg 
department  may  be  gained  from  these  figures:  the  average 
has  been  about  225,000  letters  a  year  for  the  Federal  Council 
and  about  500,000  letters  a  year  for  cooperating  bodies;  a 
total  of  about  775,000  per  year.  About  2,000,000  pamphlets 
and  leaflets  were  sent  out  of  the  shop  during  1916. 
Letters  multigraphed  for 


338 


THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 


Federal  Council 

Cooperating  Bodies 

I9I3 

100,373 

I9I4 

237,875 

275,810 

I9I5 

213,686 

506,589 

I9I6 

225,820 

602,381 

Total 

777754 

1,384,780 

Pamphlets  and  leaflets  sent  out  for 

Federal  Council 

Cooperating  Bodies 

1913 

195,671 

1914 

398,115 

783,575 

1915 

481,185 

504,500 

1916 

1,079,059 

822,350 

Total  2,154,030  2,110,425 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PUBLICITY 

Our  press  service  has  had  a  normal  development  and  has 
been  mainly  news  service  relative  to  the  Federal  Council  and 
its  various  departments,  although  from  time  to  time  we  have 
sent  out  to  the  religious  press  news  material  relative  to  general 
matters  of  interest. 

Some  of  the  religious  papers  are  able  to  give  considerable 
space  to  such  news,  but  a  large  proportion  of  them  appear  to 
be  overcrowded  with  strictly  denominational  matter.  On  the 
whole,  our  publicity  is  larger  through  the  Associated  Press 
and  through  the  1,500  leading  daily  papers  on  our  press  list 
than  it  is  through  the  religious  press.  Many  of  the  religious 
papers  print  practically  no  interdenominational  or  general 
religious  news  whatever.  There  is  need  of  some  effective  way 
of  reaching  the  pastors  and  churches  with  such  matters  as, 
for  example,  the  Week  of  Prayer  topics,  the  Armenian  situa- 
tion, and  the  moral  conditions  of  the  Exposition. 

We  have,  therefore,  been  obliged,  whenever  we  needed  to 
make  sure  of  reaching  pastors,  to  send  them  a  letter  which  has 
to  be  done  at  the  cost  of  several  thousand  dollars  each  time. 

Mr.  Stelzle  and  Mr.  Rankin  have  brought  great  help 
toward  the  solution  of  this  problem. 

SECRETARIAL,   FIELD,  AND  CONFERENCE  WORK 

In  his  annual  reports  to  the  executive  committee,  the  gen- 
eral secretary  has  set  forth  this  part  of  his  service  somewhat 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  239 

fully,  because  to  do  so  gave  some  indication  of  the  value  of 
the  Council  to  such  agencies  as  appropriately  cooperate  with 
it. 

The  general  secretary  spends  a  great  deal  of  time  attending 
committee  meetings  and  conferences  and  attending  hearings 
on  important  matters  as  the  distinctive  representative  of  the 
Protestant  church  forces.  At  the  present  time  he  serves  either 
as  a  member  or  as  a  director  upon  about  seventy-five  com- 
mittees outside  the  Council.  He  also  serves  on  the  lecture  staff 
of  several  educational  and  other  institutions. 

It  may  be  worth  noting  that  during  the  quadrennium  the 
general  secretary  has  been  called  upon  to  attend  about  250 
conferences,  congresses,  and  other  meetings  outside  those  of 
the  Council  itself,  at  which  he  has  delivered  about  225  ad- 
dresses. During  the  Quadrennium  he  has  been  in  every  state 
of  the  Union  except  four,  in  addition  to  attending  conferences 
in  Canada,  Europe,  Cuba,  and  Panama. 

THE  TREASURER'S  DEPARTMENT 

The  general  secretar}'  has  assumed  the  main  responsibility 
for  securing  financial  resources  needed  over  and  above  the 
denominational  apportionments. 

It  is  a  pleasure  to  report  that  the  deficit  with  which  we 
began  the  quadrennium  has  been  entirely  disposed  of,  and 
although  we  have  multiplied  our  budget  to  about  five  times 
what  it  was  four  years  ago,  we  shall  close  the  quadrennium 
free  from  debt  and  with  a  small  contingent  fund  on  hand. 

I  believe  that  our  expenses  are  near  the  minimum.  This 
is  brought  about  by  cooperative  arrangements  between  the 
Federal  Council  proper  and  those  commissions  which  are  under 
the  administration  of  the  general  secretary  or  associated 
directly  with  the  national  office.  So  far  as  these  departments 
are  concerned,  there  is,  I  believe,  no  duplication  and  no  super- 
fluous expense.  Because  of  the  unselfish  service  continued  by 
our  treasurer,  Alfred  R.  Kimball,  we  are  able  to  carry  on  our 
work  satisfactorily  without  any  salaried  financial  officer,  and 
the  total  administrative  expense  of  our  financial  department, 
including  several  of  the  commissions,  is  about  $500  a  year. 

Undoubtedly,  larger  funds  could  be  secured  for  the  more 
rapid  development  of  our  work,  should  the  general  secre- 
tary give  more  time  to  this  and  less  time  to  his  general  ad- 
ministrative duties.     He  has  followed  the  course  of  giving 


240  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

simply  enough  attention  to  this  matter  to  save  us  from  any- 
financial  embarrassment. 

CONCLUSIONS 

Among  the  most  significant  matters  set  forth  by  this  report 
are  the  remarkably  rapid  and  providential  developments  of 
our  international  relationships,  the  systematic  program  of  our 
Commission  on  Federated  Movements  for  the  development 
of  our  much  neglected  work  in  local  communities,  the  closer 
association  of  our  great  interdenominational  organizations, 
and  the  promise  of  more  progress  in  the  direction  of  adequate 
religious  publicity,  and  last  of  all  a  work  which  cannot  be  set 
forth  in  figures  or  words,  the  use  of  the  Federal  Council  and 
its  national  office  in  the  interests  of  great  movements  which 
need  to  reach  and  have  a  right  to  reach  the  churches. 

Another  thing  which  impresses  me  is  the  manner  in  which 
the  functions  of  the  Council  and  all  its  commissions  are  being 
determined,  not  so  much  by  the  formulation  of  rules  and  the 
determination  of  policy  as  by  concrete  experience  through 
effective  but  cautious  procedure.  Instead  of  an  administrative 
committee  which  attempts  to  do  everything  itself,  we  have  a 
committee  which  is  for  the  simpler  purpose  of  directing  the 
task  into  the  hands  of  those  who  may  do  it  best.  This  was 
illustrated  by  the  methods  with  regard  to  religious  activities 
at  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposition.  There  can  be  no  other 
method.  No  group  of  a  dozen  men  sitting  in  New  York  can 
undertake  to  perform  or  immediately  direct  the  rapidly  grow- 
ing united  work  of  our  evangelical  churches,  and  while  some 
misunderstanding  occasionally  arises,  I  think  it  is  becoming 
clear  that  the  Federal  Council  must  be  primarily  considered  as 
the  sum  of  all  its  parts,  and  its  various  tasks  delegated  and 
distributed. 

It  may  seem  strange  and  inconsistent  that  with  this  rapid 
growth  of  the  spirit  and  work  of  cooperation  we  should  have, 
in  some  quarters,  a  certain  amount  of  reaction  in  the  direction 
of  the  sectarian  spirit.  This,  however,  as  I  estimate  it,  is 
simply  a  natural  reaction.  I  do  not  believe  that  it  is  going  to 
embarrass  seriously  a  work  which  is  so  manifestly  guided  by 
the  spirit  of  God. 

Constant  evidence  has  been  borne  in  upon  me  as  I  witness 
the  liberal  and  unmeasured  service  of  the  leaders  of  our  de- 
nominations who  compose  the  various  committees  of  the  Fed- 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  241 

eral  Council.  They  approach  this  common  work  with  the 
splendid  spirit  of  catholicity.  They  make  a  fine  adjustment 
between  denominational  and  interdenominational  interests. 
The  correspondence  of  our  office  makes  it  clear  that  the 
churches  and  the  pastors  are  more  and  more  looking  to  the 
Federal  Council  to  express  their  common  consciousness,  and 
to  solve  some  of  the  problems  which  are  common  to  them  all. 
This  is  becoming  especially  true  of  the  correspondence  from 
rural  sections  and  other  places  where  economic  pressure  is 
serious,  ^s  we  face  the  world  situation  at  this  moment,  it  may 
be  something  in  the  nature  of  a  discovery,  to  realize  that  the 
Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America  is  the 
one  official  body  of  Christians  in  the  world  that  is  acting  to- 
gether and  in  harmony  at  this  moment.  The  conflict  in  Europe 
has  separated  all  other  bodies  of  Christians,  and  just  as  the 
nations  are  looking  to  our  nation  as  the  last  resource  for  them 
all,  so  may  the  Christian  churches  of  the  world  look  for  light 
and  leading  to  a  body  which  unites  the  forces  of  American 
Protestantism. 

We  look  out  upon  a  world  in  moral  and  spiritual  confusion, 
the  one  inclusive  religious  body  in  that  world  that  has  not  been 
rent  asunder  by  the  conflict  across  the  sea.  The  desolated 
peoples  of  Europe  will  justly  look  to  a  body  which  unites  the 
forces  of  the  American  Protestant  churches  to  assume  a  large 
responsibility  for  those  processes  of  reconstruction  which  are 
before  us.  With  more  conviction  than  I  have  been  able  to  set 
forth  in  my  statement  of  facts  regarding  our  relationship  with 
the  churches  of  Europe,  I  want  again  to  express  my  sense  of 
hope  and  increasing  confidence  that  through  this  relationship, 
initiated  by  one  of  our  commissions,  some  great  movements 
will  come  during  the  next  six  months.  I  am  not  sure  that 
stricken  Europe  is  looking  altogether  with  confidence  at  Amer- 
ica at  this  moment,  but  I  do  have  some  reason  to  believe,  as 
the  result  of  the  constant  interchange  of  messages  and  the 
authentic  information  which  I  have  received  from  time  to 
time,  that  not  only  the  religious  leaders  in  Europe  but  also 
some  of  her  statesmen  are  ready  to  look  with  confidence  to 
the  Christian  churches  of  America  and  to  believe  that  what 
international  statesmanship  and  diplomacy  could  not  and  can- 
not do,  may  be  done  by  moral  and  spiritual  forces. 

Never  since  the  Carnegie  Hall  meeting  in  1905,  has  the 
call  come  so  clearly  to  the  churches  of  America  to  unite  their 


242  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

many  for«es  into  one  mighty  force.  Reverently  and  humbly, 
with  the  sense  of  solemnity  and  the  spirit  of  hope,  I  believe 
that  we  are  moving  by  the  hand  of  God  to  do  "greater  things 
than  these." 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Charles  S.  Macfarland, 

Genial  Secretary 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  243 


REPORT  FOR  THE  WASHINGTON  OFFICE  BY  THE 
ASSOCIATE  SECRETARY 

To  the  Rev.  CMrles  S.  Macfarland,  General  Secretary, 

The  associate  secretary,  elected  by  the  executive  com- 
mittee at  its  annual  meeting  in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  in 
December,  191 3,  secured  and  furnished  suitable  rooms  for 
headquarters  in  the  Woodward  Building,  Washington,  D.  C, 
in  February,  1914.  The  administrative  committee  deemed  it 
best  that  the  work  of  the  Washington  office  should  be  gradu- 
ally developed  under  the  oversight  of  an  advisory  committee 
of  residents  at  the  national  capital  and  the  advice  and  approval 
of  the  general  secretary,  who  has  been  a  constant  source  of 
help  and  inspiration.  It  did  not,  therefore,  undertake  to  out- 
line the  duties  of  the  associate  secretary,  but  rather  left  it 
to  him  to  discover  what  channels  of  usefulness  could  be 
entered. 

Increase  of  Chaplains  in  the  Navy 

One  of  his  first  efforts  was  in  connection  with  a  movement 
for  an  increase  of  chaplains  in  the  navy  in  accordance  with 
the  program  adopted  by  the  Federal  Council  at  its  meeting 
in  Chicago  in  1912,  requesting  the  executive  committee  to 
urge  "upon  Congress  the  necessity  of  immediate  action"  to 
provide  additional  chaplains  for  the  navy.  Congress  had  been 
repeatedly  asked  to  make  more  adequate  provision  for  the 
religious  and  moral  interests  of  the  men  of  the  navy;  but  it 
had  as  often  refused  to  do  so,  the  number  of  chaplains  con- 
tinuing at  twenty-four,  according  to  the  law  of  1842.  Then 
there  were  only  about  12,000  in  the  navy ;  now  there  are  66,000, 
and  yet  a  long  and  arduous  campaign  was  necessary  to  con- 
vince our  national  legislators  that  twenty-four  chaplains  was 
a  wholly  inadequate  force  to  serve  the  religious  needs  of  men 
on  the  battleships  and  cruisers  and  in  the  marine  corps. 

At  a  hearing  given  by  the  House  committee  on  naval 
affairs,  in  February,  1914,  the  Federal  Council  was  represented 
by  Dr.  Macfarland,  by  the  associate  secretary,  and  Dr.  Rad- 


244  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

cliffe,  of  the  advisory  committee;  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church,  by  Bishops  Lawrence  and  Harding  and  Chaplain 
Bayard,  of  the  navy;  and  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  by 
Father  O'Hern,  at  the  appointment  of  Cardinal  Gibbons.  These 
representatives  united  in  asking:  i.  An  increase  of  chaplains 
in  the  Navy  so  that  there  shall  be  one  chaplain  to  every  i,ooo 
of  the  force.  2.  Establishment  of  the  grade  of  acting  chaplain. 
3.  Removal  of  discrimination  against  chaplains  in  the  matter 
of  salary.  These  provisions,  which  had  been  approved  by  the 
executive  committee  of  the  Federal  Council,  were  incorporated 
in  the  Naval  Appropriation  Bill,  as  reported  by  the  committee 
on  naval  aifairs,  except  the  third  item  which  strangely  enough 
seemed  not  to  commend  itself  either  to  the  committee  or  to 
Congress,  though  why  the  salaries  of  chaplains  on  reaching 
the  rank  of  commander  and  captain  should  be  $500  and  $1,000 
less  respectively  than  those  of  doctors,  paymasters,  etc.,  of  the 
same  grades,  has  never  been  satisfactorily  explained. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  upon  whose  initiative  the 
chaplaincy  amendment  was  drawn,  asked  for  twelve  additional 
chaplains  and  a  large  number  of  welfare  secretaries. 

The  associate  secretary,  with  the  help  of  members  of  the 
advisory  committee  and  especially  Chaplain  Bayard,  followed 
the  varying  fortunes  of  the  bill  with  the  most  assiduous  atten- 
tion. The  paragraphs,  however,  were  excluded  in  the  House 
on  a  point  of  order  that  they  were  new  legislation  in  an  appro- 
priation bill.  The  bill  as  it  passed  the  House  and  went  to  the 
Senate  contained  nothing  relating  to  chaplains. 

The  Senate  committee  on  naval  affairs  held  no  public  hear- 
ings, but  agreed  to  restore  the  chaplaincy  paragraphs  entire, 
and  they  were  duly  adopted  by  the  Senate.  The  committee  of 
conference  agreed  to  retain  them  and  so  reported.  But  these 
paragraphs,  with  many  others,  were  rejected  by  the  House, 
and  the  bill  was  sent  to  conference  again.  Finally,  however, 
the  chaplaincy  provisions  were  adopted  and  authority  given  for 
a  gradual  increase  of  the  number  of  naval  chaplains  from 
twenty-four  to  about  fifty-two,  on  the  basis  of  one  chaplain  to 
every  1,250  men. 

Thus  was  ended  with  success  an  effort  which  had  been  car- 
ried on  for  ten  years  or  more.  Various  sources  of  influence  were 
sought  in  securing  favorable  action — as  the  opposition,  though 
quiet,  was  wide-spread — letters  from  prominent  ministers  and 
laymen  to  senators  and  representatives,  resolutions  by  general 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  245 

ecclesiastical  bodies,  such  as  the  Presbyterian  and  Reformed 
General  Assemblies  and  the  General  Conference  of  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  Church,  South ;  personal  conferences  with  sena- 
tors and  representatives.  The  office  of  the  Federal  Council 
sent  out  several  thousand  letters  to  influential  men,  and  thus 
secured  important  endorsement.  Also  articles  in  the  religious 
press,  furnished  from  the  Washington  office,  editorially  sup- 
ported, and  favorable  paragraphs  in  the  daily  press  helped 
greatly  to  carry  the  legislation  through. 

President  Wilson,  after  signing  the  bill,  expressed  his 
satisfaction  with  the  increased  provision  for  the  moral  and 
religious  needs  of  the  naval  forces. 

Helping  to  Find  Candidates  for  Appointment 

So  large  an  increase  of  chaplains  evidently  called  for  the 
cooperation  of  the  churches.  The  Roman  Catholic  Church 
has  had  its  representative  in  Washington  for  years  ready  to 
supply  candidates  for  appointment  both  in  the  army  and  navy ; 
but  the  Protestant  bodies  had,  for  the  most  part,  no  one 
authorized  to  speak  or  act  for  them.  The  associate  secretary, 
as  representing  the  Federal  Council  including  thirty  different 
denominations,  was  able  to  be  of  acknowledged  service  to  the 
Navy  Department  in  securing  candidates  for  the  naval  chap- 
laincy. This  was  done  through  denominational  commissions 
on  Chaplains,  as  far  as  possible.  Some  of  the  leading  de- 
nominations had  no  such  commissions,  and  in  response  to  the 
request  of  the  associate  secretary  they  appointed  them^  as, 
for  example,  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South,  the 
Disciples  of  Christ,  and  the  Lutheran  General  Council.  He 
corresponded  with  between  400  and  500  ministers,  giving  them 
information  as  to  the  qualifications  required  for  appointment 
to  the  chaplaincy  service,  and  method  of  making  application. 

The  Washington  office  was  also  able  to  be  of  service  to  the 
War  Department  in  securing  candidates  for  chaplains  in  the 
army. 

Appointments  of  Chaplains 

Under  the  new  legislation,  increase  of  chaplains  in  the 
navy  will  be  automatic.  One  chaplain  is  required  for  every 
1,250  men.  So  far,  eighteen  acting  chaplains  have  been  ap- 
pointed since  July  i,  1914,  the  law  limiting  the  number  to 
whom  commissions  can  be  given  to  seven  in  any  one  year. 
The  acting  chaplain  serves  three  years  before  becoming  eligible 


246  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

to  permanent  appointment.  The  apportionment  among  the 
denominations  of  the  forty  chaplains  in  the  service  October 
I,  1916,  was  as  follows:  Roman  Catholic,  nine;  Episcopal, 
eight;  Methodist,  eight;  Baptist,  five;  Presbyterian,  four; 
Disciples,  two ;  and  Reformed,  Congregational,  Christian  Con- 
nection, and  Lutheran,  one  each. 

The  increase  of  chaplains  in  the  army  also  proceeds  auto- 
matically, the  law  requiring  that  there  be  one  chaplain  for 
every  regiment  of  infantry,  cavalry,  and  artillery  and  one 
for  every  1,200  men  in  the  coast  artillery  corps.  The  total 
increase  of  chaplains  for  the  army  will  be  large  but  gradual, 
as  recruiting  proceeds,  making  a  total  addition  of  from 
thirty-five  to  forty  or  more.  The  present  number  of  chaplains 
in  the  army  is  sixty-six.  Of  these  fourteen  are  Roman  Catho- 
lic ;  twelve.  Episcopal ;  twelve,  Methodist ;  eight,  Presbyterian ; 
seven.  Baptist;  four,  Congregational;  three,  Lutheran;  the 
remainder  being  distributed  among  various  denominations. 
Further  Legislation  for  Chaplains 

At  the  session  of  Congress  ending  in  September,  1916, 
further  legislation  was  considered  proposing  that  discrimina- 
tion long  practised  against  the  chaplains  be  removed  in  these 
particulars:  (i)  in  the  matter  of  pay  and  allowances  (2)  in 
the  matter  of  rank.  Hitherto  the  chaplain,  and  the  chaplain 
alone  among  all  the  officers  of  the  navy,  did  not  receive  advance 
of  salary  on  reaching  the  grades  of  commander  and  captain. 
Doctors,  paymasters,  engineers,  and  others  received  pay  and 
allowances  according  to  rank,  but  from  the  chaplain,  without 
apparent  reason,  was  withheld  $500  a  year  when  he  became 
commander  and  $1,000  when  he  became  captain.  In  the 
matter  of  rank  the  chaplain  could  not  advance  beyond  the 
grade  of  captain,  while  the  doctor  and  paymaster  could  attain 
to  the  rank  of  rear-admiral.  Secretary  Daniels  asked  Congress 
to  amend  the  law  in  both  these  particulars,  allowing  chaplains 
to  have  the  pay  of  their  rank  and  also  to  attain  to  the  grade 
of  rear-admiral.  The  churches  earnestly  supported  the  amend- 
ment relating  to  pay  as  a  matter  of  even-handed  justice,  but 
they  did  nothing  concerning  the  amendment  to  admit  chaplains 
to  the  rank  of  rear-admiral.  Both  amendments  were  adopted 
by  the  Senate  without  division,  but  only  the  pay  amendment, 
which  was  earnestly  supported  by  President  Wilson,  success- 
fully emerged  from  the  Senate  and  House  conference  com- 
mittees. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  247 

The  associate  secretary  cooperated  with  the  Commission 
of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  and  representatives  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  and  other  denominations  in  urging  the  re- 
moval of  the  discrimination  against  the  chaplains  in  the  matter 
of  pay,  a  discrimination  which  the  chaplains  have  opposed  as 
an  unnecessary  humiliation.  The  plan  of  reform  approved 
by  the  Federal  Council  and  supported  by  definite  action  taken 
by  the  Presbyterian  General  Assembly  in  the  U.  S.  A. 
(Northern),  the  Presbyterian  General  Assembly  in  the  U.  S. 
(Southern),  the  General  Conference  of  the  Methodist  Episco- 
pal Church,  South,  and  other  constituent  bodies^  has  thus  been 
carried  forward  by  the  Washington  office,  which  has  found 
several  opportunities  of  serving  the  religious,  m.oral,  and  social 
welfare  of  our  soldiers  and  sailors. 
Religious  Welfare  League  for  the  Army  and  Navy 

This  important  work  has  led  to  the  discovery  of  various 
urgent  needs :  ( i )  that  churches  should  have  closer  and  more 
sympathetic  relation  with  chaplains  representing  them;  (2) 
that  chaplains  in  the  navy  are  not  provided  with  necessary 
facilities  for  their  work;  (3)  that  changes  are  needed  in  army 
and  navy  rules  and  regulations,  to  enable  chaplains  to  work 
more  efficiently;  (4)  that  the  150,000  men  in  our  army  and 
navy  ought  to  be  in  the  thought  and  on  the  heart  of  the  church 
and  have  some  tangible  evidence  of  this  interest. 

With  a  view  to  advancing  the  interests  which  chaplains 
are  appointed  to  serve,  there  was  organized  at  Detroit,  in 
September,  1914,  the  Association  for  the  Promotion  of  the 
Moral  and  Religious  Welfare  of  Our  Soldiers  and  Sailors. 

The  second  meeting  of  this  association  was  held  in  Wash- 
ington at  the  time  of  the  encampment  of  the  Grand  Army  of 
the  Republic  in  September,  191 5.  The  association  took  under 
careful  consideration  present  conditions  under  which  chaplains 
work  in  the  army  and  navy  and  appointed  a  strong  executive! 
committee,  almost  entirely  of  residents  of  the  District  of 
Columbia,  and  empowered  it  to  take  up  and  vigorously  prose- 
cute the  work  that  needs  to  be  done.  The  chairman  of  the 
executive  committee,  on  which  seven  denominations  are  repre- 
sented, is  Bishop  Earl  Cranston,  and  the  Secretary  is  Henry 
K.  Carroll. 

The  name  of  the  body  was  changed  to  Religious  Welfare 
League  for  the  Army  and  Navy.  Under  its  auspices  the 
associate  secretary  has  gathered  much  information  as  to  the 


248  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

evil  influences  which  beset  the  soldiers  in  camp  and  barrack 
and  as  to  ways  and  means  by  which  the  work  of  the  chaplain 
can  be  extended  and  made  more  efficient. 

Incorporation  of  the  Federal  Council 
By  direction  of  the  executive  and  administrative  com- 
mittees, in  accordance  with  the  action  of  the  Federal  Council 
at  its  quadrennial  session  in  191 2,  the  associate  secretary  was 
instructed  to  secure,  if  possible,  an  act  of  incorporation  for 
the  Federal  Council  from  Congress.  A  bill  was  formulated 
with  the  help  and  advice  of  Mr.  Henry  B.  F.  Macfarland  and 
Mr.  John  B.  Larner,  corporation  lawyers  of  Washington,  and 
Mr.  Chief  Justice  Edward  K.  Campbell,  of  the  U.  S.  Court 
of  Claims.  (For  copy  of  bill  see  pages  74-5,  of  the  Annual 
Report  of  1914).  It  was  introduced  in  the  Senate  by  Senator 
White,  of  Alabama,  and  was  reported  without  amendm^ent. 
In  the  House  it  was  not  reported,  owing  to  lack  of  time  and 
pressure  for  adjournment.  It  was  introduced  in  the  Senate 
again  in  19 16  by  Senator  Underwood  and  referred  to  the 
committee  on  the  judiciary  where  it  still  remains.  In  the 
House,  it  did  not  get  out  of  the  committee  on  the  library. 
There  is  reluctance  in  both  houses  to  give  federal  incorpora- 
tion, particularly  to  religious  bodies. 

Meantime,  by  direction  of  the  administrative  committee 
incorporation  was  secured  in  Washington  in  May,  191 5,  under 
the  general  law  of  incorporation  for  the  District  of  Columbia. 
The  incorporators  held  a  meeting,  adopted  a  set  of  by-laws 
and  named  provisional  trustees  and  officers.  The  board  met 
and  organized  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  in  December,  1915 ;  but 
the  executive  committee  considered  the  incorporation  as 
tentative  and  instructed  the  administrative  committee  to  con- 
tinue its  efforts  to  secure  an  effective  charter.  The  detailed 
record  of  all  this  procedure  is  contained  in  the  Annual  Re- 
ports of  the  Executive  Committee. 

Annual  Bulletin  of  Church  Statistics 
At  the  request  of  the  administrative  committee,  the  asso- 
ciate secretary  has  continued  to  gather,  tabulate,  and  publish, 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Federal  Council,  his  annual  statisti- 
cal exhibit  of  the  numerical  strength  of  all  religious  bodies 
in  the  United  States,  begun  by  him  a  quarter  of  a  century 
ago.  These  statistics,  in  the  convenient  form  of  a  bulletin, 
are  circulated  widely  by  the  Federal  Council  without  charge. 


REPORT  OP  GENERAL  SECRETARY  249 

Advance  proofs  are  sent  not  only  to  the  religious  press  of  all 
denominations,  but  also  to  1,200  or  more  daily  newspapers. 
They  are  universally  used,  and  credit  given  to  the  Federal 
Council.  Several  religious  papers  copy  the  whole  bulletin,  and 
its  tables  find  their  way  into  year  books,  religious  and  secular. 

The  Federal  Council  Year  Book 
The  issue  of  these  statistical  bulletins  and  the  wide  demand 
for  statistical  and  other  denominational  information,  particu- 
larly of  the  constituent  bodies  of  the  Federal  Council,  have 
resulted  in  flooding  the  mails,  both  of  the  general  secretary 
and  the  associate  secretary,  with  letters  of  inquiry.  The  newer 
problems  of  the  denominations  relating  to  city  and  country 
churches,  social  service,  and  the  like,  have  increased  the 
tendency  to  interdenominational  investigation  and  study,  and 
a  Year  Book  to  serve  this  growing  movement  seemed  to  be  a 
necessity.  The  associate  secretary  was  accordingly  requested 
by  the  administrative  committee  to  prepare  such  a  publication. 
His  plan  was  approved  by  a  special  committee,  and  the  Mis- 
sionary Education  Movement  published  it  in  January,  1916. 
It  is  a  directory  of  the  Federal  Council  and  its  wide  activities, 
of  its  constituent  bodies,  and  of  other  churches,  of  interde- 
nominational organizations,  peace  societies,  etc.,  and  contains 
exhaustive  church  statistics,  including  those  of  the  home  and 
foreign  missionary  societies.  The  next  issue  will  be  more 
complete  and  will  give  additional  information,  both  statistical 
and  general,  according  to  a  wide  demand. 

Pensions  and  Pay  of  Federal  Clerks 

In  obedience  to  action  taken  by  the  executive  committee 
at  Richmond,  Virginia,  in  December,  19 14,  the  associate  secre- 
tary made  careful  investigation  into  the  questions,  ( i )  are  the 
salaries  of  government  employees  adequate;  (2)  should  super- 
annuated federal  clerks  be  retired  on  part  pay  for  the  sake  of 
the  service  and  for  their  own  sake.  He  prepared  elaborate 
reports  on  these  kindred  subjects  and  submitted  them  to  the 
Social  Service  Commission  for  its  use. 

The  Peace  Centenary  Celebration 

An  organization  was  effected  in  191 3,  under  authority 
of  the  executive  committee,  of  a  committee  for  the  celebration 
of  the  centenary  of  the  signing  of  the  Treaty  of  Peace  between 
the  United  States  and  England  at  Ghent,  Belgium,  in  Decern- 


250  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL  . 

ber,  1814.  The  Washington  office  became  the  headquarters  of 
this  committee,  where  its  work  was  conducted  by  its  chairman, 
Dr.  H.  K.  Carroll.    (See  report). 

Committee  on  Negro  Churches 

This  committee  was  authorized  by  the  executive  committee 
at  its  annual  meeting  at  Richmond,  Virginia^  in  December, 
15114,  at  the  request  of  Bishop  Walters  and  others,  to  look 
after  the  special  interests  of  the  colored  constituent  bodies. 
After  a  provisional  committee  had  been  appointed,  the  general 
secretary  requested  the  associate  secretary  at  Washington  to 
act  as  organizing  secretary.  The  outcome  is  an  effective  com- 
mittee of  sixteen  or  more  and  a  permanent  organization  with 
Bishop  Thirkield  as  president.  Dr.  J.  D.  Hammond  of  Dalton, 
Georgia,  as  vice-president,  and  Dr.  H.  K.  Carroll  as  secretary- 
treasurer.  Its  headquarters  are  at  the  Washington  office. 
Its  first  report  is  given  elsewhere. 

Other  Services  of  the  Associate  Secretary 

The  associate  secretary  has  placed  his  services  at  the 
disposal  of  all  the  constituent  bodies  of  the  Council  and  their 
assemblies,  the  denominational  boards  of  the  Home  Missions 
Council  and  the  Foreign  Missions  Conference  of  North  Amer- 
ica, expressing  his  desire  to  be  called  upon  freely  to  serve  either 
their  denominational  or  their  common  interests,  and  has  at- 
tended to  such  duties  respecting  the  Indians  as  were  entrusted 
to  him. 

At  the  request  of  the  immigration  committee  of  the  Home 
Missions  Council,  the  associate  secretary  spent  a  day  at  Ellis 
Island,  in  company  with  the  Rev.  Joseph  H.  Selden,  who  had 
minutely  investigated  and  studied  conditions  there,  and  later 
he  called  the  attention  of  Congress  to  the  conditions  under 
which  detained  aliens  must  live  there  as  intolerable  and  a 
reproach  to  our  government.  He  emphasized  the  need  of  in- 
creased dormitory  space,  better  facilities  for  segregation, 
better  hospital  accommodations,  and  additional  skilled 
interpreters. 

He  has  corresponded  with  all  the  social  and  moral  re- 
form agencies  enrolled  in  the  Year  Book  of  the  Church  and 
Social  Service  as  cooperating  bodies  with  the  Commission  on 
the  Church  and  Social  Service,  offering  to  assist  in  every  way 
possible  the  interests  of  these  movements  at  Washington. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  251 

He  has  fulfilled  several  tasks  entrusted  to  him  by  the 
Federal  Council  Commission  on  Peace  and  Arbitration  and  by 
the  Commission  on  Christian  Education,  relative  to  instruction 
on  International  Peace  in  Sunday-schools. 

He  has  attended  from  time  to  time  by  request,  hearings 
before  Congressional  committees  on  prohibition,  a  national 
divorce  law,  Indian  affairs,  suppression  of  the  use  of  peyote, 
etc. 

At  the  request  of  the  general  secretary,  the  associate  secre- 
tary has  attended  meetings  of  general  conferences,  general  as- 
semblies, and  other  conventions  of  various  constituent  bodies, 
and  addressed  them  as  a  representative  of  the  Federal  Council 
as  follows:  General  Conferences  of  the  African  Methodist 
Episcopal  and  African  Methodist  Episcopal  Zion  Churches; 
National  Baptist  Convention,  Southern  Christian  Convention, 
Afro-Christian  Convention,  General  Conference  United 
Evangelical  Church,  General  Convention  of  the  Disciples  of 
Christ.  He  also  attended  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention  at 
Asheville,  North  Carolina,  in  May,  191 6,  in  the  interest  of 
United  States  chaplaincies  in  the  army  and  navy. 

The  Washington  Office  as  a  Convenience 

Many  important  interests  center  at  the  national  capital, 
moral,  religious,  social,  educational,  and  pacific,  and  the  asso- 
ciate secretary  has  gladly  responded  to  a  variety  of  requests, 
such  as  to  arrange  conferences  with  the  President,  with  the 
Secretaries  of  State,  War,  Navy,  and  other  Departments,  and 
to  procure  information.  By  the  request  of  the  Federal  Council 
committee  on  European  war  belief,  he  arranged  with  the 
Executive  Office  and  the  State  Department  the  fixing  of  a 
day  by  proclamation  for  contributions  to  the  Armenian  and 
Syrian  Relief  Fund,  and  the  conference  of  President  Mathews 
and  Dr.  Gulick  on  their  return  from  their  peace  mission  to 
Japan,  with  the  Secretary  of  State  and  the  Japanese  Am- 
bassador. He  has  attended  synods,  conferences,  and  conven- 
tions meeting  in  Washington,  and  meetings  in  the  interest  of 
temperance,  and  other  social  questions.  He  accompanied  a 
deputation  to  the  Postmaster-General  to  urge  that  no  recom- 
mendation be  made  from  the  Department  for  legislation  that 
would  infringe  the  postal  employees  Sunday  compensatory 
time  law.  Requests  for  information  of  various  kinds  of  govern- 
ment officials  and  others  come  in  increasing  numbers  from  all 


252  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

parts  of  the  country.  One  of  these  involved  the  organization 
of  a  representative  committee  to  present  to  the  President  an 
immense  petition  asking  the  government  of  the  United  States 
to  use  its  influence  in  securing  for  the  Jews  their  liberties  and 
rights  in  any  settlement  that  may  be  made  after  the  war  of 
the  peace  of  Europe. 

The  Washington  churches  and  pastors  appreciate  the  value 
of  the  office  and  cheerfully  contribute  toward  its  expenses. 
The  Washington  advisory  committee  is  a  devoted  and  in- 
fluential body  of  ministerial  and  lay  representatives  of  the 
various  denominations.  Their  names  follow:  Rt.  Rev.  Alfred 
Harding,  Chairman;  Rev.  John  Lee  Allison,  Chaplain  George 
L.  Bayard,  Bishop  Earl  Cranston,  Rev.  Samuel  H.  Greene, 
Mr.  John  B.  Earner,  Rev.  Whitford  L.  McDowell,  Rev.  George 
A.  Miller,  Recording  Secretary;  Rev.  Forrest  J.  Prettyman, 
Rev.  Wallace  Radcliffe,  V ice-Chairman;  Rev.  Charles  F.  Steck, 
Mr.  G.  W.  F.  Swartzell,  Rev.  Clarence  A.  Vincent. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

H,  K.  Carroll,  Associate  Secretary, 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  253 


REPORT  OF  THE  FIELD  SECRETARY  FOR 
SPECIAL  SERVICE 

To  the  Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland,  General  Secretary: 

As  my  official  relation  to  the  Federal  Council  began  only 
on  July  1,  1916,  it  is  not  possible  to  present  a  report  cover- 
ing the  entire  quadrennial  period.  However,  the  various 
tasks  which  occupied  my  attention  during  practically  this 
entire  period  were  related  to  local  and  national  enterprises 
which  were  more  or  less  tied  up  to  the  work  of  the  Federal 
Council.  As  many  of  these  activities  are  to  be  carried  over 
into  the  office  of  the  field  secretary,  a  brief  outline  of  some 
of  them  will  be  in  order. 

Two  years  were  spent  in  the  study  of  the  economic 
aspects  of  the  liquor  problem.  The  statement  has  fre- 
quently been  made  that  the  abolition  of  the  liquor  traffic 
will  create  a  labor  panic.  This  issue  was  squarely  met 
in  an  investigation  which  covered  practically  the  entire 
civilized  world,  or  wherever  reports  dealing  with  this  mat- 
ter were  published.  The  facts  and  statistics  which  served 
as  the  basis  of  the  findings  were  secured  entirely  from 
governmental  reports  and  those  issued  by  scientific  socie- 
ties. Many  original  investigations  were  made.  As  a  result 
of  this  study  we  are  prepared  to  demonstrate  the  fallacy  of 
the  arguments  of  liquor  men.  The  material  secured  has 
been  issued  in  the  labor  press,  in  a  series  of  articles  syndi- 
cated to  leading  daily  newspapers,  in  the  Hearst  papers, 
in  numerous  religious  papers,  in  the  magazines,  and  for 
over  a  year  daily  editorials  have  been  prepared  for  the 
National  Daily,  the  organ  of  the  Anti-Saloon  League.  Ma- 
terial on  the  liquor  question  has  also  been  furnished  to 
well-known  magazine  writers.  A  series  of  eighteen  leaflets 
for  workingmen  have  been  prepared  on  such  subjects  as 
the  following: 

Shall  the  Saloon  Dominate  the  Labor  Movement? 

Will  One  Million  Workingmen  Lose  Their  Jobs  if  the 
Saloons  are  Closed? 

Poverty  the  Principal  Product  of  the  Saloon. 


254  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

The  Price  the  Workingman  Pays. 

The  Farmer  and  Prohibition. 

Personal  Liberty  and  the  Saloon. 

Why  Should  the  Workingman  be  Liquor's  Goat? 

Buying  Booze  or  Bread — How  it  Affects  Industry. 

Liquor  Investments  Transferred  to  Other  Industries 
Means  Greater  Prosperity  for  the  Workers. 

Booze  Bill  Equals  Earnings  of  all  American  Trade 
Unionists. 

Why  Drinking  Men  are  a  Menace  to  Labor. 

The  Curse  of  Liquor  upon  Those  Who  Make  and  Sell  It. 

Do  Liquor  Workers  Have  Steady  Jobs? 

These  have  been  widely  distributed.  Until  they  were 
written,  there  was  scarcely  any  material  of  a  similar  char- 
acter available.  The  Worker,  a  four-page  monthly  paper 
for  workingmen,  has  been  issued  during  the  past  year. 
This  paper  has  been  sent  to  a  selected  list  of  labor  leaders, 
to  the  principal  labor  papers  in  the  United  States,  and  to  a 
list  of  persons  who  have  become  regular  subscribers. 

Great  mass  meetings  for  workingmen  have  been  held, 
beginning  with  a  meeting  held  in  Massey  Hall,  Toronto, 
which  was  attended  by  4,000  workers,  while  the  American 
Federation  of  Labor  was  in  session  in  that  city. 

The  attempt  to  commit  the  American  Federation  of 
Labor  convention  to  an  endorsement  of  the  liquor  traffic 
has  been  thwarted  for  seven  successive  years,  through  per- 
sonal appeals  to  prominent  labor  leaders  and  through  the 
holding  of  public  meetings  for  the  discussion  of  the  liquor 
question  in  the  cities  in  which  these  conventions  have 
been  held. 

Signatures  of  about  two  hundred  labor  leaders  of  prom- 
inence have  been  secured  expressing  an  interest  in  the  for- 
mation of  a  Labor  Officials'  Temperance  Fellowship.  A 
definite  attempt  will  be  made  to  form  a  national  anti-saloon 
movement  among  the  rank  and  file  of  the  workers  to 
counteract  the  influence  of  the  liquor  men  within  the  Ameri- 
can labor  movement.  Already  several  local  organizations 
have  been  furnished  with  advice  and  literature  regarding 
this  matter. 

Numerous  requests  have  come  from  various  groups  to 
make  state-wide  surveys  of  the  liquor  problem,  the  findings 
to  serve  as  material  for  propaganda  purposes.    Work  has 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  255 

been  begun  in  New  Jersey  on  such  a  survey,  one  important 
section  being  completed,  the  results  having  been  exhibited 
at  the  last  national  convention  of  the  Anti-Saloon  League, 
not  only  winning  strong  commendations  from  the  delegates 
but  serving  to  inspire  many  other  states  to  make,  or  to 
have  made,  similar  investigations.  One  of  the  chief  values 
of  these  surveys  is  in  furnishing  material  for  saloon  fighters 
which  is  absolutely  accurate. 

It  is  proposed  to  appoint  commissions  of  widely  known 
and  competent  men  to  make  a  thoroughgoing  study  of  the 
following  subjects :  Liquor  and  Industry,  Liquor  and  Agri- 
culture, Liquor  and  Transportation,  Liquor  and  Taxation, 
Liquor  and  Personal  Liberty,  Liquor  and  Compensation. 
The  reports  of  these  commissions  will  undoubtedly  have 
great  weight  among  all  classes  of  men. 

A  somewhat  extensive  study  has  been  made  of  saloon 
substitutes.  We  have  gotten  together  practically  all  of  the 
available  literary  material  on  this  subject,  and  some  original 
investigations  have  been  made.  It  is  exceedingly  import- 
ant that  a  constructive,  positive  program  be  prepared.  We 
are  now  ready  to  offer  suggestions  and  plans  to  communities 
which  may  desire  to  establish  substitutes  for  the  saloon. 

The  workingman  undoubtedly  holds  the  key  to  the 
saloon  problem.  Our  campaign  is  specifically  organized  to 
meet  his  questions  and  his  legitimate  needs.  One  of  the 
greatest  perils  of  the  labor  movement  is  that  it  may  be 
dominated  by  the  liquor  men.  Aside  from  personal  habits 
of  intemperance  on  the  part  of  workingmen,  such  domi- 
nance would  be  a  moral  and  physical  calamity.  Our  ap- 
proach to  the  saloon  problem  is  unique.  No  one  else  is 
doing  just  the  work  we  are  carrying  on.  It  is  of  supreme 
importance  because  the  next  big  fight  against  the  saloon 
will  be  upon  the  economic  basis.  The  liquor  men  them- 
selves have  already  focused  their  attention  upon  this  phase 
of  the  question,  to  the  exclusion  of  almost  every  other  argu- 
ment.   We  are  ready  to  meet  the  liquor  men  on  tiiis  issue. 

Beginning  about  July  1,  1916,  and  continuing  for  twelve 
weeks,  I  made  a  study  of  sixty-nine  cities  situated  in 
Kentucky,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan,  and  Wisconsin ;  these 
cities  having  an  average  population  of  5,000,  although  about 
a  dozen  cities  having  a  population  of  approximately  30,000 
were  included.     While  the  element  of  uniformity,  due  to 


256  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

these  cities  being  in  the  same  general  zone,  was  missing, 
nevertheless  it  was  possible  to  secure  a  picture  of  the  aver- 
age small  town  in  the  middle  west.  It  should  be  understood 
that  this  investigation  was  by  no  means  exhaustive,  as 
only  one  day  was  spent  in  each  town. 

A  popular  address  was  given  each  night  in  connection 
with  a  Chautauqua  engagement ;  this  address  being  followed 
by  an  open  forum,  the  audience  asking  questions  for  pos- 
sibly three  quarters  of  an  hour;  the  questions  having  to  do 
principally  with  local  conditions.  Each  afternoon  I  met 
the  ministers  in  the  town,  with  whom  I  talked  out  the  local 
problems.  Personal  investigations  were  also  made  during 
the  day,^  and  sometimes  at  night.  The  findings  were  based 
upon  this  kind  of  an  experience  in  each  of  the  cities.  The 
following  observations  are  not  statements  of  my  own  views, 
but  constitute  an  attempt  to  express  the  views  of  those  with 
whom  I  held  conference. 

Two  things  made  a  deep  impression  on  my  mind  as  a 
result  of  this  study,  particularly  as  I  talked  with  the  min- 
isters; first,  in  reply  to  the  question,  "What  is  the  out- 
standing problem  confronting  the  local  churches  ?",  scarcely 
a  minister  could  give  a  definite  and  concise  answer  prompt- 
ly. It  was  quite  apparent  that  they  had  not  thought  the 
matter  through,  and  such  answers  as  were  given  were 
thought  of  on  the  spur  of  the  moment.  The  second  startling 
fact  was  brought  out  when  I  asked  the  question,  "What 
outstanding  feature  of  the  church's  work  would  attract  you 
to  it  if  you  were  outside  the  church?"  Many  of  the  min- 
isters frankly  said  that  nothing  was  being  done  by  any 
church  in  town  which  might  persuade  them  to  become  en- 
thusiastic for  the  church  were  they  now  outside  of  it. 
While  it  is  no  doubt  true  that  the  church  as  an  institution 
is  in  a  position  to  make  a  desirable  appeal  to  the  average 
man,  it  is  a  serious  question  as  to  whether  the  average 
church  in  a  small  town  community  has  a  program  which  is 
sufficiently  definite  and  inspiring  to  attract  the  average  man 
who  does  not  now  go  to  church. 

While  there  are  many  who  will  dispute  this  statement, 
the  testimony  of  the  ministers*  interviews  during  the  past 
summer  must  be  given  careful  consideration.  It  is  often 
suggested  that  there  is  a  lack  of  spirituality  in  the  church, 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  257 

but  what  was  usually  meant  by  spirituality  was  the  out- 
ward expression  of  emotional  religion. 

It  was  very  generally  conceded  that  the  presentation 
of  religion  in  the  average  small-town  church — as  well  as  in 
some  other  communities — must  have  in  it  a  greater  virility 
if  it  is  to  appeal  to  the  men  in  the  community.  It  rarely 
happened  that  the  men  who  were  the  leaders  in  local  com- 
mercial and  civic  organizations  were  also  leaders  in  the 
church,  and  it  was  freely  stated  that  this  alienation  was  not 
altogether  due  to  a  lack  of  interest  in  religious  matters. 
It  is  unfortunate  that  the  attitude  on  the  part  of  such 
leaders  toward  the  church  and  the  preacher  is  one  of  patron- 
age or  paternalism.  It  was  frequently  stated  that  many 
men  were  attracted  to  Bible  classes  in  the  Sunday-school, 
but  that  they  could  not  be  persuaded  to  attend  the  regular 
church  services.  Here  is  a  significant  fact  which  is  worthy 
of  attention. 

There  is  some  feeling  of  opposition  to  certain  revival 
methods  and  against  the  professional  evangelist,  and  while 
it  was  very  generally  conceded  that  it  was  almost  impossible 
to  get  along  without  the  evangelist,  because  apparently 
nobody  was  in  a  position  to  organize  evangelistic  campaigns 
in  the  churches,  it  is  true  that  an  increasing  number  of 
ministers  are  doing  their  own  evangelistic  work,  but  even 
these  need  direction  and  leadership  because  of  the  necessity 
of  a  certain  technique,  which  in  most  cases  they  had  not 
acquired,  and  which  is  essential  if  the  best  results  of  an 
evangelistic  campaign  are  to  be  conserved. 

It  was  gratifying  to  find  that  in  quite  a  number  of 
cities  the  ministers  were  conducting  open-air  meetings  in 
public  parks  and  squares  and  also  upon  the  streets  during 
the  summer  season.  One  would  imagine  that  after  the 
many  evangelistic  campaigns  which  have  been  conducted 
in  these  cities,  there  would  be  a  marked  effect  upon  their 
social  and  economic  life,  but  apparently  these  meetings 
scarcely  make  any  impression  in  this  particular.  It  was 
said  upon  a  number  of  occasions  by  the  ministers,  that  the 
kind  of  evangelism  which  is  preached  by  the  professional 
evangelist  "does  not  seem  to  develop  concern  for  others" — 
apparently  the  only  thought  being  with  regard  to  one's 
personal  salvation.  It  was  very  generally  remarked  that 
there  is  usually  a  cheap  fling  at  "social  service"  by  most 


258  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

evangelists,  although  ordinarily  these  evangelists  do  not 
quite  know  what  is  meant  by  the  term.  They  assume,  it 
was  said  by  the  ministers,  that  social  service  of  necessity 
means  the  elimination  of  the  direct  "religious"  appeal,  and 
that  it  has  no  concern  for  soul  culture.  It  seems  highly 
important  that  a  greater  sympathy  be  developed  between 
those  who  believe  in  evangelism  and  those  who  are  con- 
cerned about  social  service. 

There  is  an  almost  absolute  lack  of  united  religious 
effort  in  the  average  small  town.  When  evangelistic  meet- 
ings are  held,  each  church  conducts  them  separately.  It  is 
unquestionably  true  that  one  of  the  greatest  needs  of  the 
small  city  in  this  country  is  more  actual  cooperation  in  the 
larger  social  and  religious  tasks  in  the  community. 

It  should  be  said  in  defense  of  the  ministers  in  these 
towns  that  unquestionably  it  is  more  difficult  to  make  good 
in  the  average  small  town  than  it  is  in  the  larger  city. 
There  is  a  limited  number  of  persons  with  whom  the 
minister  is  compelled  to  work.  He  must  make  good  with 
these  people  or  he  will  not  make  good  at  all.  Furthermore, 
the  preacher  is  face  to  face  with  more  conservativism  than 
he  will  probably  find  in  any  other  kind  of  a  city.  He  must, 
for  example,  deal  with  the  retired  farmer.  While  there 
are  undoubtedly  those  who  formerly  lived  on  the  farm 
and  who  have  now  gone  to  the  town  to  spend  their  de- 
clining years,  who  are  progressive  in  their  outlook  and 
generous  in  their  impulses,  the  great  body  of  retired  farmers 
are  often  a  distinct  detriment  to  the  average  community. 
Perhaps  they  are  not  altogether  to  blame  for  this.  They 
are  subject  to  the  law  of  "diminishing  returns,"  and  they 
are  living  on  the  interests  of  their  investments  and  these 
investments  continue  to  bring  in  a  relatively  small  amount. 
Improvement  in  the  community  which  involves  an  increase 
in  taxes  simply  means  a  decreased  income  in  the  farmer's 
capital.  Some  of  these  retired  farmers  who  were  keen  for 
good  roads  when  they  lived  in  the  open  country  are  now 
opposed  to  the  building  of  any  roads  if  it  means  additional 
expense  to  them.  This  attitude  and  spirit  afifects  their 
relationship  not  only  to  good  roads  but  to  practically  every 
other  affair  which  has  a  financial  bearing.  They  are  re- 
actionary in  civic  affairs,  and  the  church  in  the  average  small 
city  is  unquestionably  suffering  because  of  this  influence. 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  259 

Then  there  is  the  small-town  business  man.  Often  his 
limited  outlook  stands  as  a  distinct  barrier  in  the  way  of 
progress.  His  idea  of  community  development  means 
merely  that  the  local  enterprises  are  to  be  patronized  in 
order  that  they  may  be  "saved"  from  the  mail-order  house 
influence.  In  order  to  hold  his  customers,  this  kind  of  a 
business  man  refrains  from  doing  or  saying  anything  which 
would  have  real  value  in  the  community  because  he  is 
afraid  of  losing  trade.  He  will  not  take  a  position  in  the 
fight  against  the  saloon,  for  example. 

It  is  due  to  this  particular  group  that  even  the  saloon- 
keeper in  the  community  is  permitted  to  throttle  the  town 
and  its  interests.  While  the  tongues  of  the  preachers  are 
not  tied  with  regard  to  the  liquor  problem  on  this  account, 
it  nevertheless  makes  their  tasks  more  difficult,  especially 
when  the  liquor  interests  are  strong  among  business  men, 
particularly  if  they  dominate  the  banks. 

The  efforts  put  forth  in  the  small  town  fail  to  produce 
the  same  results  that  they  would  in  a  large  city.  There  is 
not  the  same  response  to  the  same  kind  of  an  appeal. 

There  are  older  men  who  have  long  been  pastors  in 
these  cities,  sometimes  growing  up  with  the  town,  who 
while  seeing  things  as  they  are — having  a  vision  of  the 
needs  of  the  people — have  permitted  themselves  to  lapse 
into  a  sort  of  an  idealistic  state,  really  detaching  themselves 
from  the  actual  problems  of  the  community  and  gathering 
about  them  a  group  of  agreeable  people  who  are  undoubted- 
ly superior  to  the  common  run  of  folks.  If  these  men  could 
be  made  to  see  their  obligation  toward  the  community,  it 
would  help  immensely  in  getting  at  the  problems  of  the 
town.  One  of  the  chief  difficulties  is  that  the  average 
minister  has  permitted  himself  to  be  loaded  down  with 
details.  He  has  not  learned  how  to  organize  his  people 
so  that  they  will  carry  many  of  the  burdens  which  should 
normally  be  theirs,  thus  freeing  him  for  the  larger  service 
of  preacher  and  prophet  as  well  as  student  of  local  condi- 
tions. 

The  number  of  young  men  in  the  ministry  who  are  taking 
hold  with  vigor  in  some  of  these  smaller  towns  is  a  hopeful 
sign.  If  somebody  could  get  back  of  these  young  men, 
leading  them  on  to  the  larger  local  tasks,  they  would  be- 
come even  a  great  power,  not  only  in  their  towns,  but 


260  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

throughout  the  entire  district  which  they  may  serve.  There 
is  an  increasing  number  of  young  laymen  and  women  who 
are  eager  to  do  something  practical  in  the  name  of  the 
church.  While  their  opportunities  for  service  in  the  smaller 
town  may  sometimes  be  limited,  it  should  not  be  difficult  for' 
a  wide-awake  minister  to  find  some  kind  of  an  outlet  for 
service  for  these  awakened  Christians. 

There  are  many  opportunities  for  usefulness  for  people 
of  real  ability  in  these  smaller  cities.  Recreational  and 
educational  problems  are  numerous.  Dancing  and  card 
playing  seem  to  be  engrossing  the  attention  of  the  young 
people,  but  this  is  so,  largely  because  ordinarily  there  is 
not  a  single  person  or  influence  interested  in  directing  the 
recreational  life  of  the  people  in  a  definite,  constructive 
fashion.  The  result  is  that  these  young  people  are  simply 
giving  expression  to  a  normal  desire  for  recreation  in  the 
simplest  manner  possible,  which  usually  results  in  dancing 
parties  and  card  parties  and  such  other  features  as  require, 
practically  no  organization  but  which  are  developed  spon- 
•taneously.  In  most  of  the  cities,  the  only  other  recreational 
feature  is  the  motion-picture  show,  and  this  is  patronized 
to  such  a  degree  that  it  is  alarming  many  of  the  people 
in  the  community.  But  the  motion-picture  show  has  come 
to  stay.  It  is  simply  a  question  now  of  controlling  it. 
Here  is  a  task  for  intelligent,  but  large-minded  and  sympa- 
thetic people. 

There  is  a  very  marked  difference  in  the  percentage  oi 
church-membership  in  Southern  cities  as  compared  with 
those  in  the  North.  In  southern  Kentucky,  for  example, 
from  eighty  to  ninety  per  cent,  of  the  people  are  members' 
of  the  church,  whereas  in  the  manufacturing  towns  in  the^ 
North  only  about  twenty-five  to  thirty  per  cent,  of  the 
people  are  members  of   the  church.  i 

For  the  most  part,  the  churches  in  manufacturing  towns 
have  no  programs  and  no  policy  with  reference  to  the  social 
and  religious  conditions  for  which  industrialism  is  respon-. 
sible.  Large  numbers  of  the  people  in  these  manufacturing 
towns  came  from  the  country  where,  in  most  instances, 
they  were  identified  with  the  church.  Now  that  they  have ' 
come  to  the  city  they  seem  to  be  more  difficult  to  reach 
and  influence  than  are  those  who  had  never  gone  to  church. 

It  was  interesting  to  observe  that  in  some  towns  when 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  261 

foreigners  were  present  in  fairly  large  numbers,  they  took 
upon  themselves  the  task  of  furnishing  recreational  life  for 
their  own  people.  These  features  were  not  always  of  the 
most  desirable  kind,  but  the  spirit  of  independence  mani- 
fested is  to  be  commended.  With  sympathetic  direction 
and  with  a  democratic  spirit,  those  who  have  had  larger 
social  opportunities  could  usually  make  themselves  of  im- 
mense value  to  the  foreigners  in  their  communities. 

There  is  undoubtedly  a  need  for  community  workers  in 
many  of  these  small  cities.  It  is  suggested  that  when  a 
town  cannot  pay  the  full  salary  of  such  a  worker,  a  number 
of  the  towns  not  far  from  each  other  and  whose  problems 
are  quite  similar,  might  combine  in  the  support  of  a  director 
of  community  life. 

It  is  generally  assumed  that  labor  problems  are  limited 
to  the  big  town,  but  they  were  found  in  even  some  of  these 
small  cities.  In  a  number  of  these  towns  there  were 
strikes,  lockouts,  with  lawlessness  and  all  the  other  elements 
found  in  the  average  larger  industrial  city.  Usually  the 
ministers  and  the  churches  had  no  intelligent  program — 
if  indeed  they  had  a  program  at  all — concerning  such  in- 
dustrial situations.  It  was  pathetic  that  in  one  city  in 
which  industrial  strife  had  weakened  the  commercial  and 
religious  life,  several  of  the  ministers  were  making  efforts 
to  get  out  of  town  simply  because  they  felt  themselves 
inadequate  to  meet  the  local  conditions. 

Socialism  is  progressing  in  the  small  city.  They  are 
conducting  street  meetings — indeed  it  would  be  fair  to  say 
that  they  are  conducting  more  open-air  meetings  than  all 
of  the  churches  combined — and  their  influence  extends  not 
only  to  the  industrial  groups  but  to  many  others  in  the 
community.  Many  of  the  ministers  have  become  socialists. 
The  enthusiasm  manifested  by  these  "radicals"  often  puts 
to  shame  the  spirit  of  those  who  are  in  the  church.  In 
general  there  is  a  very  strong  feeling  against  socialism 
in  the  middle  west,  but  it  is  quite  apparent  that  the 
ministers  and  the  churches  must  honestly  face  the  problems 
which  are  being  discussed  by  socialists  and  that  they  must 
be  prepared  to  give  an  intelligent  as  well  as  a  sympathetic 
answer  when  their  opinions  are  sought  regarding  social  and 
economic  questions. 

Large  numbers  of  the  young  people  are  compelled  to 


262  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

leave  their  home  towns  when  they  graduate  from  high 
school  or  when  they  reach  the  age  of  sixteen,  because 
there  are  no  "jobs"  to  be  had  at  home.  Business  does  not 
increase  fast  enough  in  the  average  community  to  give 
employment  to  these  young  people.  It  is  among  this  group 
that  the  minister  may  do  particularly  effective  work  while 
he  has  the  opportunity  and  before  they  go  to  the  larger 
city,  building  the  groundwork  of  character  and  stability 
to  equip  them  to  fight  the  battles  of  life.  More  attention 
should  be  given  to  this  important  task.  It  should  be  done 
in  a  systematic,  personal  way,  not  merely  with  a  hope  that 
the  general  work  of  the  church  will  produce  the  desired 
effect  in  the  lives  of  these  young  people. 

Social  problems  even  in  their  grosser  forms  are  often 
found  in  the  average  small  town.  Red-light  districts  which 
are  generally  recognized  and  for  which  no  apology  is  made, 
exist  in  several  cities  even  as  small  as  5,000  inhabitants. 
The  visiting  theatrical  groups  showing  at  the  local  theatres 
are  usually  of  the  poorest  class.  Sanitary  conditions  are 
frequently  as  bad  as  one  can  find  anywhere,  particularly 
the  sewerage  and  garbage  facilities. 

Men's  organizations  seem  to  be  almost  a  failure,  particu- 
larly brotherhoods  and  men's  clubs.  Occasionally  a  banquet 
for  purely  social  purposes  draws  together  a  fairly  repre- 
sentative group  of  men,  but  ordinarily  nothing  definite  and 
constructive  is  presented  to  them.  The  result  is  that  men 
are  spending  their  energies  in  fraternal  organizations,  clubs 
of  questionable  value,  and  in  dancing  and  card  parties. 
There  is  undoubtedly  a  great  deal  of  moral  force  being 
wasted  because  so  few  of  the  leaders  in  the  churches  ap- 
parently have  the  vision  and  ability  to  control  or  direct 
it.  Most  of  the  problems  of  the  church  and  of  the  com- 
munity resolve  themselves  into  the  question  of  securing 
competent  leadership. 

Of  the  2,400  cities  in  the  United  States,  seventy-five 
per  cent,  are  places  of  2,500  to  10,000  inhabitants.  Practi- 
cally all  of  the  cities  visited  are  cities  of  this  class.  While 
they  contain  only  twenty  per  cent,  of  the  population  in  all 
the  cities  of  the  United  States,  each  one  of  them  is  a  distinct 
and  separate  unit.  When  it  is  reported  that  the  people 
living  in  these  cities  practically  dominate  the  political  and 
ecclesiastical  life  of  this  country,  one  can  readily  understand 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  203 

the  importance  of  developing  among  them  the  finest  social 
and  religious  spirit. 

It  is  to  this  task  that  the  Federal  Council  and  the  or- 
ganizations affiliated  with  it  should  intelligently  direct 
themselves. 

The  most  difficult  problem  confronting  the  church  with 
reference  to  the  workingman  is  not  so  much  to  meet  the 
needs  of  the  depressed  classes  who  lack  the  necessities  of 
life — important  as  this  may  be — but  to  frankly  face  the  fact 
that  the  workingmen  who  are  alienated  from  the  church 
consist,  for  the  most  part,  of  the  high-grade  artisan  group. 

One  of  the  important  tasks  recently  completed  was  the 
study  of  how  workingmen  spend  their  time.  An  entire  year 
was  devoted  to  this  investigation.  About  two  hundred 
questions  were  asked  each  workingman  interviewed,  among 
them  the  following:  "Where  do  you  spend  your  spare  time 
to  greatest  profit  to  yourself?"  Sixteen  different  places  or 
institutions  were  mentioned  such  as  the  labor  union,  lodge, 
lecture  hall,  the  art  museum,  public  library,  the  motion-picture 
show,  the  saloon,  and  the  church.  The  church  stood  lowest  in 
the  estimation  of  these  workingmen  as  a  place  of  interest. 

It  was  also  discovered  that  the  workingmen  who  spent 
the  most  time  in  the  saloon  and  who  spent  the  largest  per- 
centage of  their  spare  cash  for  intoxicating  liquor  were 
those  who  worked  long  hours  per  day  and  were  driven  to 
the  saloon  because  they  felt  the  need  of  artificial  stimulant 
after  a  long  day's  work.  Startling  as  it  may  appear,  it  was 
nevertheless  true  that  the  long-houred,  short-waged  work- 
ingmen were  more  interested  in  religious  matters  than  were 
the  short-houred,  high-paid  artisan. 

We  are  thus  confronted  by  the  situation  that  for  the 
most  part  the  workingmen  who  are  out  of  the  church  are 
the  more  intelligent,  clear-thinking  artisans,  who  apparently 
having  thought  the  matter  through  have  found  a  substitute 
for  the  church,  not  in  the  saloon  nor  in  other  places  which 
are  degrading  in  their  influence,  but  in  movements  princi- 
pally social  and  economic  which  have  in  themselves  a  dis- 
tinct religious  spirit.  A  librarian  in  one  of  our  leading 
cities  recently  said  that  if  present  tendencies  continue,  the 
working  class  would  be  the  only  educated  class  in  America, 


264  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

judging  from  the  kind  of  books  that  they  are  reading.  This 
was  brought  out  in  our  investigation. 

Socialism  has  become  a  religion  to  thousands  of  work- 
ingm^n  who  have  embraced  it,  and  their  enthusiasm  for  this 
new  found  religion  rivals  that  of  the  Christian  who  is  inter- 
ested primarily  in  the  church.  There  is  no  doubt  that  the 
attitude  of  organized  labor  toward  the  church  has  under- 
gone a  radical  change  in  the  past  ten  years.  One  rarely 
finds  harsh  criticisms  of  the  church  in  the  labor  press, 
although  this  was  quite  common  ten  years  ago. 

For  eight  years  the  labor  papers  of  this  country  very 
generally  printed  articles  which  were  syndicated  every 
week  through  our  office,  these  articles  dealing  chiefly  with 
the  ethical  principles  of  organized  labor  and  the  relation 
of  the  church  to  workingmen's  problems.  The  plan  of 
sending  ministerial  fraternal  delegates  to  central  labor 
unions  has  met  with  a  most  hearty  response.  While  this 
plan  has  not  been  aggressively  pushed  during  the  early 
part  of  the  past  quadrennium,  at  that  time  it  was  in  opera- 
tion in  about  150  cities.  In  many  cases  these  ministers 
served  as  chaplains  for  organized  labor,  and  their  influence 
among  these  workingmen  was  in  many  cases  most  remark- 
able. It  is  proposed  to  revive  this  method  of  approach  to 
workingmen  at  once,  giving  the  ministers  m.ore  concrete 
plans  which  may  be  carried  out  locally. 

The  observance  of  Labor  Sunday  by  the  churches  has 
had  a  marked  influence  not  only  upon  the  churches  them- 
selves but  upon  the  workingmen  who  attended  church  ser- 
vices upon  this  day  in  large  numbers. 

On  nearly  every  Sunday  afternoon  during  the  winter 
season,  it  has  been  my  privilege  to  address  great  mass 
meetings  of  workingmen  in  theatres  and  public  halls,  the 
audiences  rarely  numbering  less  than  1,000,  although  there 
have  been  as  many  as  15,000  upon  some  occasions. 

The  noonday  shop  campaigns  for  the  presentation  of 
the  distinctively  spiritual  aspects  of  the  gospel  of  Jesus 
have  been  conducted  in  many  cities,  as  a  result  of  which, 
permanent  shop  meetings  have  been  held  by  Young  Men's 
Christian  Associations,  by  individual  churches,  and  under 
the  auspices   of  theological   seminaries. 

During  the  past  two  years,  important  industrial  dis- 
putes  have   been    arbitrated,   particularly   in   the   newspaper 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  265 

offices  in  New  York  City  among  the  pressmen,  stereo- 
typers,  and  other  high-grade  workers. 

It  is  gratifying  that  in  the  list  of  arbitrators  made  up 
by  both  the  publishers  and  the  workmen,  my  name  was 
invariably  placed  at  the  head  of  the  lists,  by  virtue  of  which 
I  served  as  chairman  of  these  boards  and  was  practically 
made  the  sole  arbitrator  in  each  case.  It  may  be  said 
incidentally  that  with  one  exception  the  decisions  made 
went  against  the   trade  unions  involved. 

It  is  suggested  that  a  standing  committee  on  concilia- 
tion and  arbitration  be  appointed  by  the  Federal  Council, 
possibly  in  connection  with  its  Social  Service  Commission, 
whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  arrive  at  the  fundamental  moral 
and  ethical  principles  in  important  labor  controversies,  for 
the  purpose  of  bringing  together  the  opposing  forces  in 
industry  and  so  that  individual  ministers  and  churches  may 
be  guided  in  determining  their  attitude  toward  labor  dis- 
putes. It  is  impossible  for  the  ministers  to  hold  them- 
selves aloof  from  such  matters.  At  any  rate,  they  should 
be  assisted  so  far  as  possible  by  service  given  them  by  the 
Federal  Council. 

It  is  also  recommended  that  continuous  studies  af  cur- 
rent events  in  the  social,  economic,  and  religious  world  be 
made  by  the  Council,  especially  those  having  to  do  with 
human  welfare,  interpreting  these  events  for  the  church  in 
the  spirit  of  Christianity  so  that  when  great  occasions 
arise,  the  church  may  be  prepared  with  adequate  programs 
in  so  far  as  these  have  to  do  with  the  moral  and  ethical 
principles  under  consideration. 

During  the  winter  of  1914  and  1915,  I  served  as  execu- 
tive secretary  of  the  committee  on  unemployment  for  the 
Federation  of  Churches  of  New  York  City,  and  at  the 
same  time  I  was  employed  as  director  of  Relief  and  Emer- 
gency Measures  for  the  mayor's  committee  on  unemploy- 
ment in  New  York.  During  this  winter  there  were  400,000 
unemployed  men  and  women  in  the  city.  It  was  part  of 
my  task  to  study  the  various  groups  of  unemployed.  This 
brought  me  into  almost  continuous  contact  with  the  men 
on  the  bread  lines  and  in  the  lodging-houses.  Smaller 
groups  of  the  unemployed  were  met  upon  many  occasions 
and  employers  of  labor  were  counseled  with. 

It  will  be  recalled  that  during  this  winter  the  Industrial 


266  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Workers  of  the  World  and  other  radicals  threatened  to 
invade  churches,  demanding  that  they  be  used  as  lodging- 
houses.  Instead  of  waiting  for  this  invasion,  a  mass  meet- 
ing of  the  unemployed  was  called  in  the  Labor  Temple  in 
lower  New  York  in  the  heart  of  the  most  congested  section 
of  the  world,  and  the  position  of  the  church  with  regard 
to  unemployment  was  presented.  This  was  followed  by  a 
free  discussion  led  by  the  most  radical  leaders  of  labor 
in  America  who  happened  to  be  at  a  convention  in  New 
York  at  this  particular  time  and  who  adjourned  their  meet- 
ing in  the  afternoon  with  a  resolution  "to  meet  at  eight 
o'clock  at  the  Labor  Temple  to  raise  hell." 

During  this  winter  a  considerable  number  of  workshops 
were  opened  by  the  churches,  and  in  many  practical  ways 
the  needs  of  the  unemployed  were  met.  Out  of  this  experi- 
ence certain  definite  principles  were  arrived  at,  which  may 
be  of  service  to  all  the  churches  should  a  similar  occasion 
arise. 

We  were  successful  in  our  protest  —  made  to  the  State 
Industrial  Commission  of  New  York — against  the  request  of 
the  Lackawanna  Steel  Company  that  it  be  given  exemption 
from  the  law  which  demands  that  all  workingmen  should  have 
one  day's  rest  in  seven.  The  Lackawanna  Steel  Company 
desired  to  work  practically  all  of  its  7,000  men  seven  days  per 
week  continuously.  The  Federal  Council,  as  well  as  its  affili- 
ated bodies,  have  repeatedly  declared  themselves  on  this  ques- 
tion. In  this  particular  case,  it  was  not  a  matter  of  closing 
down  the  plant  on  Sunday,  but  to  so  adjust  the  operations 
or  the  work  of  individual  workingmen  that  each  worker 
would  have  one  day's  rest  in  seven. 

No  matter  what  the  commercial  reasons  for  working 
men  seven  days  per  week  may  be,  it  is  unthinkable  that 
the  church  should  tolerate  a  system  which  exalts  industry 
and  debases  man.  Even  though  powerful  corporations  may 
meet  the  arguments  of  the  political  economist  regarding 
this  matter,  they  will  still  be  compelled  to  reckon  with  the 
command  in  the  Decalogue,  "Six  days  shalt  thou  labor." 

It  is  proposed  to  vigorously  push  this  campaign  for 
one  day's  rest  in  seven  throughout  the  entire  country  in  all 
industries,  and  we  should  earnestly  seek  the  heartiest  co- 
operation of  the  laymen  throughout  the  church  in  this  task. 

Considerable     attention     has     been     given     to     open 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  267 

forums  which  have  been  organized  by  individual  churches 
or  groups  of  churches  throughout  the  country.  This 
has  been  especially  true  during  the  past  year.  At 
these  open  forums  the  problems  of  working  people 
and  those  of  the  church  were  presented  by  the  speaker, 
the  address  being  followed  by  questions  from  the 
audience.  In  this  manner  the  view-point  of  the  people  was 
revealed,  and  it  was  possible  to  frankly  meet  their  criti- 
cisms regarding  the  church  and  to  present  to  them  the 
facts  regarding  the  church's  attitude.  Undoubtedly  this 
is  one  of  the  most  important  methods  of  approach,  especial- 
ly to  men  outside  the  church  who  will  not  come  to  an 
ordinary  church  service,  but  who  will  respond  when  they 
are  given  an  opportunity  to  question  the  speaker.  It 
may  be  said  in  this  connection  that  practically  no  new 
questions  have  been  asked  in  the  past  half-dozen  years. 
This  indicates  the  comparatively  limited  circle  of  objec- 
tions being  made  against  the  church.  It  is  also  significant 
that  after  open  forum  meetings  have  been  continued  for 
even  a  comparatively  short  period  of  time,  the  discussion 
has  to  do  not  so  much  with  objections  with  the  church 
as  with  constructive  programs  which  may  be  carried  out. 

It  has  been  observed  that  when  the  average  objector, 
has  been  given  an  opportunity  to  relieve  himself  of  his 
bitterness,  his  spirit  is  usually  entirely  changed  and  he 
rarely  repeats  his  speech. 

The  church  can  afford  to  permit  itself  to  be  criticised 
in  an  open  forum  discussion  because  in  the  first  place  it  is 
absurd  to  contend  that  the  church  has  never  made  any 
mistakes  and  furthermore,  admitting  its  mistakes  and  ex- 
pressing its  regret,  it  can  afford  to  place  itself  at  the 
"mercy"  of  the  objectors.  In  other  words,  such  an  attitude 
completely  disarms  those  who  would  otherwise  continue 
to  bitterly  criticize  the  church. 

Social  service  efficiency  conferences  for  the  benefit  of 
local  ministerial  or  other  groups  have  been  conducted.  A 
number  of  publicity  conferences  have  been  organized  and 
addressed  and  practical  service  rendered  to  local  churches, 
suggestions  being  made  for  plans  and  programs  for  social 
service,  particularly  in  districts  which  are  largely  inhabited 
by  unchurched  workingmen. 


268  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

According  to  the  testimony  of  leading  statesmen,  edi- 
tors, and  social  workers,  every  important  economic,  social, 
and  political  question  must  finally  be  settled  upon  a  moral 
and  ethical  basis.  The  church  is  presumed  to  be  the  authori- 
ty upon  moral  and  ethical  principles.  It  is  therefore 
reasonable  and  logical  that  the  church  should  not  only  be 
interested  in  these  questions,  but  that  it  should  fearlessly 
declare   these   principles  as  particular  occasions   demand. 

At  the  1915  meeting  of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
Federal  Council,  I  introduced  a  resolution  through  the  Com- 
mission on  Social  Service  requesting  the  Federal  Council 
to  engage  in  a  campaign  for  the  conservation  of  human 
life.  The  document  presented  at  that  time  was  unanimously 
adopted,  and  the  administrative  committee  of  the  Council 
has  since  instructed  me  to  proceed  with  this  campaign. 

Three  million  people  in  the  United  States  are  seriously 
ill  at  any  one  time,  of  whom  500,000  are  consumptives ; 
150,000  of  the  latter  die  every  year;  300,000  suflfer  from 
typhoid  fever  and  25,000  of  these  are  sacrificed  through 
death.  Each  of  our  30,000,000  wage  earners  lose  an  average 
of  approximately  nine  days  yearly  on  account  of  illness. 
The  cost  of  medical  treatment  which  they  are  compelled 
to  pay  is  $180,000,000  annually,  and  the  wage  loss,  due 
to  sickness,  totals  $500,000,000.  30,000  are  killed  each  year 
in  industry,  and  300,000  are  seriously  injured. 

Wage  studies  show  that  the  slender  savings  of  labor 
men  are  inadequate  to  meet  the  burden  of  sickness.  It 
has  been  revealed  by  careful  investigation  that  sickness  is 
a  "serious,  disabling  condition  in  seventy-five  per  cent,  of 
the  families  in  the  care  of  the  New  York  Charity  Organiza- 
tion Society,  while  the  United  States  Immigration  Com- 
mission of  1909  states  that  sickness  was  the  apparent  cause 
of  poverty  in  thirty-eight  per  cent,  of  the  31,481  charity 
cases  studied." 

Most  of  this  misfortune  is  preventable.  Human  life  may 
be  extended  fifteen  years  in  a  single  generation  by  applying 
the  science  of  preventing  disease  and  accidents,  according 
to  experts. 

In  view  of  this  appalling  situation,  it  seems  scarcely 
necessary  to  remind  the  church  that  much  of  the  life  of 
Jesus  was  devoted  to  healing  the  sick.    "He  came  that  men 


REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SECRETARY  269 

might  have  life  and  that  they  might  have  it  more  abundant- 
ly." His  commission  to  the  Christians  of  all  times  with 
regard  to  similar  work  is  included  in  the  command,  "as  the; 
Father  hath  sent  me,  even  so  send  I  you."  If  it  is  com-; 
mendable  to  heal  those  who  are  sick,  it  must  be  still  more 
commendable  to  prevent  sickness.  If  it  is  commendable 
for  one  Christian  to  conserve  life,  it  must  be  still  more 
commendable  for  1,000  Christians  to  do  likewise  and  to  do 
it  collectively. 

It  is  upon  this  basis  that  the  campaign  for  the  con- 
servation of  human  life  is  to  be  conducted.  It  is  our  pur- 
pose to  study  the  conditions  which  lower  vitality  and 
shorten  life,  securing  the  cooperation  of  recognized  authori- 
ties and  existing  agencies,  giving  the  churches  a  positive 
program  which  will  reach  the  remotest  community.  The 
entire  campaign  would  cover  a  period  of  four  years;  the 
preliminary  period  to  be  devoted  to  surveys  of  special 
subjects  and  the  preparation  of  adequate  materials  and  the 
training  of  leaders ;  the  entire  campaign  to  be  consummated 
in  a  united  national  attack  of  a  year's  duration  upon  disease 
and  death — both  physical  and  spiritual. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Charles  Stelzle, 
FiM  Secretary  for  Special  Service. 


X. 

Report  of  the  Treasurer  for  the  Years 
1913,  1914, 1915  and  1916 

The  four  years  of  the  first  quadrennlum  from  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Federal  Council,  to  January  i,  1913,  were  years 
of  patient  and  anxious  endeavor  and  experiment,  seeking  to 
find  the  practical  working  out  of  the  ideals  of  the  founders. 

Some  of  the  plans  for  the  methods  of  work  were  tried  out, 
found  impractical,  and  abandoned,  while  a  suitable  leader  was 
sought  for  the  position  of  General  Secretary. 

During  the  last  of  those  four  years,  we  found  the  man  for 
the  position  in  Dr.  Macfarland,  who  had  been  selected  to  be 
the  Secretary  of  the  Commission  on  the  Church  and  Social 
Service.  In  the  emergency  of  Dr.  Sanford's  impaired  health, 
he  won  the  confidence  of  the  Administrative  Committee  as  the 
ideal  executive. 

Those  early  years  were  times  of  difficult  financing.  The 
support  of  the  denominational  constituents  was  gradually  de- 
veloped and  formed  a  solid  financial  background,  but  the  win- 
ning of  additional  personal  support  was  slow  and  difficult.  Dr. 
Macfarland  proved  a  master  hand  in  this,  and  the  present  quad- 
rennium  commenced  with  an  efficient  office  organization 
harmonized  by  experience.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the 
total  receipts  including  all  accounts   for  the  year  191 6  are 

$277,649.75.  ,         ,  ,  . 

The  work  of  the  Treasurer  has  been  largely  m  the  organi- 
zation of  the  accounting  department  and  watching  its  opera- 
tion. This  has  been  accomplished  in  a  way  that  has  readily 
adjusted  itself  to  the  needs  of  the  various  commissions  and 
departments  which  have  developed,  and  the  varieties  of  income 
and  expenditure  which  had  to  be  clearly  recorded  and  plainly 
accounted  for. 

The  publication,  printing,  and  multigraphing  department, 
established  two  years  ago,  has  been  kept  in  a  special  account 
by  itself,  and  the  results  show  in  this  report. 

This  department  employs  a  large  staff  for  the  service  of 
the  Federal  Council,  its  commissions,  and  a  large  number  of 
cooperating  organizations.  It  has  yielded  a  moderate  profit 
above  all  expenses. 

270 


REPORT  OF  TREASURER  271 

The  plan  of  keeping  all  accounts  in  one  office  has  worked 
for  efficiency  and  economy,  which  has  characterized  the  entire 
operations  of  the  Council,  and  a  large  amount  of  work  is 
carried  on  under  relatively  light  administrative  expense. 

The  plan  of  having  each  commission  and  department  finance 
itself,  separately,  has  proved  to  be  wise,  when  carried  on 
through  the  central  office. 

Plans  have  always  been  laid  out  with  the  provision  that  the 
funds  must  first  be  provided. 

We  commenced  the  quadrennium  with  a  deficit  of  $4,023.67, 
but  we  shall  close  it  with  a  clear  balance  to  our  credit  and  with 
office  furniture,  apparatus,  and  supplies  on  hand  fully  paid 
for,  carried  at  $5,000  and  valued  at  nearly  double  that  amount. 

We  have  the  beginning  of  a  permanent  fund  in  $1,000,  the 
gift  of  the  late  Mrs.  D.  Willis  James. 

It  has  seemed  appropriate  to  append  certain  financial  re- 
ports of  cooperating  bodies,  and  of  autonomous  committees 
appointed  by  the  Council,  for  which  the  Council  assumes  either 
a  direct  or  indirect  responsibility,  although  these  reports  are 
more  or  less  independent  and  are  given  for  their  informational 
value. 


272 


THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 


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274  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

PRINTING  AND  PUBLICATION  DEPARTMENT    ^ 

The  income  and  expenditures  of  this  department  do  not 
appear  in  the  financial  report.  We  have  only  included  in  that 
report  the  proceeds  of  that  department  after  the  payment  of 
its  expenses. 

The  following  is,  therefore,  a  statement  regarding  this  de- 
partment for  the  year  1916: 

Receipts   from  the  Federal   Council   and  cooperating 

organizations    for  work   done    $21,843.34 

Expenditures : 

Rent   $  600.00 

Wages   5,841.67 

Supplies,   postage,   etc 8,522.56 

$14,964.23 

This  department  carries  a  staff  consisting  of  superintendent, 
assistant  to  the  Treasurer,  and  ordinarily  about  twenty-five 
stenographers,  multigraph  operators,  clerks,  etc. 

WAR  RELIEF  MOVEMENT 

The  receipts  from  the  churches  for  the  War  Relief  Move- 
ment have  amounted  to  many  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dol- 
lars, but  have  been  conveyed  directly  from  the  givers  to  the 
war  relief  organizations  cooperating  with  the  Federal  Council. 
Amounts  which  have  been  received  by  the  Treasurer  have 
been  conveyed  to  these  organizations. 

RELIEF  OF  FRENCH  CHURCHES 

The  only  war  relief  account  handled  by  the  Treasurer  of 
the  Federal  Council  has  been  that  for  the  French  Protestant 
Churches.  This  fund  has  been  secured  entirely  by  the  per- 
sonal efforts  of  Dr.  Macfarland,  as  the  result  of  his  visit  to 
Europe  in  the  early  part  of  the  year. 

Amount  received  by  Rev.  Stuart  L,  Roussel, 

delegate   from  the  Union   Nationale  des 

E  g  1  i  s  e  s    Ref ormees    Evangeliques    de 

France   $23,000.00 

Amount  received  from  church  contributions.  .15,056.76 
Amount     received     from     the     Evangelical 

Alliance  800.00 

Amount  received   from  the  members   of  the 

Association  of  Evangelists  23.25 


REPORT  OF  TREASURER  275 


Amount    received    from    individual    subscrip- 
tions    44,171.90 

Conveyed  by  Dr.  Roussel  to  the  Union   Na- 
tional     $23,000.00 

325,000  francs  remitted   55,431.82 

Paid  to  the  American  Huguenot  Committee. . .  2,000.00 
Balance  on  hand   2,620.09 


$83,051.91 


$83,051.91 


AMERICAN  HUGUENOT  COMMITTEE 

The  treasurer  of  the  American  Huguenot  Committee,  Mr. 
Edmond  E.  Robert,  reports  the  following: 

Amount    received    $17,091.66 

Amount  expended   $6,265.48 

Remitted  to  Belgium  and  France  8,335.00 

Amount  on  hand  2,491.18 

$17,091.66 

COMMITTEE  OF  ONE  HUNDRED  FOR  RELIGIOUS 
WORK  AT  THE  PANAMA-PACIFIC  EXPOSITION 

The  following  report  has  been  received  from  Mr.  J.  E. 
White,  the  treasurer  of  the  Committee  of  One  Hundred: 

Amount   received    from   all   sources $45,669.75 

Disbursements     45,226.53 

In  addition  to  the  above  there  were  donations  of  labor  and 
materials  amounting  to  about  $750. 

The  exhibit  in  the  Palace  of  Education  cost  for  installation 
and  up-keep  about  $25,000,  not  included  in  the  above  report. 
Additional  congresses  held  under  the  auspices  of  the  Com- 
mittee, but  whose  funds  did  not  pass  through  their  treasury, 
raised  and  expended  about  $12,000. 

HOME  MISSIONS  COUNCIL 

The  Home  Missions  Council,  which  is  the  cooperating  com- 
mission in  Home  Mission  work  reports  through  the  treasurer, 
Mr.  Charles  H.  Baker,  the  following  receipts  and  expenditures 
for  the  quadrennium : 

1913      1914      1915      1916 

Receipts $6,988.10    $4,901.50    $5,252.51    $5,483.04 

Expenditures 5,002.09         4,856.09         6,360.21         6,430.97 


276  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

THE  RELIGIOUS  WELFARE  LEAGUE  FOR 
THE  ARMY  AND  NAVY 

Receipts  for  1916  $317.22 

Expenditures    $101.65 

Balance  on  hand   215.57 

.  $317.22 

THE    NATIONAL    TEMPERANCE    SOCIETY    AND 

PUBLICATION  HOUSE  AND  THE  COMMISSION 

ON  TEMPERANCE 

The  fiscal  year  of  the  National  Temperance  Society  begins 
and  ends  in  May,  and,  therefore,  the  report  of  this  society 
for  the  year  191 6,  January  i  to  December  31,  is  not  completely 
indicative  of  its  operations.  The  receipts  were  $8,746.34, 
and  the  disbursements  $10,403.11. 

TOTAL  FINANCIAL  REPORTS  FOR  1916 

It  is  of  interest  to  note  that  the  amounts  passing  through 
the  various  offices  in  19 16  were  as  follows : 

Federal  Council,  commissions  and  depart- 
ments     $189,498.47 

Publication  and  Printing  Department  (in 
addition  to  proceeds  reported  in  the 
regular  account)    14,964.23 

French   Protestant  Churches   83,051.91 

War  Relief   Movement    54,870.54 

American  Huguenot  Committee   17,091.66 

Special   subscriptions    for   war   relief    which 

have  been  conveyed  to  the  societies 9,426.60 

National  Temperance  Society    8,746.34 

$277,649.75 

The  accounts  are  audited  each  year  by  a  certified  public 
accountant. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Alfred  R.  Kimball,  Treasurer, 


XI. 

Report  of  the  Religious  Press  Conference 

The  Religious  Press  Conference  met  at  the  King's  High- 
way Presbyterian  Church  on  Tuesday  afternoon,  December 
5,  19 16.  The  Conference  organized  by  electing  Rev.  David 
M.  Sweets,  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  as  Chairman,  and  Rev.  Howard 
B.  Grose,  of  Boston,  as  Secretary. 

"Denominationally  Owned  vs.  Privately  Owned  Religious 
Newspapers." 

1.  Denominationally  Owned  Religious  Newspapers. 
Claudius  B.  Spencer,  Editor  the  Central  Christian 

Advocate. 

2.  Privately  Owned  Religious  Newspapers. 
Oliver  R.  Williamson,  Publisher  the  Continent. 

"The  Church  Paper  as  a  Preacher  of  Righteousness." 

Rolfe  Cobleigh,  Associate  Editor  the  Congregation- 
alist. 

"The  Church  Paper  as  a  Leader  of  Thought," 
Howard  B.  Grose,  Editor  Missions. 

"Financial  Problems  of  a  Religious  Newspaper." 

1.  Circulation. 

Dan  B.  Brummitt,  Editor  the  Epworth  Herald, 

2.  Advertising. 

A  general  discussion. 
All  the  subjects  were  treated  practically,  and  there  was  no 
lack  of  point  and  interest  in  the  discussions. 

The  members  of  the  conference  dined  together  at  the 
Mercantile  Club,  with  Dr.  Joy  as  toastmaster,  and  the  evening 
was  spent  in  informal  speechmaking  and  fraternal  intercourse. 
The  conference  discussed  freely  the  relations  of  the  church 
press  to  the  Federal  Council,  and  the  sentiment  was  hearty 
and  general  that  as  close  cooperation  as  possible  should  be 
maintained.  The  feeling  found  expression  in  the  following 
action : 

The   Federal   Council    represents   the   constituent   de- 
nominations in  their  cooperative  work.  The  church  press 

277 


278  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

IS  the  essential  agency  by  which  church  news  is  brought 
to  the  members  of  the  churches.    The  relationship  of  the 
Federal  Council  and  the  church  press  is  therefore  neces- 
sarily intimate;  and  news  of  the  work  of  the  Federal  Coun- 
cil should  be  regarded  as  vital  church  news. 
The  Religious  Press  Conference  requests  the  Federal  Coun- 
cil to  appoint  a  committee  of  six,  for  the  purpose  of  investi- 
gating the  present  and  possible  effectiveness  of  the  church 
press  as  an  agency  of  the  church;  said  committee  to  consist 
of  three  members  nominated  by  the  Federal  Council  and  three 
members  nominated  by  the  Religious  Press  Conference;  and 
to  report  to  the  next  annual  meeting  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  Council.     To  this  committee,  which  shall  serve 
until  the  meeting  of  1920,  shall  be  committed  the  responsi- 
bility of  arranging  for  conferences  of  the  church  press   in 
connection  with  the  executive  and  general  meetings  of  the 
Federal  Council.    If  this  committee  is  appointed,  the  Confer- 
ence nominates  as  members  O.  R.  Williamson  of  the  Continent, 
Rolfe  Cobleigh  of  the  Congregationalist,  and  Dr.  J.  R.  Joy  of 
the  Christian  Advocate,  New  York. 

The  conference  appointed  a  committee  of  three,  consisting 
of  Rev.  James  E.  Clarke,  Rev.  Curtis  Lee  Laws,  and  Dr.  J.  R. 
Joy,  to  confer  with  the  officers  of  the  Federal  Council  regard- 
ing a  more  efficient  news  service. 

David  M.  Sweets,  Chairman 

Howard  B.  Grose,  Recording  Secretary 


xn. 

Report  of  the  Committee  on  Publicity 

The  Committee  on  Publicity  presents  the  following  report : 
^  The  committee  was  appointed  by  the  Administrative  Com- 
mittee  in  April,   191 5,   in  response  to  a  wide  and   insistent 
demand  for  some  medium  that  should  gather  and  disseminate, 
in  reliable  form,  the  religious  news  of  the  world.    A  thorough 
study  was  made  of  the  situation  and  possibilities,  and  a  full 
detailed  report  of  a  proposed   religious  publicity  bureau  or 
service  was  made  to  the  Executive  Committee  in  Columbus. 
This  report,  which  will  be  found  in  the  Annual  Report  for 
191 5,    was    approved    by    the    Executive    Committee,    which 
adopted  the  following  resolution  (P.  75  of  Annual  Report)  : 
''Resolved,  That  the  Executive  Committee  approve  the 
report  of  the  Committee  on  Publicity  and  the  steps  thus  far 
taken  to  carry  out  the  project  of  establishing  a  bureau  that 
shall  secure  the  widest  publicity  in  the  secular  and  religious 
press  for  the  religious  news  of  the  world;  and  that  the 
Executive  Committee  empower  the  Administrative  Com- 
mittee to  proceed  with   its   efforts  to  make  possible  the 
realization  of  the  plans  presented  by  the  Committee  on 
Publicity,   and  submit   its  report  to  the  Federal  Council 
at  the  next  quadrennial  meeting." 

In  accordance  with  this  resolution,  the  Administrative  Com- 
mittee continued  its  Publicity  Committee,  which  now  reports 
progress. 

Without  going  into  as  full  detail  as  in  the  report  made 
at  Columbus,  in  a  matter  of  such  great  importance  to  the 
extension  of  religious  influence,  it  is  proper  that  the  Council 
should  know  the  general  outline  of  the  work  proposed  by  the 
new  department  when  thoroughly  organized.  The  following 
is  presented,  with  the  qualifying  statement  that  it  is  not  ex- 
pected to  do  all  that  is  proposed  in  a  month  or  a  year.  Such 
a  work  must  begin  and  grow — the  rapidity  of  development 
depending  upon  the  raising  of  the  required  budget. 

The  name  proposed  for  the  new  department  is  Religious 
Publicity  Service. 

279 


280  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

The  main  service  features  should  include: 

1.  An  adequate  news  service  for  national  publicity,  and 
for  local  publicity  in  special  campaigns.  Also  feature 
stories  and  special  articles  written  by  authorities  on 
religious  and  sociological  subjects. 

The  service  would  furnish  religious  papers  with 
high-grade  articles  and  serve  them  as  mediums  for  news 
exchange.  It  would  expect  to  prepare  articles  regu- 
larly for  250  weekly  and  monthly  papers  read  by  mil- 
lions of  working  people.  It  would  encourage  the 
establishment  of  religious  departments  by  daily  news- 
papers, to  be  conducted  by  newspaper  men  familiar  with 
the  work  of  the  church. 

In  addition  to  this  it  would  be  prepared  to  supply 
service  for  national  religious  bodies  both  in  reporting  and 
in  advising  regarding  the  best  methods  of  securing  pub- 
licity for  annual  meetings  or  for  other  special  occa- 
sions. 

2.  The  service  proposes  to  establish  a  statistical  department 
for  the  accumulation  of  material  dealing  with  nation- 
wide problems  of  interest;  to  maintain  an  art  depart- 
ment for  the  collection  of  photographs  and  other 
illustrative  material ;  to  edit  a  "Who's  Who"  in  religious 
work  for  the  information  of  newspapers  and  for  general 
publicity  purposes ;  and  to  organize  a  general  informa- 
tion bureau  regarding  religious  work,  to  be  freely 
available  to  all  who  desire  to  use  it. 

If  found  necessary  in  order  to  get  the  Council  news 
to  the  constituency,  it  would  publish  a  house  organ  for 
the  Federal  Council,  to  be  used  as  the  house  organs  of 
business  concerns  are  used. 

3.  The  organization  calls  for  a  general  advisory  council 
composed  of  newspaper  men,  leaders  in  national  re- 
ligious work,  and  pastors  of  local  churches ;  an  editorial 
council  consisting  of  experienced  writers  and  publicity 
experts ;  and  a  general  director,  with  such  editorial  and 
other  office  assistance  as  may  be  necessary. 

It  is  estimated  that  a  budget  of  at  least  $12,000  a 
year  will  be  required  to  set  up  the  Service  with  ef- 
ficiency. Of  course,  sources  of  income  will  be  de- 
veloped, as  from  service  for  national  bodies  and  local 


REPORT  OF  PUBLICITY  COMMITTEE  ^81 

organizations,  feature  stories  in  newspapers,  syndicated 
material,  and  sustaining  memberships. 

The  service  proposed,  aside  from  the  news  gathering 
and  distributing  department,  would  of  course  be  paid 
for  by  those  desiring  and  using  it — ^the  advantage  to 
conventions    and     organizations    being    that    greatly 
superior  facilities  would  be  afforded  at  a  cost  price, 
since  the  service  would  seek  maintenance  and  not  profit. 
In  conclusion  your  Committee  would  report  that  this  Re- 
ligious Publicity  Service  is  not  an  irridescent  dream  or  any 
other  kind  of  dream,  but  a  carefully  studied  plan  along  lines 
proved  to  be  practicable.     Much  news  has  already  been  sent 
out  by  the  temporary  Publicity  Department  of  the  Federal 
Council,  though  necessarily  limited  to  its  own  activities.     To 
those  who  may  naturally  wonder  why  more  has  not  been 
done  in  the  past  year  to  set  up  the  Service  in  full  running 
order,  the  answer  is  that  such  an  institution  cannot  be  estab- 
lished over  night ;  that  the  securing  of  the  necessary  relation- 
ships for  source  of  supplies  requires  time  and  tact;  and  that 
no  broad-minded  and  large-visioned  man  with  bulging  pocket- 
book  has  yet  said,  "I  see  the  bigness  and  business  sense  of 
this  proposed  Service.     Go  ahead,  and  call  on  me  for  your 
budget  requirements  for  five  years  to  come."     If  he  appears 
to-day,  look  out  for  news  to-morrow. 

The  Committee  recommends  that  the  Federal  Council  en- 
dorse the  action  of  the  Executive  Committee,  and  empower 
the  Administrative  Committee  to  go  forward  with  the  plans 
outlined  as  rapidly  as  in  its  discretion  may  seem  practicable. 
Should  this  recommendation  be  adopted,  the  Publicity  Com- 
mittee expects  that  the  results  will  appear  continually  in  the 
public  press,  rather  than  in  further  formal  reports. 
Howard  B.  Grose 
J.  E.  McAfee 
Fred  B.   Smith 
William    I.   Haven, 
Frederick  Lynch 
C.   S.   Macfarland,   ex'oMcio 

Committee 


xm. 

Report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Four  Hundredth 
Anniversary  of  the  Protestant  Reformation 

The  committee  respectfully  reports  to  the  Federal  Council 
that  it  was  constituted  upon  nomination  by  constituent  bodies, 
by  the  Administrative  Committee  of  the  Council  and  that 
the  appointment  was  confirmed  by  the  Executive  Committee. 

The  first  meeting  was  held  at  the  offices  of  the  Federal 
Council  in  New  York  City  on  Monday,  October  30,  1916, 
Rev.  David  S.  Schaff  being  chairman  of  this  meeting  and 
Rev.  H.  R.  Gold,  Secretary.  Other  meetings  have  been  held 
and  an  executive  committee  has  been  appointed.  It  appears 
that  fourteen  of  the  constituent  churches  of  the  Council  have 
already  appointed  committees  to  act  on  this  important  matter, 
and  these  committees  are  already  either  cooperating  or  in 
correspondence  with  reference  to  cooperation. 

The  committee  was  authorized  to  act  in  accordance  with 
the  following  provisions: 

1.  To  secure  as  far  as  possible  the  cooperation  of  all  de- 
nominations represented  in  the  Federal  Council  and  other 
Evangelical  Protestant  Churches. 

2.  To  seek  the  coordination  of  the  denominational  move- 
ments celebrating  the  Quadri-Centennial  of  the  Protestant 
Reformation. 

3.  To  arrange  for  a  joint  celebration  at  one  or  more  great 
centers  to  be  held  as  near  to  October  31,  1917,  as  may  be 
possible. 

4.  To  secure  funds  to  carry  out  the  purpose  of  this  resolu- 
tion. 

Inasmuch  as  the  appointment  of  the  committee  has  been 

so  recent,  there  has  not  been  time  as  yet  to  prepare  a  plan  of 

cooperation,  or  to  take  up  the  details  of  the  celebration. 

The  committee  submits  the  following  for  adoption: 

Whereas,  The  Four   Hundredth   Anniversary  of   the   Protestant 

Reformation  ©f  the  sixteenth  century  takes  place  on  October  31,  1917, 

282 


REFORMATION  ANNIVERSARY  REPORT  283 

the  date  of  the  nailmg  of  ninety-five  theses  by  Martin  Luther,  on  the 
door  of  the  cathedral  at  Wittenberg,  Germany,  and 

Whereas,  The  Reformation  movement  spread  speedily  to  France, 
Holland,  England,  Scotland,  and  Scandinavia,  and  in  particular  found 
expression  in  the  life-work  of  the  Reformers,  Ulrich  Zwingli,  John 
Calvin,  William  Tyndale,  Archbishop  Cranmer,  John  Knox,  and  others, 
and 

Whereas,  The  influence  of  the  Reformation  has  controlled  the 
national  life  of  many  peoples  and  resulted  on  all  the  continents  in 
great  moral  and  spiritual  progress,  and 

Whereas,  The  most  notable  political  development  of  the  Reforma- 
tion has  been  and  is  the  republic  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
therefore,  be  it  Resolved-' 

1.  That  the  Federal  Council  commends  to  all  the  constituent 
churches,  that  have  not  already  so  done,  the  appointment  of  com- 
mittees to  cooperate  in  securing  a  nation-wide  celebration  of  this 
greatest  event  of  modem  history. 

2.  That  this  committee  be  authorized  to  have  charge,  in  be- 
half of  the  Federal  Council,  of  the  general  movement  for  the 
celebration  of  the  anniversary,  with  a  view  to  securing  its  general 
observance,  and  also  coordinating  the  work  of  the  several  church 
committees. 

3.  That  the  date  for  the  anniversary  in  all  the  churches  be 
as  near  to  October  31,  1917,  as  may  be  practicable. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

William  H.  Roberts, 

Chairman 


XIV. 

Conference  on  Interdenominational,  Non- 
Denominational,     and     Related 
Denominational  Organizations 

A  Conference  of  organizations  engaged  in  various  forms 
of  community  work  was  held  at  the  Second  Baptist  Church, 
St.  Louis,  Missouri,  December  5  and  6,  1916.  This  Confer- 
ence was  convened  by  the  Commission  on  Federated  Move- 
ments at  the  suggestion  of  various  participating  organizations. 
Ninety  delegates  were  enrolled,  representing  the  following 
named  bodies: 

American  Sunday  School  Union 

Baptist  Young  People's  Union  ' 

Brotherhood  of  Andrew  and  Phillip 
Brotherhood  of  St.  Andrew 
Council  of  Women  for  Home  Missions 
Disciples  of  Christ 
Epworth  League 
Home  Missions  Council 

International  Committee  of  Young  Men's  Christian  Associations 
International  Sunday  School  Association 
Laymen's  Missionary  Movement 

National  Board  of  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Associations 
Sunday  School  Council  of  Evangelical  Denominations 
United   Society  of   Christian  Endeavor 
Missionary  Education  Movement 

Organized   Adult   Bible   Class   and   Brotherhood   Departments  of 
the  following  named  denominations:  Baptist,   Congregational, 
Methodist  Episcopal,  Presbyterian  in  United  States  of  Amer- 
ica, United  Brethren,  United  Presbyterian. 
The  following  officers  were  elected: 
Fred  B.  Smith,  Chairman 
Rev.  WiUiam  A.   Brown,   Secretary. 
Mr.  Smith  stated  that  the  object  of  the  Conference  was  to 
develop  the  fellowship  of  those  whose  work  was  closely  re- 
lated.    This  was  to  be  done  by  having  each  society  present 

284 


INTERDENOMINATIONAL  MOVEMENTS  285 

its  field  of  work  by  printed  report,  by  exhibit  and  by  oral 
statement.  For  the  sake  of  making  the  Conference  of  value 
for  future  work,  the  following  Committee  on  Suggestions  was 
chosen : 

Joseph  E.  McAfee,  Chairman 

Rev.  Charles  W.  Brewbaker 

John  M.  Glenn 

Miss  Louise  E.  Holmquist 

William  Hamilton 

Harry  Wade  Hicks 

William  B.  Millar 

Dr.  John  R.  Mott 

Rev.   Worth   M.   Tippy 

Miss  Elizabeth  B.  Vermilye 
During  the  two  days  the  reports  on  the  activities  of  the 
societies  represented  were  made. 

First  Session,  Tuesday  Morning,  December  5,  1916 
Marion   Lawrance,   General   Secretary,   outlined  the  work 
of  the  International  Sunday  School  Association. 

John  L.  Alexander,  Superintendent  of  the  Secondary  Divi- 
sion of  the  International  Sunday  School  Association  discussed 
the  work  of  the  Association,  basing  his  remarks  upon  the 
booklet  "Half  a  Century  of  Growth  and  Service." 

Mr.  Lawrance  emphasized  the  purpose  of  the  Association's 
desire  to  cooperate  fully  and  heartily  with  every  other  organi- 
zation for  the  extension  of  the  Kingdom. 

Rev.  George  T.  Webb  presented  the  work  of  the  Sunday 
School  Council  of  Evangelical  Denominations.  The  twenty- 
eight  denominations  holding  representation  in  the  Council  are 
represented  by  the  Sunday  School  Editors,  Publishers,  and 
Secretaries  officially  elected  by  their  various  official  denomina- 
tional bodies.  One  major  activity  of  the  Council  has  been  the 
construction  of  a  new  and  more  representative  Lesson  Com- 
mittee. The  Council  has  also  sought  to  standardize  Teacher 
Training,  leaving  the  preparation  of  courses  always  to  the 
denominations.  Great  Sunday-school  progress  has  been  made 
in  the  five  years  of  the  life  of  the  Council. 

Dr.  Webb  stated  that  there  were  no  particular  problems 
in  cooperation  before  the  Sunday  School  Council  at  this  time, 
and  further,  the  spirit  of  cooperation  among  the  denomina 
tions  in  the  Council  is  growing  all  the  while,  looking  toward 
a  unified  leadership  in  the  Sunday-school. 


286  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL  ! 

Rev.  E.  W.  Rice  presented  the  work  of  the  American  1 
Sunday  School  Union  as  an  outgrowth  of  a  number  of  prior  | 
organizations  in  191 7,  chartered  in  1845,  with  headquarters  in  1 
Philadelphia.    Objects:  j 

1.  To  cultivate  unity  and  Christian  charity. 

2.  To  concentrate  the  work  of  the  Sabbath-school! 
Societies. 

3.  Ta  publish  and  circulate  literature  on  an  evangelical  \ 
base.  1 

4.  To  plant  a  Sunday-school  in  every  needy  population  : 
in  the  country.  >. 
Robert  Lewis  of  Cleveland  led  the  Conference  in  prayer  i 

for  the  Sunday-school  movement  of  the  land  and  for  complete  \ 
understanding  and  correlation,  that  the  childhood  of  thej 
nation  may  know  Jesus  Christ.  1 

Daniel  A.  Poling  spoke  for  the  United  Society  of  Christian  • 
Endeavor,  explaining  the  plan  of  organization  of  the  Society^ 
and  its  scope  of  work.  i 

Dr.  W.  F.  Sheridan,  General  Secretary,  spoke  for  the  Ep-  \ 
worth  League,  the  official  Young  People's  Society  of  the! 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  and  the  Methodist  Episcopal ; 
Church,  South.  The  principles  of  the  Leagues  are  the  samei 
in  both  churches  with  separate  organizations.  ^ 

James  A.  White  spoke  for  the  Baptist  Young  People's: 
Union  of  America.  \ 

The  question  was  raised  as  to  the  possibility  of  federating- 
denominational  organizations  of  Young  People's  Societies  in* 
interdenominational  organizations.  \ 

Rev.  Peter  Ainslie  led  in  prayer  and  pronounced  the  bene-; 
diction.  ; 

Second  Session,  Tuesday,  December  5,  1916  j 

Second  session  called  to  order  at  2  P.  M.  by  the  Chairman,] 
Mr.  Smith. 

Harry  Wade  Hicks,  General  Secretary,  spoke  for  the  Mis-; 
sionary  Education  Movement,  outlining  the  plan  of  organiza-j 
tion  and  scope  of  work.  J 

For  the  Council  of  Women  for  Home  Missions,  Miss  E.  B.] 
Vermilye,  as  representative  of  the  Council,  spoke  of  its  plans  j 
and  purposes.  \ 

W.  B.  Millar,  General  Secretary,  spoke  for  the  work  of  thej 
Lraymen's  Missionary  Movement.  \ 


INTERDENOMINATIONAL  MOVEMENTS  287 

Mr.  Poling  presented  the  foreign  missionary  work  of  the 
United  Society  of  Christian  Endeavor,  telHng  of  eight  foreign 
secretaries  and  twenty-two  native  workers  and  of  the  plans 
for  increased  missionary  support  and  life-recruit  service. 

Dr.  Sheridan  emphasized  the  plans  for  Missionary  Educa- 
tion through  the  Sunday  meeting  topics  and  study  courses, 
and  in  summer  institutes,  coming  to  a  climax  in  the  life-decision 
service  in  institutes  and  conventions. 

Mr.  Hicks  suggested  the  possibility  of  a  conference  of 
leaders  of  movements  in  which  life-decisions  are  urged. 
Representatives  of  various  agencies  signified  their  desire  for 
such  a  conference. 

Fletcher  S.  Brockman  led  the  Conference  in  prayer  in  the 
light  of  the  missionary  opportunity  and  need  of  the  world. 

Miss  Louise  E.  Holmquist  spoke  of  the  Young  Women's 
Christian  Association. 

Rev.  Charles  L.  Thompson,  Chairman  of  the  Home  Mis- 
sions Council,  spoke  for  the  work  of  the  Council  and  of  the 
growth  of  the  spirit  of  unity  in  effort  in  Home  Mission  fields. 

Third  Session,  Tuesday,  December  5,  1916 

Supper  session  of  the  Conference  met  about  the  tables  in 
the  dining-room  of  the  Second  Baptist  Church  at  6.30.  Mr. 
Smith  in  the  chair. 

Rev.  Roy  B.  Guild  reported  on  the  work  of  the  local  church 
federations,  covering  the  progress  in  recent  months  in  the 
close  survey  of  a  hundred  federations,  and  the  later  visit  to 
twenty-five  cities  in  the  West,  leading  to  the  organization  of 
local  federations  with  executive  secretaries. 

Dr.  John  R.  Mott  addressed  the  Conference  on  "Christian 
Cooperation,"  outlining  "Principles  to  Guide  Cooperative  Re- 
lations." 

PRINCIPLES  TO  GUIDE  IN  THE  COOPERATIVE 
RELATIONS  OF  CHRISTIAN  ORGANIZATIONS 

I.  To  recognize  the  headship  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 

II.  To  honor  the  independence,  individuality,  and  auton- 
omy of  the  Christian  agencies  concerned. 

III.  Each  of  the  agencies  concerned  should  have  a  clearly 
defined  field  and  function,  as  defined  by  itself. 

IV.  Where  one  agency  is  occupying  and  cultivating  a 
given  field  and  gives  promise  of  doing  so  with  increasing  ac- 


288  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

ceptance,  no  other  agency  should  undertake  to  occupy  the  field 
or  to  parallel  the  existing  organization  or  its  activities. 

V.  In  determining  the  sphere  in  which  there  should  be 
cooperation  between  two  or  more  agencies,  due  regard  should 
be  paid :  ( i )  to  the  meeting  of  some  admitted  need  or  a  real 
crisis;  (2)  to  attaining  an  object  that  is  well  worth  while; 
(3)  to  obviating  regrettable  waste ;  (4)  to  the  accomplishment 
of  results  which  cannot  be  secured  as  well  if  at  all  by  these 
agencies  working  separately. 

VI.  Among  independent  Christian  organizations  the  in- 
viting of  cooperation  or  the  accepting  of  invitations  to  co- 
operate must  be  purely  voluntary,  as  contrasted  with  having 
some  outside  body  attempt  to  enforce  such  cooperation. 

VII.  To  simplify  the  machinery  of  cooperation  to  its 
lowest  terms. 

VIII.  Recognize  that  the  devised  cooperation  involves  an 
identification  of  interests ;  regular,  thorough,  and  timely  con- 
sultation on  the  part  of  the  leaders  of  the  organizations  con- 
cerned ;  mutual  consent  as  to  such  policies  and  methods  as  are 
of  common  concern ;  and  whole-hearted  endeavor  to  carry  out 
the  plans  upon  which  there  has  been  agreement. 

IX.  Let  the  leaders  be  on  their  guard  with  reference  to 
the  things  in  their  own  lives  which  injure  cooperation  and 
which  make  impossible  real  spiritual  unity;  for  example, 
ignorance  and  prejudice,  hazy  thinking  and  vague  statement, 
jealousy,  selfish  ambition,  distrust,  lack  of  frankness,  and  other 
sins  of  the  tongue,  political  scheming  or  finesse,  disloyalty. 

Mr.  Poling  closed  the  round-table  conference  with  prayer. 

Fourth  Session,  Tuesday,  December  5,  1916 
Mr.  McAfee  then  made  the  preliminary  report  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Suggestions. 

Fifth  Session,  Wednesday,  December  6,  1916 
The  Conference  met  at  9.30  A.  M.  with  Mr.  Smith  in  the 

chair. 

Rev.   Henry  A.   Atkinson   spoke   for  the   Congregational 

Brotherhood,  outlining  its  program  of  work  as  follows: 

1.  Some  type  of  organization  for  men  in  every  church. 

2.  A  men's  Bible  Class  in  every  Sunday-school  in  every 
church. 

3.  A  worth-while  program  in  every  men's  organiza- 
tion. 


INTERDENOMINATIONAL  MOVEMENTS  289 

4.     The  fullest  cooperation  of  the  men  with  men  of 

other  organizations  in  the  community. 

Rev.  Samuel  Z.  Batten  spoke  for  the  Baptist  Brotherhood. 

Rev.  Edgar  Blake  spoke  for  the  brotherhood  work  in  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  outlining  the  unified  program  of 
the  Brotherhood  and  Bible  Class  movement  of  the  Sunday- 
school,  and  addressed  the  conference  on  the  advisability  of  a 
continuing  of  the  Commission  of  this  body. 

Mr.  McAfee  as  chairman,  reported  for  the  Committee  on 
Suggestions.  After  a  full  and  careful  discussion,  the  following 
report  was  adopted : 

REPORT  OF  COMMMITTEE  ON  SUGGESTIONS 

Our  Unity  of  Spirit  and  Purpose 

The  representatives  of  these  religious  agencies  of  the 
United  States  and  Canada,  assembled  in  conference  in  the 
City  of  St.  Louis,  December  5  and  6,  19 16,  loyally  renew 
their  devotion  to  the  common  cause  of  bringing  in  the  kingdom 
of  God  in  the  spirit  and  power  of  Jesus  Christ;  they  invoke 
anew  the  blessing  of  God  upon  those  indissoluble  bonds  which 
imite  them  and  their  several  agencies  in  spirit  and  purpose; 
and  these  agencies,  through  their  representatives  here  as- 
sembled pledge  to  each  other,  as  they  have  through  their 
oHicial  acts  repeatedly  pledged  themselves,  to  that  degree  of 
cooperation  in  all  their  activities  which  shall  best  promote 
the  efficient  discharge  of  the  functions  of  each  and  the  further- 
ance of  their  common  program  of  endeavor. 

Conference  Action  Advisory  Only 

The  following  suggestions  are  understood  not  to  be  bind- 
ing upon  organizations  here  represented,  nor  upon  other  agen- 
cies, nor  are  they  intended  to  interfere  with  the  freedom  of 
initiative  and  administration  of  any.  The  suggestions  embody 
only  the  united  opinion  of  those  who  have  unofficially  as- 
sembled for  the  consideration  of  matters  of  common  interest. 

Scope  and  Function  of  Commission 

1.  The  conference  suggests  that  the  name  of  the  Com- 
mission on  Federated  Movements  be  changed  to  "The  Com- 
mission on  Interchurch  Federations.     (State  and  Local)." 

2.  That  the  chief  and  distinctive  function  of  this  com- 
mission be  the  formation  and  strengthening  of  state  and  local 


290  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

federations  or  councils  of  churches,  and  the  facilitating  of 
helpful  intercommunication. 

3.  That  the  service  of  this  commission  be  placed  at  the 
disposal  of  the  various  denominational  and  interdenominational 
movements  of  the  evangelical  churches,  especially  to  further 
cooperative  relations  between  any  or  all  of  these  agencies  as 
may  be  requested  by  them. 

4.  Tnat  the  members  of  this  commission  be  selected  with- 
out reference  to  their  being  regarded  as  representatives,  official 
or  unofficial,  of  the  several  movements  or  agencies. 

Further  Unofficial  Conferences 

1.  The  conference  suggests  that  from  time  to  time  there 
should  be  conferences  of  representatives  of  the  several  inter- 
denominational and  related  denominational  and  non-denomina-. 
tional  religious  agencies  of  the  United  States  and  Canada  for 
the  unofficial  consideration  of  matters  of  common  interest. 

2.  The  conference  suggests  that  it  be  left  to  the  chief 
executive  officers  of  the  organizations  concerned,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  the  Commission  on  Interchurch  Federations  to  de- 
termine when  such  conferences  shall  be  held  and  to  make 
proper  arrangements  for  them. 

3.  In  making  these  suggestions  it  is  recognized  that  in 
the  future,  as  in  the  past,  smaller  groups  of  agencies  repre- 
sented in  this  conference  having  common  interests  should 
continue  to  meet  for  consultation  as  their  mutual  interests 
may  make  desirable  and  as  called  together  by  their  own  execu- 
tive officers. 

4.  It  is  further  the  opinion  of  this  conference  that  there 
is  no  sufficient  occasion  for  the  formation  of  an  official  federa- 
tion of  the  agencies  represented  in  the  conference. 

Calendar  of  Regional  Religious  Conventions 

In  view  of  the  increasing  number  of  conventions,  confer- 
ences, and  similar  gatherings,  which  are  being  set  up  in  local 
communities  by  national  or  other  general  religious  organiza- 
tions, coming  frequently  too  close  together,  it  is  suggested  that 
the  services  of  the  Commission  on  Interchurch  Federations  be 
offered  to  these  organizations  and  communities  for  the  purpose 
of  calendaring  and  bulletining  these  gatherings,  in  so  far  as 
that  may  seem  desirable  and  possible. 


INTERDENOMINATIONAL  MOVEMENTS  291 

Principles  of  Cooperative  Relations 
It  Is  suggested  to  the  Commission  on  Interchurch  Federa- 
tions that  it  pubhsh  separately  the  accompanying  statement  of 
principles  presented  by  Dr.  Mott  in  the  course  of  his  address 
at  the  fellowship  supper  of  the  conference,  and  that  copies 
be  made  available  to  leaders  of  religious  agencies  of  the 
United  States  and  Canada. 

Interchange  of  Literature 
It  is  suggested  to  the  Commission  on  Interchurch  Federa- 
tions that  it  promote  plans  which  shall  facilitate  such  inter- 
change of  the  literature  of  the  religious  agencies  represented 
in  the  conference  as  shall  be  of  the  best  service  to  each. 

Location  of  Offices  of  Religious  Agencies 

1.  It  is  suggested  that  the  local  religious  agencies  of  a 
given  city  consider  the  location  of  their  central  offices  in  the 
same  building  or  in  such  physical  relation  as  shall  facilitate 
fellowship  and  community  cooperation. 

2.  To  those  international,  national,  state,  provincial,  or 
regional  religious  agencies  whose  headquarters  may  be  located 
in  a  given  city,  it  is  in  like  manner  suggested  that  they  consider 
the  location  of  thej^r  offices  in  the  same  building  or  in  such 
physical  relation  as  shall  facilitate  fellowship  and  cooperation. 

Parallel  National  Convention 
This  conference  would  raise  the  question  whether  the  time 
has  not  arrived  to  consider  the  holding  within  a  few  years  of 
parallel  conventions  of  the  organizations  represented  in  this 
gathering  in  some  selected  city  when  they  might  come  together 
for  a  portion  of  the  time  for  a  great  combined  convention  that 
would  impress  all  our  people  and  the  whole  world  with  the 
spirit  of  unity  and  cooperation  existing  among  the  Christian 
forces  of  the  continent. 

We  would  suggest  that  the  Federal  Council  be  asked  to  in- 
stitute after  the  close  of  the  war  an  inquiry  among  the  execu- 
tive officers  of  all  the  agencies  concerned  as  to  the  wisdom 
and  feasibility  of  such  a  plan. 

If  this  thorough  inquiry  reveals  the  fact  that  there  is  a 
general  consensus  among  the  Christian  movements  concerned 
in  favor  of  this  plan,  it  is  suggested  that  the  executive  officers 
of  these  organizations,  in  conjunction  with  the  Administra- 
tive Committee  of  the  Federal  Council  and  the  Commission 


29g  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

on  Interchurch  Federations,  perfect  the  plan  and  make  all 
necessary  arrangements. 

OUTSTANDING  IMPRESSIONS 
The  statements  to  which  the  conference  has  listened  have 
given  and  deepened  the  following  impressions: 

1.  Never  before  were  so  great  and  promising  the  desire 
for  and  degree  of  cooperation  among  related  groups  of  re- 
ligious agencies,  and  in  the  large  among  all. 

2.  Highly  commendable  is  the  movement  on  the  part  of 
the  Sunday-schools  and  young  people's  societies  through  their 
denominational  and  interdenominational  agencies  to  achieve  a 
clearer  understanding  of  their  relation  to  each  other  and  to 
accomplish,  where  practicable,  a  uniform  program  of  religious 
education  and  service. 

3.  Keenly  gratifying  is  the  thoroughness  with  which  the 
associations  for  young  men  and  young  women  are  restudying 
their  task,  reordering  their  already  highly  efficient  methods  in 
fuller  adaptation  to  to-day's  spiritual  issues,  and  thereby  more 
and  more  largely  justifying  their  aspiration  to  be  the  right  arm 
of  the  church  in  a  ministry  to  the  whole  life  of  young  men  and 
young  women. 

4.  Deeply  significant  is  the  missionary  impulse  and  out- 
reach which  distinguish  the  agencies  represented  in  the  con- 
ference, revealing  a  consciousness  of  burden  for  the  spiritual 
destiny  of  a  war-riven  world,  and  of  its  sufficient  redemption 
only  in  the  power  of  Jesus  Christ  and  in  the  human  brother- 
hood for  which  he  gave  himself  to  the  uttermost. 


Moved  and  seconded  that  we  adjourn  with  hearty  ap- 
preciation to  the  chairman  for  the  courteous  and  capable  man- 
ner in  which  he  has  presided  at  the  conference.    Carried. 
Mr.  Studer  and  Mr.  Weir  led  in  prayer. 
Dr.  Sheridan  pronounced  the  benediction. 
Conference  adjourned  sine  die  at  12.10  P.  M. 

(Signed)     Fred  B.  Smith,  Chairman 

William  A.  Brown,  Secretary 


XV. 

Minutes  of  the  Conference  of  Theological 
Seminaries 


MORNING  SESSION 
Tuesday,  December  5,  1916 


The  meeting  was  called  to  order  by  Dean  Tillett  at  9.50 
A.  M. 

Prayer  was  offered  by  President  W.  H.  Landon  of  the 
San  Francisco  Theological  Seminary. 

Professor  B.  S.  Winchester  was  appointed  Secretary  pro 
tempore. 

Fourteen  representatives  of  seminaries  were  present  at  the 
opening  of  the  session.     Others  entered  later. 

Dean  W.  F.  Tillett  was  elected  Chairman. 

Professor  George  A.  Coe  was  elected  Secretary. 

Chairman  Tillett  then  read  a  statement  concerning  the 
origin  and  the  program  of  this  conference. 

In  the  unavoidable  absence  of  President  George  B.  Stewart, 
Chairman  of  the  Joint  Commission  of  the  Federal  Council  and 
the  Conference  of  Representatives  of  Theological  Seminaries, 
the  Report  of  these  bodies  upon  "Social  Teaching  in  Theo- 
logical Seminaries"  was  read  by  the  Secretary.  See  pp. 
143-150  of  the  Report  of  the  Commission  on  Christian  Educa- 
tion. 

Moved  and  seconded  that  the  Report  be  accepted  and  that 
this  conference  hereby  express  its  appreciation  of  the  work 
done  by  the  Joint  Commission  and  the  Conference  and  by  their 
chairman.  In  the  discussion  that  followed,  each  of  the  follow- 
ing points  was  mentioned  by  one  or  another  speaker : 

(i)  The  great  importance  that  the  colleges  should  send 
us  students  already  instructed  in  the  elements  of  social  science. 

(2)  The  social  teachings  of  our  religion  are  not  some- 
thing added  to  the  gospel  of  Jesus,  but  an  integral  part  thereof. 

293 


294  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

(3)  A  minister  cannot  become  efficient  by  knowing  the 
Bible  only,  apart  from  knowledge  of  existing  social  conditions. 
The  seminary  rather  than  the  university  is  the  place  where 
these  two  subjects  can  be  brought  together. 

(4)  Social  subjects  in  the  seminary  require  a  genuine 
specialist.  They  should  not  be  a  mere  appendage  of  other 
disciplines.     The  background  should  be  scientific. 

(5)  While  the  background  of  the  work  should  be  scien- 
tific, the  aim  should  be  vocational. 

(6)  This  type  of  teaching  is  holding  to  the  minstry  men 
who  otherwise  would  turn  to  other  occupations. 

(7)  Most  important  of  all  is  a  prophetic  ministry  that 
shall  stimulate  social  consciousness  and  social  passion  among 
the  people. 

(8)  There  is  need  for  social  hymns  and  social  prayers. 
The  motion  as  made  was  passed. 

The  next  topic  for  discussion,  'The  Special  Preparation 
of  Ministers  for  Rural  Parishes,"  was  introduced  by  Pro- 
fessor Harry  F.  Ward  of  the  Boston  University  School  of 
Theology. 

He  remarked  that,  though  there  is  still  a  rural  mind,  the 
rural  community  is  being  rapidly  urbanized,  for  agriculture 
is  being  organized  on  a  business  basis,  farmers  are  reading 
technical  publications,  and  the  young  people  are  getting  their 
recreations  largely  in  the  towns  and  cities.  The  speaker  then 
described  a  vocational  and  laboratory  method  for  training  men 
for  the  rural  ministry,  and  advocated  study  in  an  agricultural 
college  as  a  part  of  preparation  for  the  seminary. 

He  closed  by  saying  that  the  churches  should  assure  a 
support  for  rural  ministers  as  well  as  for  foreign  missionaries. 

President  Warren  H.  Landon  reported  that  the  San  Fran- 
cisco Theological  Seminary,  in  order  to  prepare  its  students 
for  helping  boys,  especially  in  rural  communities,  requires 
a  course  in  gymnasium  work  and  athletics. 

Professor  Allen  Hoben,  of  the  Divinity  School  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago,  held  that  recruiting  work  for  the  rural 
ministry  should  be  done  as  early  as  the  beginning  of  the  college 
course,  especially  among  students  who  have  been  reared  in 
agricultural  communities.  He  also  outlined  a  plan  for  giving 
a  place  in  each  term  of  the  three  years'  Seminary  curriculum 
to  subjects  intended  to  prepare  for  the  rural  ministry. 


THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARIES  295 

President  William  McKIbbin,  of  Lane  Theological  Sem- 
inary, emphasized  common  necessities  in  all  types  of  church, 
whether  rural,  suburban,  or  urban,  such  as  attention  to  every 
element  in  the  surrounding  population. 

Professor  George  A.  Coe,  of  Union  Theological  Seminary, 
pointed  out  that  the  vocational  aim  in  theological  training  will 
require  changes  in  the  traditional  curriculum  which  is  con- 
trolled largely  by  the  notion  of  transferring  to  the  student  a 
certain  body  of  knowledge  and  doctrine. 

President  Charles  M.  Stuart,  of  Garrett  Biblical  Institute, 
feared  that  we  may  over-refine  differences  between  men.  He 
believed  that  a  real  man  would  address  himself  to  the  actual 
problems  that  confront  him,  whether  in  the  city  or  in  the 
country. 

Professor  Thomas  J.  Bolger,  of  the  Northern  Baptist 
Theological  Seminary  of  Chicago,  emphasized  the  need  of 
passion  for  souls  that  can  be  saved  only  through  the  blood  of 
Jesus  Christ. 

Dean  Colby  D.  Hall,  of  the  College  of  the  Bible  of  Texas 
Christian  University,  Fort  Worth,  Texas,  also  emphasized 
the  importance  of  passion  for  souls,  yet  insisted  that  the  in- 
spired man  will  be  more  efficient  if  he  has  the  benefit  of  specific 
preparation  for  his  field. 

Professor  John  E.  Kulzenga,  of  the  Western  Theological 
Seminary  of  the  Reformed  Church,  described  a  seminar  course 
on  Church  and  Community  in  which  fundamental  principles  are 
appHed  to  the  problems  of  communities  of  different  types. 

Professor  S.  J.  Gamertsfelder,  of  the  Evangelical  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  Naperville,  Illinois,  thought  that  we  should 
consider  what  the  rural  population  desires  in  a  minister.  One 
thing  that  is  desired  is  training  as  thorough  as  that  expected 
in  pastors  of  city  churches.  Professor  Gamertsfelder  would 
not  reduce  the  ordinary  studies  of  the  curriculum  in  order  to 
introduce  special  training  for  the  rural  ministry. 


296  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

AFTERNOON  SESSION 
Tuesday,  December  5,  1916 

The  Conference  assembled  at  2.40  P.  M.,  Chairman  W.  F. 
Tillett  presiding.  Prayer  was  offered  by  President  William 
McKibbin. 

The  Minutes  of  the  morning  session  were  read  and  ap- 
proved. 

The  topic,  "The  Teaching  of  Comparative  Religions  and 
Christian  Missions  in  Theological  Seminaries,"  was  introduced 
by  Professor  George  W.  Richards,  of  the  Reformed  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  Lancaster,  Pa.  He  pointed  out  the  difficulty 
which  the  smaller  faculties  experience  when  they  attempt  to 
introduce  the  various  new  subjects  that  are  called  for  at 
the  present  days.  He  outlined  the  content  of  a  single  course 
in  the  religions  of  the  world.  The  outcome  of  even  so  brief 
a  study  is  as  follows:  (i)  The  truth  is  made  clear  that 
man  is  incurably  religious.  (2)  The  relative  values  of 
different  religions  are  brought  out.  (3)  The  supremacy  of 
Jesus  Christ  and  the  necessity  of  the  Christian  religion  to 
complete  the  life  of  the  nations  are  proved. 

Dean  W.  F.  Tillett  described  the  enlarged  appreciation  of 
the  non-Christian  religions  that  has  been  brought  about  partly 
by  returned  -missionaries  and  partly  by  increased  intercourse 
between  peoples. 

President  Landon  outlined  a  plan  for  the  study  of  re- 
ligions, the  history  of  missions,  and  home  missions. 

President  N.  L.  Anderson,  of  Austin  Presbyterian  Sem- 
inary, held  that  we  cannot  teach  the  Old  Testament  without 
teaching  comparative  religions.  The  same  is  true  of  the 
Pauline  message.  Such  study  is  essential  in  any  practical 
training  for  the  ministry. 

President  Charles  M.  Stuart  described  a  scheme  for  in- 
tensive missionary  preparation  during  a  summer  session. 

Professor  John  A.  Wood  described  another  plan  for  co- 
ordinating the  study  of  religions  and  missions. 

Secretary  Henry  F.  Cope,  of  the  Religious  Education  As- 
sociation, spoke  of  the  need  of  introducing  into  the  colleges  the 
study  of  religions  as  a  phase  of  history.  He  raised  the  ques- 
tion whether  this  is  not  one  way  to  make  students  realize  that 
religion  is  integral  to  life. 

Professor  A.  C.  Wieand  suggested  that  the  study  of  the 


THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARIES  297 

ethnic  religions  should  include  their  present  forms  —  the 
forms  in  which  missionaries  meet  them. 

Professor  W.  H.  Allison  described  the  giving  of  courses 
in  missions  by  returned  missionaries. 

Professor  A.  E.  Main  described  a  case  in  which  the  teach- 
ing of  missions  is  included  in  a  department  of  religious  educa- 
tion. 

The  topic,  "How  can  the  Seminaries  best  Contribute  to 
International  Friendship?"  was  opened  by  General  Secretary 
Charles  S.  Macfarland  of  the  Federal  Council.  He  raised  a 
question  as  to  whether  theological  students  receive  any  in- 
formation at  all  from  their  seminaries  as  to  the  movements 
for  world  friendship  that  are  already  under  way.  He  showed 
that  mental  attitudes  awakened  or  intensified  in  America  by 
the  war,  and  antagonism  to  Japan  that  is  being  fostered  among 
us  create  a  need  for  the  teaching  of  world  friendship  in  the 
seminaries.  He  expressed  an  opinion  that  the  ministry  of 
to-day  is  not  yet  ready  to  deliver  a  message  that  is  adequate 
to  this  situation,  but  just  what  is  to  be  done  the  speaker  did 
not  feel  ready  to  say. 

Professor  Philip  Vollmer  held  that  the  message  of  world 
friendship  is  contained  in  the  gospel  as  such.  He  argued  that 
if  we  teach  the  Bible  thoroughly  no  new  course  on  this  subject 
will  be  necessary. 

Professor  George  A.  Coe  argued  that  the  problem  of 
world  friendship  is  all  one  with  the  problems  of  social  justice 
in  our  own  country. 

President  William  McKibbin  agreed  with  Dr.  Macfarland 
that  the  question  of  what  to  do  is  obscure,  but  he  suggested 
that  perhaps  we  can  show  that  the  ends  of  national*  life  can 
be  secured  better  by  peace  than  by  war. 

Professor  Allen  Hoben  insisted  that  theological  students 
should  be  trained  to  minister  directly  to  the  social  injustices 
of  our  own  communities,  and  that  unless  we  thus  minister  we 
shall  not  have  spiritual  power  in  our  dealing  with  questions 
of  world  society. 

Dean  H.  M.  Dobbs,  of  the  Theological  Department  of  the 
Southern  Methodist  University,  Dallas,  Texas,  warned  against 
discouragement  because  conditions  that  have  frequently 
occurred  have  appeared  in  our  own  time.  He  surmised  that 
the  solution  is  in  the  apostolic  rather  than  in  the  prophetic 


298  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

attitude.  A  moral  equivalent  for  war,  he  believed,  could  be 
found  by  the  churches. 

Professor  A.  E.  Main  suggested  that  one  thing  that  we 
can  do  is  to  help  hundreds  of  thousands  of  laboring  men  to 
have  one  day  of  rest  in  seven. 

President  Charles  M.  Stuart  was  elected  Vice-Chairman. 


MORNING  SESSION 
Wednesday,  December  6,  191 6 

The  Conference  assembled  at  9.38  with  Vice-Chairman 
Stuart  in  the  chair. 

After  silent  devotion,  Professor  Vollmer  and  Dean  Dobbs 
led  in  audible  prayer. 

The  minutes  of  the  session  of  yesterday  afternoon  were 
read  and  approved. 

The  topic  "The  Standardization  of  the  Theological  Curri- 
culum" was  opened  by  President  Landon.  He  found  that 
both  the  requirements  for  entrance  and  the  requirements  for 
degrees  and  diplomas  vary  greatly.  It  seemed  to  him  not  prac- 
ticable to  standardize  the  curriculum.  The  problem  of  stand- 
ardizing the  requirements  for  the  bachelor's  degree,  however, 
did  not  seem  to  be  hopeless.  In  any  case  liberty  to  adapt  the 
work  of  a  seminary  to  regional  needs  must  be  reserved,  and 
standardization  must  not  discriminate  against  the  smaller 
faculties.  On  the  other  hand,  several  advantages  would  ac- 
crue. Terms  of  admission  would  be  defined,  and  the  present 
variation  in  requirements  for  graduation  —  from  40  to  58 
points  —  would  be  reduced.  Progress  could  be  made  with 
reference  to  required  subjects,  also.  Here  again  the  range 
is  very  wide.  The  speaker  felt  that  provision  should  be  made 
for  continuing  the  study  of  this  subject  during  the  next 
quadrennium. 

Professor  Allison  hoped  that  the  Commission  on  Christian 
Education  would  prepare  a  report  upon  the  present  educational 
standards  actually  enforced  by  the  various  denominations  in 
connection  with  the  ordination  of  ministers. 

Professor  Hall  moved  that  we  request  the  Commission 
on  Christian  Education  to  provide  for  a  report  four  years 
hence  upon:  (a)  The  educational  standards  actually  en- 
forced by  the  various  denominations  in  connection  with  the 


THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARIES  299 

ordination  of  ministers,  and   (b)    The  present  requirements 
for  graduation  in  the  seminaries. 

The  motion  was  carried. 

President  McKibbin  pointed  out  that  this  question  goes 
back  to  the  problem  of  the  fundamental  purpose  of  theological 
education.  He  held  that  the  actual  needs  must  be  considered, 
and  that  we  must  accept  such  men  as  are  actually  available. 
He  claimed  that  much  effective  work  is  being  done  by  pastors 
who  have  not  had  the  advantages  of  theological  training. 

Professor  Gamertsfelder  spoke  of  the  difficulty  of  con- 
vincing students  that  the  requirement  of  Hebrew  and  Greek 
is  justified. 

Dean  Mathews  had  found  that  there  is  no  uniformity,  and 
that  there  is  no  desire  for  it.  He  raised  the  question  why 
v/e  desire  standardization.  In  his  judgment  standardization 
is  not  the  wisest  way  to  approach  the  problems  of  vocational 
training.  What  is  needed  is  analysis  of  the  functions  to  be 
performed  in  the  various  situations. 

Dean  W.  F.  Tillett  argued  that  standardization  is  the  actual 
effect  of  such  comparison  of  ideas  as  occurs  in  the  meetings 
of  the  Federal  Council.  He  held  that  the  standardization  of 
colleges  has  been  beneficial  even  to  the  weaker  institutions 
which  at  first  complained  that  they  were  being  discriminated 
against. 

Professor  George  A.  Coe  held  that  the  seminaries  must 
train  specialists  in  the  original  languages  of  the  Bible,  so  that 
these  departments  too  come  under  the  requirements  for  voca- 
tional education.  He  opposed  any  standardization  that  implies 
uniformity,  but  favored  the  promotion  of  high  scientific  ideals 
in  all  branches  of  a  differentiated  ministry. 

Professor  Herman  held  that  we  are  requiring  Juniors  to 
put  an  inordinate  amount  of  time  upon  Hebrew. 

Professor  Wood  said  that  the  University  of  the  State 
of  New  York,  which  is  a  standardizing  body,  favors  Hebrew 
and  Greek,  but  does  not  require  them. 

The  next  topic,  "What  College  Credits  should  be  Allowed 
in  the  Seminary  ?"  was  opened  by  President  Stuart.  He  held 
that: 

(i)  A  closer  connection  between  the  seminary  and  the 
college  is  desirable  in  the  matter  of  subjects  of  study.  Many 
students  come  to  the  seminary  ignorant  of  both  historical  and 
scientific  methods. 


300  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

(2)     The  seminary  should  allow  credit  for  those  subjects 
only  that  colleges  are  fitted  to  teach. 

(3)  The  total  time  required  for  college  and  seminary 
courses  may  be  reduced  one  year  by  allowing  the  junior  year 
in  the  seminary  to  count  also  as  the  senior  year  of  the  college 
requirement. 

Conversation  followed  as  to  the  usage  of  various  semin- 
aries and  denominations. 

The  discussion  was  closed  by  a  defense  by  President  Mc- 
Kibbin  of  Hebrew  as  a  seminary  subject. 

Voted,  That  after  the  reading  of  the  minutes  the  Confer- 
ence adjourn. 

Voted,  That  the  thanks  of  the  conference  be  extended  to 
the  Recording  Secretary. 

The  minutes  were  then  read  and  approved  and  the  con- 
ference adjourned. 

George  A.  Coe,  Recording  Secretary^ 


XVI. 

Constitution  and  By-Laws  of  the  Federal  Council 

Plan  of  Federation  Recommended  by  The  Interchurch  Con- 
ference of  1905,  Adopted  by  the  National  Assemblies 
of  Constituent  Bodies,  1906- 1908,  Ratified  by  the  Coun- 
cil at  Philadelphia,  December  2-8,  1908,  Amended  at 
Chicago,  December  4-9,  19 12,  and  at  St.  Louis,  Decem- 
ber 6-1 1,  1916. 

Preamble 

Whereas,  In  the  providence  of  God,  the  time  has  come  when 
it  seems  fitting  more  fully  to  manifest  the  essential  oneness  of 
the  Christian  Churches  of  America,  in  Jesus  Christ  as  their 
Divine  Lord  and  Savior,  and  to  promote  the  spirit  of  fellow- 
ship, service,  and  cooperation  among  them,  the  delegates  to 
the  Interchurch  Conference  on  Federation,  assembled  in  New 
York  City,  do  hereby  recommend  the  following  Plan  of  Fed- 
eration to  the  Christian  bodies  represented  in  this  Conference 
for  their  approval : 

Plan  of  Federation 

1.  For  the  prosecution  of  work  that  can  be  better  done  in 
union  than  in  separation  a  Council  is  hereby  established  whose 
name  shall  be  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ 
in  America. 

2.  The  following  Christian  bodies  shall  be  entitled  to  repre- 
sentation in  this  Federal  Council  on  their  approval  of  the 
purpose  and  plan  of  the  organization : 

The  Baptist  Churches  of  the  United  States 
The  General  Conference  of  Free  Baptists 
The  National  Baptist  Convention   (African)* 
The  Christians   (The  Christian  Connection) 
The  Congregational  Churches 
The  Congregational  Methodist  Churches* 

♦These  bodies  were  received  into  fellowship  of  the  Council  under 
provisions  stated  in  section  seven  of  the  Constitution. 

301 


302  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

The  Disciples  of  Christ  } 

The  Evangelical  Association  2 

The  Evangelical  Synod  of  North  America  ^ 

The  Friends  \ 

The  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  General  Synod  ] 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  <] 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South  ; 

The  Primitive  Methodist  Church  ^ 

The  Colored  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  America  i 

The  Methodist  Protestant  Church  : 

The  African  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  | 

The  African  Methodist  Episcopal  Zion  Church  j 

The  General  Conference  of  the  Mennonite  Church  of  North  j 

America  j 

The  Moravian  Church  { 

The  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  U.  S.  A.  j 

The  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  U.  S.*  ^ 

The  Welsh  Calvinistic  Methodist  or  Presbyterian  Church  j 

The  Reformed  Presbyterian  Church  \ 

The  United  Presbyterian  Church  ! 

The  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  1 

The  Reformed  Church  in  America  l 

The  Reformed  Church  in  the  U.  S.  j 

The  Reformed  Episcopal  Church  ^ 

The  Seventh  Day  Baptist  Churches  i 

The  Swedish  Lutheran  Augustana  Synod*  J 

The  United  Brethren  of  Christ  J 
The  United  Evangelical  Church.                                               ~  ^ 

3.    The  object  of  this  Federal  Council  shall  be —  j 

I.    To  express   the  fellowship   and  catholic   unity  of  the  ] 

Christian  Church.  1 

XL     To  bring  the  Christian  bodies  of  America  into  united  ^ 

service  for  Christ  and  the  world.  ] 

IIL     To  encourage  devotional  fellowship  and  mutual  coun-  < 

sel  concerning  the  spiritual  life  and  religious  activities  of  tlie  ^ 

churches.  ! 


♦These  bodies  were  received  into  fellowship  of  the  Council  under 
provisions  stated  in  section  seven  of  the  Constitution. 


CONSTITUTION  AND  BY-LAWS  303 

IV.  To  secure  a  larger  combined  influence  for  the  churches 
of  Christ  in  all  matters  affecting  the  mioral  and  social  condition 
of  the  people,  so  as  to  promote  the  application  of  the  law  of 
Christ  in  every  relation  of  human  life. 

V.  To  assist  in  the  organization  of  local  branches  of  the 
Federal  Council  to  promote  its  aims  in  their  communities. 

4.  This  Federal  Council  shall  have  no  authority  over  the 
constituent  bodies  adhering  to  it;  but  its  province  shall  be 
limited  to  the  expression  of  its  counsel  and  the  recommending 
of  a  course  of  action  in  matters  of  common  interest  to  the 
churches,  local  councils,  and  individual  Christians. 

It  has  no  authority  to  draw  up  a  common  creed  or  form  of 
government  or  of  worship,  or  in  any  way  to  limit  the  full 
autonomy  of  the  Christian  bodies  adhering' to  it. 

5.  Members  of  this  Federal  Council  shall  be  appointed  as 
follows : 

Each  of  the  Christian  bodies  adhering  to  this  Federal  Coun- 
cil shall  be  entitled  to  four  members,  and  shall  be  further 
entitled  to  one  member  for  every  50,000  of  its  communicants 
or  major  fraction  thereof.  Alternates  may  be  chosen  and  cer- 
tified to  the  Council  in  the  same  manner  and  to  the  same 
number  as  members  to  fill  vacancies  caused  by  the  death,  resig- 
nation, or  permanent  disqualification  of  members.  Such  alter- 
nates may  also  attend  sessions  of  the  Council  in  the  absence 
of  members  and  exercise  all  powers  of  members  as  temporary 
substitutes  during  such  absence. 

6.  Any  action  to  be  taken  by  this  Federal  Council  shall  be 
by  the  general  vote  of  its  members.  But  in  case  one  third  of 
the  members  present  and  voting  request  it,  the  vote  shall  be 
by  the  bodies  represented,  the  members  of  each  body  voting 
separately;  and  action  shall  require  the  vote,  not  only  of  a 
majority  of  the  members  voting,  but  also  of  the  bodies  repre- 
sented. 

7.  Other  Christian  bodies  may  be  admitted  into  member- 
ship of  this  Federal  Council  on  their  request  if  approved  by 
a  vote  of  two  thirds  of  the  members  voting  at  a  session  of 
this  council,  and  of  two  thirds  of  the  bodies  represented,  the 
representatives  of  each  body  voting  separately. 

8.  The  Federal  Council  shall  meet  once  In  every  four  years 
and  the  term  of  service  of  the  members  or  their  alternates  shall 


304  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

be  four  years  or  until  their  successors  shall  be  appointed.    Spe- 
cial meetings  may  be  called  by  the  Executive  Committee. 

9.  Section  a.  The  officers  of  this  Federal  Council  shall  be 
a  President,  one  Vice-President  from  each  of  its  constituent 
bodies,  a  Recording  Secretary,  a  Treasurer,  and  an  Executive 
Committee,  who  shall  perform  the  duties  usually  assigned  to 
such  officers.  Vacancies  among  the  Vice-Presidents  or  in  the 
Executive  Committee  may  be  filled  by  the  Executive  Commit- 
tee on  nomination  by  the  representatives  on  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  constituent  body  in  which  the  vacancy  may 
occur. 

Section  b.  The  General  Secretary  and  other  secretaries  of 
the  Council  except  the  Recording  Secretary  shall  be  chosen 
by  the  Executive  Committee,  which  shall  have  authority  to 
fix  their  duties  and  their  salaries,  and  they  shall  aid  in  organ- 
izing and  assisting  local  Councils  and  shall  represent  the  Fed- 
eral Council  in  its  work  under  the  direction  of  the  Executive 
Committee. 

Section  c.  The  Executive  Committee  shall  consist  of  two 
representatives  from  each  of  the  constituent  bodies,  preferably 
one  minister  and  one  layman,  and  one  additional  representa- 
tive for  every  500,000  of  its  communicants  or  major  fraction 
thereof,  who  may  be  either  a  minister  or  layman,  together 
with  the  President,  all  ex-Presidents,  the  Recording  Secre- 
tary, and  the  Treasurer.  The  Executive  Committee  shall  have 
authority  to  attend  to  all  business  of  the  Federal  Council  in 
the  intervals  of  its  meetings  and  to  fill  all  vacancies,  except 
that  it  shall  not  have  power  to  make  any  amendments  to  the 
Constitution  or  to  the  By-Laws.  It  shall  meet  for  organiza- 
tion at  the  call  of  the  President  of  the  Council  immediately 
upon  the  adjournment  of  the  Federal  Council,  and  shall  have 
power  to  elect  its  own  officers. 

Section  d.  All  officers  shall  be  chosen  at  the  quadrennial 
meetings  of  the  Council  and  shall  hold  their  offices  until  their 
successors  take  office. 

Section  e.  The  President,  the  Recording  Secretary,  and  the 
Treasurer  shall  be  elected  by  the  Federal  Council  on  nomina- 
tion by  the  Executive  Committee,  but  nominations  may  be 
made  from  the  floor  of  the  Council  by  any  member  at  the  time 
of  the  election. 

Section  f.  The  Vice-Presidents  and  members  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  and  their  alternates  shall  be  elected  by  the 


CONSTITUTION  AND  BY-LAWS  305 

Council  upon  nomination  by  the  representatives  in  attendance 
of  each  of  their  respective  constituent  bodies. 

10.  The  expenses  of  the  Federal  Council  shall  be  provided 
for  by  the  several  constituent  bodies. 

(The  following  paragraphs  were  recommended,  by  Inter- 
church  Conference  of  1905,  adopted  by  National  Assemblies 
of  Constituent  Bodies,  1906-1908.) 

[This  Plait  of  Federation  shall  become  operative  when  it 
shall  have  been  approved  by  two  thirds  of  the  above  bodies  to 
zvhich  it  shall  be  presented. 

[It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  delegation  to  this  Conference 
to  present  this  Plan  of  Federation  to  its  national  body,  and 
ask  its  consideration  and  proper  action. 

[In  case  this  Plan  of  Federation  is  approved  by  two  thirds 
of  the  proposed  constituent  bodies  the  E.vecutive  Committee 
of  the  National  Federation  of  Churches  and  Christian  Wckk- 
ers,  which  has  called  this  Conference,  is  requested  to  call  the 
Federal  Council  to  meet  at  a  fitting  place  in  December,  i^o8.\ 

11.  This  Plan  of  Federation  may  be  altered  or  amended  by 
a  majority  vote  of  the  members,  followed  by  a  majority  vote 
of  the  representatives  of  the  several  constituent  bodies,  each 
voting  separately.  Amendments  to  this  plan  shall  be  reported 
officially  to  the  several  constituent  churches. 

BY-LAWS  OF  THE  FEDERAL  COUNCIL  AS 
AMENDED 

1.  The  Council  shall  meet  quadrennially  on  the  first 
Wednesday  of  December,  at  such  place  and  hour  as  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  shall  from  time  to  time  determine.  The  place 
and  time  of  special  meetings  shall  be  determined  by  the 
Executive  Committee. 

2.  The  President  of  the  Council,  or  in  case  of  his  absence, 
the  last  President  present  shall  open  the  meetings  with  an 
address  and  devotional  exercises,  and  preside  until  a  new  Presi- 
dent is  chosen. 

3.  The  Recording  Secretary  and  the  Secretary,  or  Secre- 
taries, to  whom  this  duty  may  be  assigned  by  the  Executive 
Committee,  shall  make  up  the  roll  of  the  members  in  the  Coun- 
cil from  the  certificates  of  the  proper  officers  of  the  Constituent 
Bodies  composing  the  Council,  and  no  one  not  thus  certified 


306  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

shall  be  enrolled.     The  Council  shall  determine  any  question 
arising  as  to  the  validity  of  the  certificates. 

4.  No  President  or  Vice-President  shall  be  eligible  to 
immediate  reelection. 

5.  A  quorum  of  the  Council  shall  consist  of  two  or  more 
members  from  a  majority  of  the  churches  entitled  to  repre- 
sentation. A  quorum  of  the  Executive  Committee  shall  be 
fifteen  persons,  and  at  least  five  denominations  shall  be  repre- 
sented. 

6.  The  Council  shall  appoint  a  Business  Committee,  to 
which  shall  be  referred  all  matters  connected  with  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  Council  while  in  session,  and  all  such  papers 
and  documents  as  to  the  Council  may  seem  proper.  It  shall 
consist  of  two  members  from  each  church  having  twenty  or 
more  representatives  in  the  Council,  and  one  from  each  of  the 
churches  having  a  less  number  of  representatives.  The  Coun- 
cil may  also  appoint  such  other  special  committees  as  to  it  may 
seem  proper. 

7.  The  business  expenses  of  the  Council,  the  expenses  of 
its  committees  subject  to  the  discretion  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, and  the  salaries  of  its  officers,  shall  be  paid  out  of  the 
funds  contributed  by  the  churches,  but  the  expenses  of  the 
representatives  of  the  churches  in  the  Council  shall  not  be 
a  charge  against  the  funds  of  the  Council. 

8.  (i)  The  following  Commissions,  subject  to  the  Execu- 
tive Committee,  shall  be  appointed  to  further  the  general  pur- 
poses of  the  Federal  Council  as  stated  in  its  Constitution  within 
the  fields  indicated  by  their  respective  names. 

a.  A  Commission  on  Evangelism. 

b.  A  Commission  on  the  Church  and  Social  Service. 

c.  A  Commission  on  the  Church  and  Country  Life. 

d.  A  Commission  on  Christian  Education. 

e.  A  Commission  on  Temperance. 

f.  A  Commission  on   International   Justice    and   Good- 

will, 
g.    A  Commission  on  Interchurch     Federations      (State 

and  Local), 
h.     A  Commission  on  Relations  with  the  Orient. 
(2)     Each  Commission  shall  consist  of  twenty-five  or  more 
members  appointed  from  the  Christian  bodies  appointing  mem- 


CONSTITUTION  AND  BY-LAWS  307 

bers  to  the  Council,  by  the  President  of  the  Council,  and 
confirmed  by  the  Executive  Committee. 

(3)  The  members  of  these  Commissions  shall  serve  four 
years  or  until  their  successors  are  appointed.  The  Commis- 
sions shall  report  annually  to  the  Executive  Committee,  and 
oftener  should -the  Executive  Committee  require,  and  quad- 
rennially through  the  Executive  Committee  to  the  Federal 
Council. 

(4)  The  President  of  the  Council  shall  appoint  the  Chair- 
men of  these  Commissions,  which  shall  have  power  to  choose 
such  other  officers  for  the  conduct  of  their  affairs  as  may  be 
authorized  by  the  Federal  Council  or  the  Executive  Committee. 

(5)  These  Commissions  shall  not  commit  the  Federal 
Council  to  any  policy  or  expense  until  such  policy  or  expense 
is  approved  by  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Federal 
Council. 

(6)  The  Commissions  shall  submit  their  proposed  budgets 
to  the  Executive  Committee,  and  upon  the  Committee's  authori- 
zation of  such  budgets,  may  solicit  contributions  for  their  work 
under  the  direction  of  the  Executive  Committee  and  the  Treas- 
urer of  the  Federal  Council. 

9.  The  Secretaries  chosen  by  the  Executive  Committee  shall 
conduct  the  correspondence  of  the  Council  and  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee.  The  Executive  Committee  shall  have  full 
power  to  appoint,  when  necessary,  such  Secretaries  as  it  may 
deem  advisable  and  to  designate  their  respective  relations  and 
duties. 

10.  The  Recording  Secretary  shall  keep  the  Minutes  of 
the  Council,  and  shall  perform  such  other  duties  as  may  be 
assigned  to  him  by  the  Executive  Committee.  The  Executive 
Committee  may  appoint  such  assistant  secretaries  as  may  be 
necessary  for  the  transaction  of  business,  both  for  the  Council 
and  for  the  Committee. 

11.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Council  shall  be  the  custodian  of 
all  the  funds  of  the  Council  and  the  Committees,  and  shall 
perform  the  duties  usually  assigned  to  the  office,  shall  give 
bond  in  such  sum  as  the  Executive  Committee  shall  determine, 
and  his  account  shall  be  annually  audited  under  the  direction 
of  the  Executive  Committee. 

12.  The  Executive  Committee  shall  have  authority  to  con- 
sider during  the  sessions  of  the  Council  or  in  the  intervals 


JOS  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

between  its  meetings  any  business  referred  to  it  by  the  Council, 
and  shall  exercise  general  supervision  of  all  its  affairs,  and 
shall  have  authority  to  adopt  its  own  rules  for  governing  its 
own  business.  The  Executive  Committee  shall  meet  at  the 
call  of  the  Chairman,  or  in  his  absence  or  disability,  the  call 
of  three  of  the  members  representing  three  of  the  constituent 
bodies,  and  ten  days'  notice  of  meeting  shall  be  given.  Pub- 
lic meetings  under  the  direction  of  the  Executive  Committee 
may  be  held  annually  in  various  sections  of  the  country.  The 
President  shall  also  appoint  the  following  Standing  Commit- 
tees to  work  under  the  direction  of  the  Executive  Committee : 

(i)     A  committee  on  Foreign  Missions,  to  number  not 
more  than  fifteen  members. 

(2)  A  committee  on  Home   Missions,    to    number   not. 

more  than  fifteen  members. 

(3)  A  committee  on  Family   Life  and  Religious   Rest 

Day. 
The  Executive   Committee  shall   have  power  to  establish 
Commissions  or  Committees  ad  interim,  which  may  become 
permanent  by  the  approval  of  the  Federal  Council. 

13.  The  Minutes  of  the  Council  shall  be  published  regu- 
larly, under  the  editorship  of  the  Secretary  or  Secretaries  to 
whom  this  duty  may  be  assigned  by  the  Executive  Committee. 

14.  These  By-laws  may  be  amended  at  any  regular  meeting 
of  the  Council  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  the  members  present. 


xvn.  I 

i 

Accredited  Delegates  to  the  Third  Quadrennial  ] 

Meeting  \ 

LIST  1.     FORMALLY  APPOINTED  DELEGATES  i 
AND  ALTERNATES 

LIST  XL     DELEGATES  PRESENT  AT  ST.  LOUIS  AND  . 

PASSED  UPON  BY  COMMITTEE  OF  j 

CREDENTIALS  ■ 

LIST  III.    DELEGATES  TO  BE  RECOGNIZED  i 

THROUGHOUT  QUADRENNIUM  ' 

NORTHERN  BAPTIST  CONVENTION  ^ 

List  I  I 

Ash  worth,  Rev.  R.  A.,  Milwaukee,  Wis.  • 

Ayer,  F.  W.,  Camden,  N.  J.  i 

Barbour,  President  C.  A.,  Rochester,  N.  Y.  " 

Barnes,  Secretary  L.  C,  New  York  City  \ 

Batten,  Rev.  Samuel  Z.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  ] 

Beman,  Professor  W.  W.,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.  1 
Bitting,  Rev.  W.  C,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Brimson,  W.  G.,  Chicago,  III.  \ 

Calvert,  Rev.  J.  B.,  Irvington,  N.  Y.  i 

ainch,  E.  S.,  New  York  City  I 

Crandall,  Rev.  L.  A.,  Minneapolis,  Minn.  " 

Faunce,  President  W.  H.  P.,  Providence,  R.  L  } 

Franklin,  Rev.  J.  H.,  Boston,  Mass.  t 

Galpin,  Rev.  F.  T.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  ] 

Gifford,  Rev.  O.  P.,  Brookline,  Mass.  ^ 

Grose,  Rev.  H.  B.,  Boston,  Mass.  ^ 

Hanley,  President  E.  A.,  Franklin,  Ind.  :^ 

Hughes,  Hon.  Charles  E.,  New  York  City  j 

Hunt,  Rev.  E.  W.,  Newtoi*  Center,  Mass.  'i 

Lawson,  Rev.  A.  G.,  Jamaica,  N.  Y.  ^ 

Mathews,  Dean  Shailer,  Chicago,  111.  ^ 

309  1 


310  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Rauschenbusch,   Professor  Walter,   Rochester,   N.  Y. 
Shull,  D.  C,  New  York  City 

List  II 
Allison,  Rev.  W.  H,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 
Ashworth,  Rev.  R.  A.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
Batten,  Rev.  Samuel  Z.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Beman,  Professor  W.  W.,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 
Bitting,  Rev.  W.  C,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Brink,  Rev.  G.  N.,  New  York  City 
Chalmers,  Rev.  W.  E.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Cope,  Rev.  H.  F.,  Chicago,  111. 
Decker,  Rev.  Charles  A.,  South  Bend,  Ind. 
Fischer,  W.  J.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Galpin,  Rev.  F.  T.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Gray,  Clifton  D.,  Chicago,  111. 
Grose,  Rev.  H.  B.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Hanley,  President  E.  A.,  Franklin,  Ind. 
Hazen,  Rev.  J.  C,  Peoria,  111. 
Lawson,  Rev.  Albert  G.,  Jamaica,  N.  Y. 
Mathews,  Dean  Shailer,  Chicago,  111. 
Parker,  Rev.  C.  R.,  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 
Price,  Rev.  Orlo  J.,  Lansing,  Mich. 
Thomas,  Rev.  A.  C,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Wishart,  Rev.  A.  W.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

List  III 
Ashworth,  Rev.  R.  A.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
Ayer,  F.  W.,  Camden,  N.  J. 
Barbour,  President  C  A.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
Barnes,  Secretary  L.  C,  New  York  City 
Batten,  Rev.  Samuel  Z.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Beman,  Professor  W.  W.,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 
Bitting,  Rev.  W.  C,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Brimson,  W.  C,  Chicago,  III. 
Calvert,  Rev.  J.  B.,  Irvington,  N.  Y. 
ainch,  E.  S.,  New  York  City 
Crandall,  Rev.  L.  A.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Faunce,  President  W.  H.  P.,  Providence,  R.  I. 
Franklin,  Rev.  J.  H.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Galpin,  Rev.  F.  T.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Giflford,  Rev.  O.  P.,  Brookline,  Mass. 
Grose,  Rev.  H.  B.,  Boston,  Mass. 


LIST  OF  DELEGATES  311 

Hanley,  President  E.  A.,  Franklin,  Ind. 
Hughes,  Hon.  Charles  E.,  New  York  City 
Hunt,  Rev.  E.  W.,  Newton  Center,  Mass. 
Lawson,  Rev.  A.  G.,  Jamaica,  N.  Y. 
Mathews,  Dean  Shailer,  Chicago,  111. 
Rauschenbusch,  Professor  Walter,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
Shull,  D.  C,  New  York  City 

NATIONAL  BAPTIST  CONVENTION 
List  I 
Bennett,  Rev.  J.  R.,  Chester,  Pa. 
Booker,  Rev.  J.  A.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
Booker,  Rev.  J.  M.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Bowren,  Rev.  J.  W.,   Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Brown,  Rev.  W.  W.,  New  York  City 
Bryant,  Dr.  P.  James,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Burdette,  Rev.  J.  R.,  Houston,  Texas 
Caston,  Rev.  J.  T.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Caver,  Rev.  R.  M.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
Cohron,  Rev.  E.  M.,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 
Cosey,  Rev.  A.  A.,  Mound  Bayou,  Miss. 
Curtright,  Rev.  Felix  A.,  Peoria,  111. 
Fuller,  Rev.  T.  O.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Goins,  Rev.  J.,  Jefferson  City,  Mo. 
Goodgame,  Rev.  J.  W.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
Graham,  Rev.  W.  F.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Griggs,  Dr.  S.  E.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Harris,  Rev.  H.  H.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Haynes,  Rev.  William,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Henderson,  Rev.  J.  H.,  Hot  Springs,  Ark. 
Henry,  Rev.  J.  H.  C,  Vicksburg,  Miss. 
Holloway,  H.  W.,  Helena,  Ark. 
Isaac,  Rev.  E.  W.  D.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Jernagin,  Rev.  W.  H.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Johnson,  Rev.  A.  M.,  Vicksburg,  Miss. 
Jordan,  Dr.  L.  G.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Knox,  Rev.  J.  E.,  Houston,  Texas 
Lovelace,  Rev.  W.  F.,  Wynne,  Ark. 
McNeal,  Rev.  George,  Kansas  City,  Mo 
Moses,  Rev.  S.  A.,  Staunton,  Va. 
Mosley,  Rev.  S.  A.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Parrish,  Dr.  C.  H.,  Louisville,  Ky. 


312  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Petty,  Rev.  W.  L.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Shadd,  D.  S.,  Helena,  Ark. 
Stevens,  Rev.  George  E.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Steward,  W.  H.,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Stokes,  Dr.  A.  J.,  Montgomery,  Ala. 
Thomas,  Rev.  I.  A.,  Evanston,  111. 
Walker,  Dr.  C.  T.,  Augusta,  Ga. 
Westbrooks,  Rev.  B.  J.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 
White,  Rev.  Thomas  H.,  Clifton  Forge,  Va. 
Wilbanks,  Rev.  A.,  Washington,  D.  C 
Wilson,  Rev.  E.  Arlington,  Muskogee,  Okla. 
Williams,  Rev.  L.  K.,  Chicago,  111. 

Alternates 
Alexander,  Rev.  E.  W.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Bates,  Rev.  F.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Benton,  Rev.  G.  W.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Buckner,  Rev.,  Webster  Groves,  Mo. 
Davis,  Rev.  W.  O.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Fisher,  Professor  R.  C,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Jennings,  Rev.  J.  J.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Owens,  Rev.  M.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Parker,  Rev.  J.  K.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Reed,  Rev.  G.  W.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Rhodes,  Rev.  W.  L.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

List  II 
Alexander,  Rev.  E.  W.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Bates,  Rev.  F.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Bennett,  Rev.  J.  R.,  Chester,  Pa. 
Benton,  Rev.  G.  W.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Buckner,  Rev.,  Webster  Groves,  Mo. 
Caston,  Rev.  J.  T.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Cohron,  Rev.  E.  M.,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 
Cole,  Rev.  R.  H.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Curtright,  Rev.  Felix  A.,  Peoria,  111. 
Davis,  Rev.  W.  O.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Fisher,  Professor  R.  C,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Harris,  Rev.  H.  H.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Henderson,  Rev.  J.  H.,  Hot  Springs,  Ark. 
Henry,  Rev.  J.  H.  C,  Vicksburg,  Miss. 
Holloway,  H.  W.,  Helena,  Ark. 
Jennings,  Rev.  J.  J.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


LIST  OF  DELEGATES  313 


Jernagin,  Rev.  W.  H.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
McNeal,  Rev.  George,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Morris,  President  E.  C,  Helena,  Ark. 
Mosley,  Rev.  S.  A.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Owens,  Rev.  M.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Parker,  Rev.  J.  K.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Parrish,  Dr.  C.  H.,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Reed,  Rev.  G.  W.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Rhodes,  Rev.  W.  L.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Stevens,  Rev.  George  E.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Thomas,  Rev.  I.  A.,  Evanston,  111. 
Westbrooks,  Rev.  B.  J.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 

List  III 
Bennett,  Rev.  J.  R.,  Chester,  Pa. 
Booker,  Rev.  J.  A.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
Booker,  Rev.  J.  M.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Bowren,  Rev.  J.  W.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Brown,  Rev.  W.  W.,  New  York  City 
Bryant,  Dr.  P.  James,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Burdette,  Rev.  J.  R.,  Houston,  Texas 
Caston,  Rev.  J.  T.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Caver,  Rev.  R.  M.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
Cohron,  Rev.  E.  M.,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 
Cosey,  Rev.  A.  A.,  Mound  Bayou,  Miss. 
Curtright,  Rev.  Felix  A.,  Peoria,  111. 
Fuller,  Rev.  T.  O.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Goins,  Rev.  J.,  Jefferson  City,  Mo. 
Goodgame,  Rev.  J.  W.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
Graham,  Rev.  W.  F.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Griggs,  Dr.  S.  E.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Harris,  Rev.  H.  H.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Haynes,  Rev.  William,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Henderson,  Rev.  J.  H.,  Hot  Springs,  Ark. 
Henry,  Rev.  J.  H.  C,  Vicksburg,  Miss. 
HoUoway,  H.  W.,  Helena,  Ark. 
Isaac,  Rev.  E.  W.  D.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Jernagin,  Rev.  W.  H.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Johnson,  Rev.  A.  M.,  Vicksburg,  Miss. 
Jordan,  Dr.  L.  G.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Knox,  Rev.  J.  E.,  Houston,  Texas 
Lovelace,  Rev.  W.  F.,  Wynne,  Ark. 
McNeal,  Rev.  George,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 


314  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Moses,  Rev.  S.  A.,  Staunton,  Va. 
Mosley,  Rev.  S.  A,,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Parrish,  Dr.  C.  H.,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Petty,  Rev.  W.  L.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Shadd,   D.  S.,  Helena,  Ark. 
Stevens,  Rev.  George  E.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Steward,  W.  H.,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Stokes,  Dr.  A.  J.,  Montgomery,  Ala. 
Thomas,  Rev.  L  A.,  Evanston,  111. 
Walker,  Dr.  C.  T.,  Augusta,  Ga. 
Westbrooks,  Rev.  B.  J.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 
White,  Rev.  Thomas  H.,  Clifton  Forge,  Va. 
Wilbanks,  Rev.  A.,  Washington,  D.  C 
Wilson,  Rev.  E.  Arlington,  Muskogee,  Okla. 
Williams,  Rev.  L.  K.,  Chicago,  111. 

FREE  BAPTIST 
List  I 
Anthony,  Rev.  Alfred  Williams,  Lewiston,  Me. 
Lord,  Rev.  Rivington  D.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
McDonald,  H.  F.,  Harper's  Ferry,  W.  Va. 
Mauck,  President  J.  W.,  Hillsdale,  Mich. 
Mosher,  Rev.  George  F.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Stacy,  Rev.  T.  H.,  Concord,  N.  H. 

Alternates 
Ford,  Rev.  H.  M.,  Pittsfield,  Me. 
Webb,  Hon.  L.  M.,  Portland,  Me. 
Davis,  J.  M.,  Rio  Grande,  Ohio 
Chase,  President  George  C,  Lewiston,  Me. 
Myers,  Harry  S.,  New  York  City 
Milliken,  Carl  E.,  Augusta,  Me. 

List  II 
Anthony,  Rev.  Alfred  Williams,  Lewiston,  Me. 
Davis,  Rev.  J.  M.,  Rio  Grande,  Ohio 
Lord,  Rev.  Rivington  D.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Mauck,  President  Joseph  W.,  Hillsdale,  Mich. 

List  III 
Anthony,  Rev.  Alfred  Williams,   Lewiston,  Me. 
Lord,  Rev.  Rivington  D.,  Brooklyn,   N.  Y. 
McDonald,  H.  F.,  Harper's  Ferry,  W.  Va. 


LIST  OF  DELEGATES  315 


Mauck,    President  J.   W.,   Hillsdale,   Mich. 
Mosher,  Rev.  George  F.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Stacy,  Rev.  T.  H.,  Concord,  N.  H. 


CHRISTIAN  CHURCH  i 

List  I  -^' 

Coffin,  Rev.  F.  G.,  Albany,  N.  Y.  i 

♦Lightbourne,  Rev.  A.  W.,  Dover,  Del.  i 

Peters,  Rev.  F.  H.,  New  Bedford,  Mass.  1 

Powers,  Rev.  O.  W.,  Dayton,  Ohio 

Staley,  Rev.  W.  W.,  Suffolk,  Va.  j 

Summerbell,  Rev.  Martyn,  Lakemont,  N.  Y.  J 

Alternates  j 

Morrill,  Rev.  M.  T,  Dayton,  Ohio  :; 

Burnett,  Rev.  J.  F.,  Dayton,  Ohio  • 

Morrill,  Rev.  A.  H.,  Woodstock,  Vt.  ■; 

Atkinson,  Rev.  J.  O.,  Elon  College,  N.  C.  ' 

Conibear,  Rev.  G.  A.,  Fall  River,  Mass.  ' 

Watkins,  Rev.  E.  A.,  Albany,  Mo.  ^ 

List  II  1 

Burnett,  Rev.  J.  F.,  Dayton,  Ohio  ] 

Coffin,  Rev.  F.  G.,  Albany,  N.  Y.  \ 

Powers,  Rev.  O.  W.,  Dayton,  Ohio  ^ 

Staley,  Rev.  W.  W.,  Suffolk,  Va.  1 
Summerbell,  Rev.  Martyn,  Lakemont,  N.  Y. 

List  III  1 

Coffin,  Rev.  F.  G.,  Albany,  N.  Y.  J 

♦Lightbourne,  Rev.  A.  W.,  Dover,  Del.  ' 

Morrill,  Rev.  M.  T.,  Dayton,  Ohio  ^ 

Peters,  Rev.  F.  H.,  New  Bedford,  Mass.  I 

Powers,  Rev.  O.  W.,  Dayton,  Ohio  ^ 

Staley,  Rev.  W.  W.,  Suffolk,  Va.  j 

Summerbell,  Rev.  Martyn,  Lakemont,  N.  Y,  ^ 

CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCH  ^ 

List  I  \ 

Amidon,  Hon.  Charles  F.,  Fargo,  N.  D.  I 

Atkins,  Rev.  G.  Glenn,  Providence,  R.  I.  i 

Beardsley,  Hon.  Henry  M.,  Kansas  City,  Mo.  ; 

Blunt,  Rev.  Harry,  St.  Paul,  Minn.  "\ 

*  Deceased  1 


316  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Carter,  Judge  Orrin  N.,  Springfield,  III. 

Fagley,  Rev,  F.  L.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Eaves,  Rev.  George,  Birmingham,  Ala. 

Goodwin,  Rev.  S.  H.,  Provo,  Utah 

Herring,  Rev.  Hubert  C,  Boston,  Mass. 

Osborne,  Rev.  Naboth,  Burlington,  la. 

Pershing,  Rev.  James  E.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 

Powell,  Rev.  G.  J.,  Billings,  Mont. 

Penrose,  President  Stephen  B.  L.,  Walla  Walla,  Wash. 

Pierce,  Rev.  Jason  N.,  Dorchester,  Mass. 

Rouse,  Rev.  F.  T.,  South  Freeport,  Me. 

Sanders,  Rev.  Frank  K.,  New  York  City 

Thomas,  President  John  M.,  Middlebury,  Vt. 

Warren,  President  H.  K.,  Yankton,  S.  D. 

Morse,  I.  H.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

List  II 
Amidon,  Hon.  Charles  F.,  Fargo,  N.  D. 
Armstrong,  Rev.  A.  H.,  St.  Louis,  Mo, 
Atkinson,  Rev.  H.  A,,  Boston,  Mass. 
Beard,  Rev,  R,  A,,  Fargo,  N,  D, 
Beardsley,  Hon,  Henry  M,,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Blunt,  Rev.  Harry,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
Blythe,  Rev.  R,  B.,  Springfield,  Mo. 
Cobleigh,  Rolfe,  Boston,  Mass, 
Fagley,  Rev.  F.  L.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Fox,  Rev.  Frank,  Decatur,  111, 
Holton,  Rev.  H.  F.,  St,  Louis,  Mo. 
Lawrance,  Marion,  Chicago,  111. 
McElveen,  Rev.  W.  T.,  Evanston,  111. 
Pershing,  Rev.  James  E.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 
Root,  Rev.  E,  T,,  Boston,  Mass. 
Sanders,  Rev.  Frank  K,,  New  York  City 
Sanford,  Rev.  Elias  B„  Rockfall,  Conn. 
Spencer,  Nat.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Woodrow,  Rev.  S,  H,,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Winchester,  Professor  B.  S,,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

List  III 
Amidon,  Hon.  Charles  F.,  Fargo,   N,   D. 
Armstrong,  Rev,  A.  H,,  St,  Louis,  Mo. 
Atkinson,  Rev.  H.  A,,  Boston,  Mass. 
Beard,  Rev.  R.  A.,  Fargo,  N.  D. 


LIST  OF  DELEGATES  317 


Beardsley,  Hon.  Henry  M.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Blunt,  Rev.  Harry,  St.  Paul,   Minn. 

Blythe,  Rev.  R.  B.,  Springfield,  Mo. 

Cobleigh,  Rolfe,  Boston,  Mass. 

Fagley,  Rev.  F.  L.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Fox,  Rev.  Frank,  Decatur,  III. 

Holton,  Rev.  H.  F.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Lawrance,  Marion,  Chicago,  111. 

McElveen,  Rev.  W.  T.,  Evanston,  III. 

Pershing,  Rev.  James  E.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 

Root,  Rev.  E.  T.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Sanders,  Rev.  Frank  K.,  Nev^r  York  City 

Sanford,   Rev.  Elias   B.,   Rockfall,   Conn. 

Spencer,  Nat.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Woodrow,  Rev.  S.  H.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Winchester,  Professor  B.  S.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

DISCIPLES  OF  CHRIST 
List  I 
Abbott,  Rev.  B.  A.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Ainslie,  Rev.  Peter,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Bates,   President  Miner  Lee,   Hiram,   Ohio 
Burnham,  Rev.  F.  W.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Campbell,  Rev.  George  A.,  Hannibal,   Mo. 
Chilton,  Rev.  C.  M.,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 
Clarkson,  W.  Palmer,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Cobbey,  Rev.  F.  E.,  Omaha,  Neb. 
Corey,  Rev.  A.  E.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Crossfield,  President  R.  H.,  Lexington,  Ky. 
Doan,  R.  A.,  Nelsonville,  Ohio 
Elmore,  Rev.  R.  E.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Frank,  Rev.  Graham,  Liberty,  Mo. 
Garrison,  Dr.  J.  H.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Goldner,  Rev.  J.  H.,  Cleveland,  Ohio 
Idleman,  Rev.  Finiss,  New  York  City 
Jones,  Rev.  Edgar  De  Witt,  Bloomington,  111. 
Kershner,  Rev.  F.  D.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Long,  R.  A.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
McCash,  President  I.  N.,  Enid,  Okla. 
McLean,  Rev.  A.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Medbury,  Rev.  Charles  S.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa 
Morgan,  Carey  E.,   Nashville,  Tenn. 
Philputt,  Rev.  A   B.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


318  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Pritchard,  President  H.  0.,  Eureka,  111. 
Richardson,  Rev.  W.  F.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Sheflfer,  Rev.  W.  H.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Sweeney,  Rev.  Z.  T.,  Columbus,  Ind. 
Taylor,  Professor  A.  W.,  Columbia,  Mo. 
Van  Horn,  Rev.  H.  E.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 
Waits,  Rev.  E.  M.,  Ft.  Worth,  Texas 

Alternates 
Batman,  Rev.  L.  G.,  Youngstown,  Ohio 
Bell,  President  Hill  M.,  Des  Moines,  la. 
Cato,  Rev.  B.  F.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
Cramblett,  President  T.  E.,  Bethany,  W.  Va. 
Daugherty,  Rev.  E.  F.,  Vincennes,  Ind. 
Fisher,  Rev.  Stephen  E.,  Champaign,  111. 
Fisher,  Rev.  S.  G.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Fleming,  Fred  W.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Grafton,  Rev.  T.  W.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Howe,  President  T.  C,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Hutchinson,  Rev.  M.  C,  Fulton,  Mo. 
Jones,  Rev.  J.  Boyd,  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 
Jordan,  Rev.  O.  F.,  Evanston,  111. 
Lewis,  Rev.  Grant  K.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Mohorter,   Rev.  J.   H.,   St.  Louis,   Mo. 
Moore,  Rev.  W.  A.,  Tacoma,  Wash. 
Muckley,  Rev.  G.  W.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
McPherson,  Rev.  Chalmers,  Ft.  Worth,  Texas 
McCreary,  Rev.  L.  W.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Peters,  Rev.  H.  H.,  Paris,  111. 
Powell,  Rev.  E.  L.,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Priest,  W.  S.,  Wichita,  Kans. 
Rice,  Rev.  P.  J.,  El  Paso,  Texas 
Shields,  Rev.  D.  H.,  Kokomo,  Ind. 
Sinclair,  Rev.  C.  C,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Spencer,  Rev.  I.  J.,  Lexington,  Ky. 
Tannar,  Rev.  C.  J.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Thrapp,  Rev.  R.  F.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Todd,  President  E.  M.,  Canton,  Mo. 
White,  Rev.  Walter  M.,  Cedar  Rapids,  la. 
Zendt,  Rev.  S.  H.,  Bloomington,  111. 

List  II 
Abbott,  Rev.  B.  A.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Ainslie,  Rev.  Peter,  Baltimore,  Md. 


LIST  OF  DELEGATES  319 


Burnham,  Rev.  F.  W.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Campbell,  Rev.  G.  A.,  Hannibal,  Mo. 
Chilton,  Rev.  C  M.,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 
Oarkson,  William  Palmer,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Cramblett,  President  T.  E.,  Bethany,  W.  Va. 
Elmore,  Rev.  R.  E.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Frank,  Rev.  Graham,  Liberty,  Mo. 
Hutchinson,  Rev.  M.  C,  Fulton,  Mo. 
Jones,  Rev.  Edgar  DeWitt,  Bloomington,  ill. 
Jordan,  Rev.  O.  F.,  Evanston,  111. 
Kershner,  Rev.  F.  D.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
McCash,  President  I.  N.,  Enid,  Okla. 
McCreary,  Rev.  L.  W.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
McLean,  Rev.  A.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Medbury,  Rev.  Charles  S.,  Des  Moines,  la. 
Peters,  Rev.  H.  H.,  Bloomington,  111. 
Pritchard,  President  H.  O.,  Eureka,  111. 
Richardson,  Rev.  W.  F.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Taylor,  Professor  A.  W.,  Columbia,  Mo. 
Todd,  President  E.  M.,  Canton,  Mo. 

List  III 
Abbott,  Rev.  B.  A.,  St  Louis,  Mo. 
Ainslie,  Rev.  Peter,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Bates,  President  Miner  Lee,  Hiram,  Ohio 
Burnham,  Rev.  F.  W.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Campbell,  Rev.  George  A.,  Hannibal,  Mo, 
Chilton,  Rev.  C.  M.,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 
Qarkson,  W.  Palmer,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Cobbey,  Rev.  F.  E.,  Omaha,  Neb. 
Corey,  Rev.  A.  E.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Crossfield,  President  R.  H.,  Lexington,  Ky. 
Doan,  R.  A.,  Nelsonville,  Ohio 
Elmore,  Rev.  R.  E.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Frank,  Rev.  Graham,  Liberty,  Mo. 
Garrison,  Dr.  J.  H.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Goldner,  Rev.  J.  H.,  Cleveland,  Ohio 
Idleman,  Rev.  Finiss,  New  York  City 
Jones,  Rev.  Edgar  De  Witt,  Bloomington,  lit 
Kershner,  Rev.  F.  D.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Long,  R.  A.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
McCash,  President  I.  N.,  Enid,  Okla. 
McLean,  Rev.  A.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 


320  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Medbury,  Rev.   Charles   S.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa 
Morgan,  Carey  E.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Philputt,  Rev.  A.  B.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Pritchard,  President  H.  O.,  Eureka,  III. 
Richardson,  Rev.  W.  P.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Sheffer,  Rev.  W.  H.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Sweeney,  Rev.  Z.  T.,  Columbus,  Ind. 
Taylor,  Professor  A.  W.,  Columbia,  Mo. 
Van  Horn,  Rev.  H.  E.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 
Waits,  Rev.  E.  M.,  Ft.  Worth,  Texas. 

FRIENDS 
List  I 
Hadley,  Ross  A.,  Richmond,  Ind. 
Mills,  Joseph  John,  Pasadena,  Cal. 
Paige,  Mary  S.,  East  Lynn,  Mass. 
Peelle,  Mrs.  Harriet  F.  G.,  Sabina,  Ohio 
Trueblood,  Willard  O.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Wood,  James,  Mount  Kisco,  N.  Y. 

Alternaies 
Edwards,  President  David  M.,  Oskaloosa,  la. 
Thomas,  Wilbur  K.,  Roxbury,  Mass. 
Jones,   Thomas   E.,   Richmond,   Ind. 
Wood,  Carolena  M.,  Mt.  Kisco,  N.  Y. 
Cook,  Esther,  Newcastle,  Ind. 
Coate,  Alvin  T.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

List  II 
Edwards,  President  David  M.,  Oskaloosa,  la. 
Hadley,  Ross  A.,  Richmond,  Ind. 
Paige,  Mary  S.,  East  Lynn,  Mass. 
Peelle,  Mrs.  Harriet  F.  G.,  Sabina,  Ohio 
Trueblood,  Willard  O.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Woodward,  Dr.  Walter  C,  Richmond,  Ind. 

List  III 
Edwards,  President  David  M.,  Oskaloosa,  Ind, 
Hadley,  Ross  A.,  Richmond,  Ind. 
Paige,  Mary  S.,  East  Lynn,  Mass. 
Peelle,  Mrs.  Harriet  F.  G.,  Sabina,  Ohio 
Trueblood,  Willard  O.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Woodward,  Dr.  Walter  C,  Richmond  ,Ind. 


LIST  OF  DELEGATES                               321  I 

i 

GERMAN  EVANGELICAL  SYNOD  ] 
List  I 

Baltzer,  Rev.  John,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  ] 

Bourquin,  Rev.  W.  E.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  ^ 
Enders,  Rev.  Charles,  Detroit,  Mich. 

Hackmann,  Rev.  William,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  .  j 

Horstmann,  Rev.  J.  H.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  j 

Lehmann,  Rev.  T.,   Columbus,  Ohio  j 

Nussmann,   Rev.   George,   St.  Louis,   Mo.  . 

Press,  Rev.  S.  D.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  ; 

Schneider,  Rev.  J.  U.,  Evansville,  Ind.                                             ^  i 

List  II  , 

Baltzer,   Rev.  John,   St.  Louis,   Mo.  ', 

Enders,  Rev.  Charles,  Detroit,  Mich.  '. 
Hackmann,  Rev.  William,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Horstmann,  Rev.  J.  H.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  ' 

Lehmann,  Rev.  T.,  Columbus,  Ohio  '< 

Nussmann,  Rev.  George,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  ; 

Press,  Rev.  S.  D.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  ^ 

Schneider,  Rev.  J.  U.,  Evansville,  Ind.  i 

Stoerker,  Rev.  Paul,  Jefferson  City,  Mo.  ''^ 

List  III  ^ 

Baltzer,  Rev.  John,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  ■] 

Bourquin,   Rev.  W.   E.,    Brooklyn,   N.  Y.  ] 

Enders,  Rev.  Charles,  Detroit,   Mich.  i 

Hackmann,  Rev.  William,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  ' 

Horstmann,  Rev.  J.  H.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  t 

Lehmann,  Rev.  T.,  Columbus,  Ohio  ] 

Nussmann,  Rev.  George,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  J 

Press,  Rev.  S.  D.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  } 

Schneider,  Rev.  J.  U.,  Evansville,  Ind.  ^ 

EVANGELICAL  ASSOCIATION  ] 

List  I  I 

Breyfogel,  Bishop  S.  C,  Reading,  Pa.  i 

Bucks,  Rev.  W.  H.,  Cleveland,  Ohio  1 

Gamertsfelder,  Rev.  S.  J.,  Naperville,  111.  i 

Heinmiller,  Bishop  G.,  Cleveland,  Ohio  i 

Kiekhoefer,  Rev.  H.  J.,  Freeport,  111.  ] 

Seager,  Bishop  L.  H,,  Naperville,  III.  A 

Spreng,  Bishop  S.  P.,  Naperville,  111.  I 


322  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Alternates 
Bowman,  Bishop  Thomas,  Allentown,  Pa. 
Horn,  Bishop  W.,  Cleveland,  Ohio 

List  II 
Breyfogel,  Bishop  S.  C,   Reading,   Pa. 
Bucks,  Rev.  W.  H.,  Cleveland,  Ohio 
Gamertsfelder,  Rev.  S.  J.,  Naperville,  III. 
Kiekhoefer,  Rev.  H.  J.,  Freeport,  111. 
Meckel,  Rev.  T.  C,  Cleveland,  Ohio 
Spreng,  Bishop  S.  P.,  Naperville,  111. 

List  III 
Breyfogel,  Bishop  S.   C,  Reading,  Pa. 
Bucks,  Rev.  W.  H.,  Cleveland,  Ohio 
Gamertsfelder,  Rev.  S.  J.,  Naperville,  III. 
Heinmiller,  Bishop  G.,  Qeveland,  Ohio 
Kiekhoefer,  Rev.  H.  J.,  Freeport,  111. 
Seager,  Bishop  L.  H.,  Naperville,  111. 
Sprcng,  Bishop  S.  P.,  Naperville,  111. 

LUTHERAN  CHURCH,  GENERAL  SYNOD 
List  I 
Delk,  Rev.  E.  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Granville,  President  W.  A.,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
Wenner,  Rev.  G.  U.,  New  York  City 

List  II 
Delk,  Rev.  E.  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Granville,  President  W.  A.,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
Wenner,  Rev.  G.  U.,  New  York  City 

List  III 
Delk,  Rev.  E.  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Granville,  President  W.  A.,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
Wenner,  Rev.  G.  U.,  New  York  City 

MENNONITE  CHURCH 
List  I 
Brandt,  Rev.  D.  J.,  Bally,  Pa. 
Gottshall,  Rev.  W.  S.,  Bluffton,  Ohio 
Haury,  Prof.  G.  A.,  Newton,  Kans. 
Shelly,  Rev.  A.  S.,  Upland,  Cal. 
Toews,  Rev.  David,  Rosthern,  Saskatchewan 


i 

LIST  OF  DELEGATES                               3H  ! 

List  II  j 

Baer,  Rev.  J.  B.,  Summerfield,  111.  ; 

Brandt,  Rev.  D.  J.,  Bally,  Pa.  I 

Gottshall,  Rev.  W.  S.,  Bluffton,  Ohio  j 

Haury,  Prof.  G.  A.,  Newton,  Kans.  '; 

Musselman,  Rev.  S.  M.,  Wayland,  la.  \ 

List  III                    ,  ■ 
Brandt,  Rev.  D.  J.,  Bally,  Pa. 

Gottshall,  Rev.  W.  S.,  Bluffton,  Ohio                                                  "  j 

Haury,  Prof.  G.  A.,  Newton,  Kans.  ; 

Shelly,  Rev.  A.  S.,  Upland,  Gal.  ^ 

Toews,  Rev.  David,  Rosthern,  Saskatchewan  - 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH  | 

List  I  j 

Bishops 

Anderson,  W.  F.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Berry,  J.  F.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  i 

Cranston,  Earl,  Washington,  D.  C.  x 

Hamilton,  Franklin,   Pittsburgh,  Pa.  ^ 

Henderson,  T.  S.,  Detroit,  Mich.  'i 

Hughes,  E.  H.,  Maiden,  Mass.  \ 

McConnell,  Francis  J.,  Denver,  Colo.  ^ 

Mitchell,  C  B.,  St.  Paul,  Minn.  ; 

Nicholson,  Thomas,  Chicago,  111.  j 

Quayle,  W.  A.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  j 

Thirkield,  W.  P.,  New  Orleans,  La.  ] 

Wilson,  Luther  B.,  New  York  City  \ 

Ministers  xj 

Abbott,  B.  F.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  ] 

Ames,  C.  E.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  ^ 

Bacon,  C.  E.,  Vincennes,  Ind.  ^ 

Baker,  P.  A.,  Westerville,  Ohio  ; 

Birney,  L.  J.,  Boston,  Mass.  l 

Blake,  Edgar,  Chicago,  III.  \ 

Boswell,  C  M.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  1 
Bronson,  Dillon,  Boston,  Mass. 

Brown,  W.  E.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  .; 
Brummitt,  Dan  B.,  Chicago,  111. 

Carroll,  Henry  K.,  Washington,  D.  C  ^ 

Conner,  W  F.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  ^ 

Dorion,  E.  C.  E.,  Boston,  Mass,                                                         '"  ^ 


324  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Downey,  D.  G.,  New  York  City 
Elliott,  George,  Mt.  Clemens,  Mich. 
Forsythe,  D.  D,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Frick,  P.  L.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Goucher,  J.  F.,  Altodale,  Pikesville,  Md. 
Haven,  William  L,  New  York  City. 
Hingeley,  J.  B.,  Chicago,  111. 
Hixson,  F.  W.,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
Jones,  R.  E.,  New  Orleans,  La. 
King,  W.  W.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Larkin,  F.   M.,   San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Madsen,  H.  K,  Chicago,  111. 
Mason,  W.  M.,  Baldwin,  Kans. 
Maveety,  P.  J.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Meyer,  H.   H.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Mills,  E.  L.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah 
Mills,  E.  M.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
Murdoch,  L.  C,  Scranton,  Pa. 
Nast,  A.  J.,   Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Nate,  J.   C,  Champaign,  111. 
North,  Frank  Mason,  New  York  City 
Parkin,  F.  P.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Rice,  C.  F.,  Lynn,  Mass. 
Rogers,  S.  A.  D.,  Vandalia,  111. 
Schell,  E.  A.,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa 
Sheridan,  W.  F.,  Chicago,  111. 
Spencer,  C.  B.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Stuart,  C.  M.,  Evanston,  III. 
Swenson,  William,  Chicago,  111. 
Thompson,  John,  Chicago,  111. 
Tipple,  E.  S.,  Madison,  N.  J. 
Tippy,  Worth  M.,  New  York  City 
Van  Orsdel,  W.  W.,  Helena,  Mont 
Van  Pelt,  Samuel,  Rock  Island,  111. 
Waldorf,  E.  L.,  Cleveland,  Ohio 
Wallace,  J.  J.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Ward,  Harry  F.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Wareing,  E.  C,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Watt,  Robert,  Wilmington,  Del. 
Zaring,  E.  R.,  Chicago,  111. 
Laymen 

Brockman,  F.  S.,  New  York  City 
Brown,  George  Warren,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


LIST  OF  DELEGATES  325 

Crawford,  Hanford,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  '] 
.  Dixon,  George  W.,  Chicago,  111. 

Fairbanks,   Charles  W.,  Indianapolis,  Ind.  i 
Gardner,  F.  D.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Harris,  A.  W.,  Evanston,  111.  i 

Hughes,  Robert,  Portland,  Ore.  \ 

Joy,  James  R.,  New  York  City  j 

Kinne,  C.  W.,  Jacksonville,  Fla.  ; 

Messer,  L.  Wilbur,  Chicago,  III.  .             ,                  ^ 

Mott,  John  R.,  New  York  City  \ 
Taylor,  J.  Luther,  Pittsburgh,  Kans. 

Alternates  f^ 

Bishops  1 
McDowell,  W.  F.,  Washington,  D.  C 

Burt,  William,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  { 

Neely,  T.  B.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  ; 

Bristol,  F.  M.,  Chattanooga,  Tenn.  n 
Hamilton,  J.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Stuntz,  H.  C,  Omaha,  Neb.  ^ 

Shepard,  W.  O.,  Wichita,  Kansas  ] 
Leete,  F.  D.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Cooke,  R.  J.,  Helena,  Mont.  1 

Leonard,  A.  W.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  : 

Hughes,  M.  S.,  Portland,  Ore.  i 

The  first  bishop  in  seniority,  resident  in  the  United  States,  not                  i 

already  assigned  for  attendance.  \ 
Ministers  and  Laymen 

Stevens,  Rev.  E.  M.,  Huntingdon,  Pa.  ■ 

Briggs,  Rev.  H.  M.,  M.D.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.                                                   j 

Talbott,  Rev.  E.  Guy,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  ^ 


Rhodes,  Rev.  H.  B.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Clark,  Rev.  H.  Walling,  Rome,  Italy 
Kriege,  Rev.  O.  E.,  Warrenton,  Mo. 
Hurt,  William  H.,  Lebanon,  111. 
Eeebe,  Rev.  J.  A.,  Denver,  Colo. 
Holgate,  Rev.  F.  F.,  Evanston,  III. 
Young,  Rev.  Benjamin,  Topeka,  Kans. 
Smith,  Rev.  E.  Combie,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Koeneke,  Rev.  A.  L.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Hall,  Rev.  Oakley,  F.,  Lafayette,  Ind. 

List  II 
Abbott,  Rev.  B.  F.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


326  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL  \ 


Ames,   Rev.   C.  E.,   St.  Louis,   Mo.  "t 

Baker,  Rev.  P.  A.,  Westerville,  Ohio  1 

Birney,  Dean  L.  J.,  Boston,  Mass.  i 

Blake,  Rev.  Edgar,  Chicago,  111.  J 
Briggs,  Rev.  H.  A.,  San  Francisco,  Gal. 

Brockman,  F.  S.,  New  York  City  -| 

Brown,  George  Warren,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  ^ 

Bruramitt,  Rev.  Dan  B.,  Chicago,  111.  ! 

Carroll,  Rev.  Henry  K.,  Washington,  D.  C  ; 

Qark,  Rev.  N.  Walling,  Rome,  Italy  j 

Crawford,  Hanford,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  i. 

Downey,  Rev.  David  G.,  New  York  City  ] 

Elliott,  Rev.  George,  Mt.  Clemens,  Mich.  ; 

Gardner,  Frederick  D.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  i 

Hall,  Rev.  Oakley,  Lafayette,  Ind.  j 
Haven,  Rev.  William'!,  New  York  City 

Henderson,  Bishop  Theodore  S.,  Detroit,  Mich.  i 
Holgate,  Acting  President  Thomas  F.,  Evanston,  III. 

Hurt,  William  H.,  Lebanon,  111.  ; 

Joy,  James  R.,  New  York  City  '■ 

King,  Rev.  William  Wirt,  Kansas  City,  Mo.  i 

Koeneke,  Rev.  Albert  L.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  "  ■ 

Kriege,  Rev.  Otto  E.,  Warrenton,  Mo.  j 

Mills,  Rev.  Edward  L.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah  i 

Meyer,  Rev.  Henry  H.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio  j: 

Mott,  John  R.,  New  York  City  \ 

Nast,  Rev.  A.  J.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio  ] 

Nate,  Rev.  Joseph  C,  Champaign,  111.  i 

Nicholson,  Bishop  Thomas,  Chicago,  III.  '* 

North,  Rev.  Frank  Mason,  New  York  City  j 

Rhodes,  Rev.   Herbert  B.,   St  Louis,   Mo.  i 

Rice,  Rev.  C.  F.,  Lynn,  Mass.  i, 

Rogers,  Rev.  S.  A.  D.,  Centralia,  111.  .1 

Sheridan,  Rev.  W.  F.,  Chicago,  111.  i 

Smith,  Rev.  E.  Combie,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  ^ 

Spencer,  Rev.  Claudius  B.,  Kansas  City,  Mo.  ? 

Stuart,  Rev.  Charles  M.,  Evanston,  111.  ; 

Talbott,  Rev.  E.  Guy,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  ; 

Tippy,  Rev.  Worth  M.,  New  York  City  i 

Van  Pelt,  Rev.  Samuel,  Rock  Island,  111.  \ 

Wallace,  Rev.  J.  J.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.                                                .  ^ 
Ward,  Rev.  Harry  F.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Wareing,  Rev.  Ernest  C,  Cincinnati,  Ohio  ^ 


LIST  OF  DELEGATES 

Young,  Rev.  Benjamin,  Topeka,  Kans. 
Zaring,  Rev.  E.  R.,  Chicago,  111. 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH,  SOUTH 
List  I 
Ames,  Judge  C,  B.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 
Bain,  Col.  George  W.,  Lexington,  Ky. 
Bradfield,  Rev.  W.  D.,  Dallas,  Texas 
Branch,  L.  W.,  Quitman,  Ga. 
Branscomb,  Rev.  L.   C,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
Candler,  Judge  John  S.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Chambers,  Judge  William  L.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Cockrell,  Judge  Joseph  E.,  Dallas,  Texas 
Cody,  Professor  C.  C,  Georgetown,  Texas 
Coltrane,  D.  B.,  Concord,  N.  C. 
Danner,  A.  C,  Mobile,  Ala. 

Darlington,  President  U.  V.  W.,  Barboursville,  W.  Va. 
Dickenson,  Rev.  R.  E.,  Colorado  Springs,  Col<5. 
Dickey,  Rev.  J.  E.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Dobbs,  Rev.  Hoyte  M.,  Fort  Worth,  Texas 
Durham,  Rev.  Plato  T.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Farris,  Rev.  J.  K.,  Morrilltown,  Ark. 
Fitzhugh,  G.  T.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Flowers,  Professor  R.  L.,  Durham,  N.  C 
Gross,  Rev.  J.  M.,  Ocala,  Fla. 
Hendrix,  Bishop  E.  R.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Hoss,  Bishop  E.  E.,  Muskogee,  Okla. 
Hughes,  Dr.,  Phoenix,  Ariz. 
Kilgore,  Rev.  James,  Dallas,  Texas 
Lamar,  Rev.  A.  J.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Lee,  Rev.  J.  W.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Linebaugh,  Judge  D.  H.,  Muskogee,  Okla. 
Linn,  Rev.  Paul  H.,  Fayette,  Mo. 
Kelley,  Judge  Joseph  L.,  Bristol,  Va. 
Maddin,  Percy  D.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Miller,  Rev.  J.  G.,  Stamford,  Texas 
Mouzon,  Bishop  Edwin  D.,  Dallas,  Texas 
Parker,  Rev.  F.  N.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Prettyman,  Rev.  Forrest  J.,  Washington,  D.  C 
Scott,  John,  Houston,  Texas 
Sensabaugh,  Rev.  O.  F.,  Dallas,  Texas 
Simpson,  Rev.  T.  McN.,  Richmond,  V4» 


328  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Spragins,  Rev.  H.  S.,  Greenville,  Miss. 
Tatum,  T.  H.,  Bishopville,  S.  C. 
Taylor,  Rev.  B.  P.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Taylor,  Rev.  W.  B.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Thomas,  Rev.  Frank  M.,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Watkins,  Rev.  A.  F.,  Jackson,  Miss. 
Whaley,  Rev.  W.  P.,  Camden,  Ark. 
Willson,  Rev.  John  O.,  Greenwood,  S.  C. 
Wooten,  J.  C,  Durham,  N.  C 

Alternates 
Carter,  Rev.  David  W.,  Georgetown,  Texas 
Moses,  Victor,  Corvallis,  Ore. 
Shangle,  Rev.  H.  S.,  Milton,  Ore. 
Lehmberg,  Professor  C.  A.,  Cherokee,  Texas 
Moore,  Rev.  J.  W.,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
Lewis,  Rev.  T.  W.,  D.D.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Enochs,  P.  H.,  Fernwood,  Miss. 
Hartman,  Rev.  P.  D.,  Missoula,  Mont. 
Munger,  R.  S.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
Weaver,  Rev.  R.  M.,  Corinth,  Miss. 
Waste,  Judge  W.  H.,  Berkeley,  Cal. 
Scarritt,  Judge  E.  L.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Glass,  Hon.  Carter,  Lynchburg,  Va. 

List  II 
Bradfield,  Rev.  W.  D.,  Dallas,  Texas 
Branscomb,  Rev.  L.  C,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
Carter,  Rev.  D.  W.,  Georgetown,  Texas 
Cody,  Professor  C.  C,  Georgetown,  Texas 
Dickenson,  Rev.  R.  E.,  Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 
Dobbs,  Rev.  Hoyt  M.,  Fort  Worth,  Texas 
Hendrix,  Bishop  E.  R.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Lee,  Rev.  J.  W.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Lehmberg,  President  C.  A.,  Cherokee,  Texas 
Linn,  Rev.  Paul  H.,  Fayette,  Mo. 
Miller,  Rev.  J.  G.,  Stamford,  Texas 
Moore,  Rev.  J.  M.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Rice,  Rev.  J.  A.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Stowe,  Rev.  J.  J.,  Pulaski,  Tenn. 
Taylor,  Rev.  B.  P.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Taylor,  Rev.  W.  B.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Thomas,  Rev.  Frank  M.,  Louisville,  Ky. 


LIST  OF  DELEGATES  329 

Todd,  Rev.  L.  E.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Weaver,  R.  M.,  Corinth,  Miss. 
Whaley,  Rev.  W.  P.,  Camden,  Ark. 
Willson,  Rev.  John  O.,  Greenwood,  S.  C. 

List  III 
Ames,  Judge  C.  B.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 
Bain,  Col.  George  W.,  Lexington,  Ky. 
Bradfield,  Rev.  W.  D.,  Dallas,  Texas 
Branscomb,  Rev.  L.  C,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
Branch,  L.  W.,  Quitman,  Ga. 
Candler,  Judge  John  S.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Chambers,  Judge  William  L.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Cockrell,  Judge  Joseph  E.,  Dallas,  Texas 
Cody,  Prof.  C.  C,  Georgetown,  Texas 
Coltrane,  D.  B.,  Concord,  N.  C. 
Danner,  A.  C,  Mobile,  Ala. 

Darlington,  President  U.  V.  W.,  Barboursville,  W.  Va. 
Dickenson,  Rev.  R.  E.,  Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 
Dickey,  Rev.  J.  E.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Dobbs,  Rev.  Hoyte  M.,  Fort  Worth,  Texas 
Durham,  Rev.  Plato  T.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Farris,  Rev.  J.  K.,  Morrilltown,  Ark. 
Fitzhugh,  G.  T.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Flowers,  Professor  R.  L.,  Durham,  N.  C. 
Gross,  Rev.  J.  M.,  Ocala,  Fla. 
Hendrix,  Bishop  E.  R.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Hoss,  Bishop  E.  E.,  Muskogee,  Okla. 
Hughes,  Dr.,  Phoenix,  Ariz. 
Kelley,  Judge  Joseph  L.,  Bristol,  Va. 
Kilgore,  Rev.  James,  Dallas,  Texas 
Lamar,  Rev.  A.  J.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Lee,  Rev.  J.  W.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Linebaugh,  Judge  D.  H.,  Muskogee,  Okla. 
Linn,  Rev.  Paul  H.,  Fayette,  Mo. 
Maddin,  Percy  D.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Miller,  Rev.  J.  G.,  Stamford,  Texas 
Mouzon,  Bishop  Edwin  D.,  Dallas,  Texas 
Parker,  Rev.  F.  N.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Prettyman,   Rev.   Forrest  J.,   Washington,   D.   C. 
Scott,  John,  Houston,  Texas 
Sensabaugh,  Rev.  O.  F.,  Dallas,  Texas 
Simpson,  Rev.  T.  McN.,  Richmond,  Va. 


330                      THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL  t 

Spragins,    Rev.   H.    S.,   Greenville,   Miss.  ; 

Tatum,  T.  H.,  Bishopville,  S.  C.  ] 

Taylor,  Rev.  B.  P.,  Kansas  City,  Mo.  ^ 

Taylor,  Rev.  W.  B.,  Nashville,  Tenn.  I 

Thomas,  Rev.  Frank  M.,  Louisville,  Ky.  ^ 
Watkins,  Rev.  A.  F.,  Jackson,  Miss. 

Whaley,  Rev.  W.  P.,  Camden,  Ark.            -              ^  ^ 

Willson,  Rev.  John  O.,  Greenwood,  S.  C.  i 

Wooten,  J.  C,  Durham,  N.  C  'j 

AFRICAN  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH  i 

List  I  \ 

Connor,  Bishop  J.  M.,  Little  Rock,  Ark.  \ 

Coppin,  Bishop  L.  J.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  j 

Parks,  Bishop  H.  B.,  Chicago,  111.  j 

Shaffer,  Bishop  C  T.,  Chicago,  111.  ] 

Smith,  Bishop  C  S.,  Detroit,  Mich.  j 

Williams,  Rev.  S.  A.,  Tampa,  Fla.  ^ 

List  II  \ 

Beard,  Rev.  J.  E.,  Charleston,  S.  C.  ] 

Connor,  Bishop  J.  M.,  Little  Rock,  Ark.  ] 

Coppin,  Bishop  L.  J.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  J 

Felder,   Rev.   S.   P.,   Mound   Bayou,   I^iss.  ', 
Hawkins,  Professor  J.  R.,  V/ashington,  D.  C 

Johnson,  Rev.  John  Quincy,  Columbia,  Tenn.  ] 

Johnson,  William  D.,  Plains,  Ga.  j 

Parks,  Bishop  H.  B.,  Chicago,  111.  j 

Rankin,  Rev.  J.  W.,  New  York  City  J 

Ransom,  Rev.  R.  C,  Oceanport,  N.  J.  : 

Shaffer,  Bishop  C  T.,  Chicago,  111.  : 

Smith,  Bishop  C.  S.,  Detroit,  Mich.  i 

Tanner,  Rev.  C.  M.,  Atlanta,  Ga.  ] 

Williams,  Rev.  S.  A.,  Tampa,  Fla.  j 

Wilson,  Rev.  A.  J.,  Wilmington,  N.  C  a 

List  III  ] 
Beard,  Rev.  J.  E.,  Charleston,  S.  C. 

Connor,  Bishop  J.  M.,  Little  Rock,  Ark.  j 

Coppin,  Bishop  L.  J.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  i 

Felder,  Rev.  S.   P.,  Mound  Bayou,  Miss.  .j 

Hawkins,  Professor  J.  R.,  Washington,  D.  C  j 

Johnson,  Rev,  John  Quincy,  Columbia,  Tenn.  j 


LIST  OF  DELEGATES  331 

Johnson,  William  D.,  Plains,  Ga. 
Parks,  Bishop  H.  B.,  Chicago,  111. 
Rankin,  Rev.  J.  W.,  New  York  City 
Ransom,  Rev.  R.  C,  Oceanport,  N.  J. 
Shaffer,  Bishop  C  T.,  Chicago,  111. 
Smith,  Bishop  C.  S.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Tanner,  Rev.  C.  M.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Williams,  Rev.  S.  A.,  Tampa,  Fla. 
Wilson,  Rev.  A.  J.,  Wilmington,  N.  C 

AFRICAN  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  ZION  CHURCH 

List  I 

Alstork,  Bishop  J.  W.,  Montgomery,  Ala. 
Atkins,  Professor  S.  G.,  Winston-Salem,  N.  C. 
Blackwell,  Bishop  C.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Brown,  Rev.  J.  W.,  New  York  City 
Bruce,  Bishop  R.  B.,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 
Caldwell,  Bishop  J.   S.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.   . 
Callis,  Rev.  H.  J.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Clement,  Bishop  G.  C,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 
Clinton,  Bishop  George  W.,  Charlotte,  N.  C 
Goler,  Dr.  W.  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Kyles,  Bishop  L.  W.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Lee,  Bishop  W.  L.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Wallace,  Rev.  T.  W.,  East  St.  Louis,  111. 
Walters,  Bishop  Alexander,  New  York  Qty 
Warner,  Bishop  A.  J.,  Charlotte,  N.  C 

Alternates 

Anderson,  Rev.  J.  H.,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 
Shaw,  Rev.  B.  G.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Blackwell,  Rev.  W.  A.,  Chicago,  111. 
Walls,  Rev.  W.  J.,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Jones,  Rev.  D.  W.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
Mason,  Rev.  J.  E.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
Wallace,  Rev.  P.  A.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Martin,  Rev.  J.  W.,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Eichelberger,  Rev.  J.  W.,  Warren,  Ark. 
Windfield,  Rev.  J.  R.,  Greenville,  Ala. 
Crockett,  Rev.  J.  W.,  Charlotte,  N.  C 
Wood,  Rev.  G.  W.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Alleyne,  Rev.  C.  C,  Charlotte,  N.  C 


j 

332  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL  ^ 

Carrington,  Rev.  W.  O.,  Salisbury,  N.  C  ] 

Hamblin,  Rev.  W.  L.,  Montgomery,  Ala.  I 


List  II 

Blackwell,  Bishop  C.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Clement,  Bishop  G.  C,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 

Dodson,  E.  J.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Kyles,  Bishop  L.  W.,  St.  Louis,   Mo. 

Martin,  Rev.  John,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Mason,  Rev.  James  Edward,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Shaw,  Rev.  B.  G.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

COLORED  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH 
List  I 
Brown,  Rev.  L.  H.,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Gilbert,  Rev.  John  W.,  Augusta,  Ga. 
Hamlett,  Rev.  J.  A.,  Jackson,  Tenn. 
Lane,  Professor  J.  F,  Jackson,  Tenn. 
McKenzie,  Rev.  R.  M.,  Decatur,  Ala. 
Phillips,  Bishop  C.  H.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Rodgers,  Rev.  Frank  H.,  Holly  Springs,  Miss. 

List  II 
Davis,  Rev.  S.  D.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Dodson,  Rev.  E.  J.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Gilbert,  Rev.  John  W.,  Augusta,  Ga. 
Hamlett,  Rev.  J.  A.,  Jackson,  Tenn. 
Lane,  President  J.  F.,  Jackson,  Tenn. 
Phillips,   Bishop   C.   H.,   Nashville,  Tenn. 
Smith,  Rev.  N.  L.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Warfield,  Rev.  M.  T.,  Kansas  City,  Kans. 

List  III 
Brown,  Rev.  L.  H.,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Gilbert,  Rev.  John  W.,  Augusta,  Ga. 
Hamlett,  Rev.  J.  A.,  Jackson,  Tenn. 
Lane,  Professor  J.  F.,  Jackson,  Tenn. 
McKenny,  Rev.  J.  W.,  Tyler,  Texas 
McKenzie,  Rev.  R.  M.,  Decatur,  Ala. 
Phillips,  Bishop  C.  H.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Rodgers,   Rev.  Frank  H.,  Holly  Springs,  Miss. 
Warfield,  Rev.  M.  T.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 


LIST  OF  DELEGATES  333 

METHODIST  PROTESTANT  CHURCH 

List  I 

Andrews,  Rev.  R.  M.,   Greensboro,  N.  C. 
Baker,  Daniel,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Brooks,  Rev.  B.  A.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Chambers,  Hon.  F.  C,  Steubenville,  Ohio 
Daugherty,  Dr.  C.  L.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Link,  Horace,  Paris,  111. 
Miller,  Rev.  George  H.,  Steubenville,  Ohio 
Lineberry,  Rev.  W.  W.,  Jonesboro,  Ind. 
Varney,  Rev.  F.  W.,  Allenwood,  N.  J. 

List  II 

Andrews,  Rev.  R.  M.,  Greensboro,  N.  C. 
Brooks,  Rev.  B.  A.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Daugherty,  Rev.  C.  L,,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Davis,   Rev.  L.   E.,   Pittsburgh,   Pa. 
Green,  Rev.  A.  J.,  Cuba,  111. 
Hess,  President  Aubrey  S.,  Adrian,  Mich. 
Miller,  Rev.  George  H.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Stephens,  Chancellor  D.  S.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

List  III 

Andrews,  Rev.  R.  M.,  Greensboro,  N.  C. 
Brooks,  Rev.  B.  A.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Daugherty,  Rev.  C.  L.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Davis,  Rev.  L.  E.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Green,  Rev.  A.  J.,  Cuba,  111. 
Hess,  President  Aubrey  S.,  Adrian,  Mich. 
Miller,  Rev.  George  H.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Stephens,  Chancellor  D.  S.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

MORAVIAN  CHURCH 
List  I 
Haupert,  Rev.  Albert,  West  Salem,  111. 
Karow,  Henry,  DeForest,  Wis. 
Leibert,  Rt.  Rev.  Morris  W.,  New  York  Gty 

List  II 

Haupert,  Rev.  Albert,  West  Salem,  III. 
Leibert,  Rt  Rev.  Morris  W.,  New  York  Ci^ 


334  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

List  III 
Haupert,  Rev.  Albert,  West  Salem,  HI. 
Karow,  Henry,  DeForest,  Wis. 
Leibert,  Rt.  Rev.  Morris  W.,  New  York  City 

PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH  IN  THE  U.  S.  A. 
List  I 

Alexander,  Rev.  Maitland,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Baer,  President  John  Willis,  Pasadena,  Cal. 

Beard,  Hon.  E.  E.,  Lebanon,  Tenn. 

Black,  Rev.  William  H.,  Marshall,  Mo. 

Carson,  Rev.  John  P.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Cosby,  W.  M.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 

Coyle,  Rev.  Robert  P.,  Fullerton,  Cal. 

Crowell,  H.  P.,  Chicago,  HI. 

Darby,  Rev.  William  J.,  Evansville,  Ind. 

Elmore,  Rev.  Edgar  A,,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

Erdman,  Rev.  Charles  R.,  Princeton,  N.  J. 

Fulton,  Robert  S.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Gamble,  Devid  B.,  Pasadena,  Cal. 

Hartley,  Rev.  Reuben  H.,  Quincy,  111. 

Hill,  Rev.  Edgar  P.,  Chicago,  111. 

Jessup,  Henry  W.,  New  York  City 

Johnson,  Alba  B.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Jowett,  Rev.  John  H.,  New  York  City 

Landon,  President  Warren  H.,  San  Anselmo,  Cal, 

Little,  Rev.  Charles,  Wabash,  Ind. 

Mackenzie,  Rev.  Robert,   New  York  City 

Mcllwaine,  Judge  John  A.,  Washington,  Pa. 

McKibbin,   Rev.  William,   Cincinnati,   Ohio 
♦Moffat,  Rev.  James  D.,  Washington,  Pa. 

Reynolds,  Rev.  George,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

Roberts,  Rev.  William  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Scott,  William  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Shields,  General  George  H.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Smith,  Rev.  J.  Frank,  Dallas,  Texas 

Stevenson,  Rev.  J.  Ross,  Princeton,  N.  J. 

Stone,  Rev.  John  T.,  Chicago,  111. 

Synnott,   T.   W.,   Wenonah,   N.   J. 

Thompson,  Rev.  William  O.,  Columbus,  Ohio 
♦Wells,  E.  S.,  Lake  Forest,  111. 

*  Deceased 


LIST  OF  DELEGATES  335 


Alternates 
Alexander,  Rev.   George,  New  York  City 
Jones,  Rev.  David  H.,  Evanston,  III. 
Kneeland,  Rev.  N.  D.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Jennings,  Rev.  William  B.,  Germantown,  Pa. 
Russdtl,  Rev.  Daniel,  New  York  City 
McEwan,  Rev.  William  L.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Matthews,  Rev.  Mark  A.,  Seattle,  Wash. 
Radcliffe,  Rev.  Wallace,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Hunter,  Rev.  Robert,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
McCauIey,  Rev.  H.  B.,  Paterson,  N.  J. 
Barr,  Rev.  A.  H.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Minton,  Rev.  H.  C,  Trenton,  N.  J. 
Dixon,  Rev.  John,  New  York  City 
Snowden,  Rev.  James  H.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Davies,  Rev.  John  R.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
McClure,  Rev.  J.  G.  K.,  Chicago,  111. 
Freeman,  Rev.  Robert,  Pasadena,  Cal. 
Templeton,  Rev.   S.   M.,   Rockwell,  Texas 
Bergen,  Rev.  John  T.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Montgomery,  Rev.  R.  Ames,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Edenburn,  Rev.  John  S.,  Toledo,  Ohio 
Work,  Rev.  Edgar  W.,  New  York  City 
Potter,  Hon.  William  P.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Bryan,  Hon.  William  Jennings,  Lincoln,  Neb. 
Holt,  Charles  S.,  Chicago,  111. 
Follansbee,  William  U.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Middlebrook,  V.  E.,  Nacogdoches,  Texas 
Bell,  John  A.,   Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Templeton,  M.  B.,  Dallas,  Texas 
Murray,  Logan  C,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Pitney,  Mahlon,  Washington,  D.  C. 
McCormick,  Cyrus  H.,  Chicago,  III. 
Nichols,  H.  S.  Prentiss,,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Wallis,  Frederick  A.,  New  York  City 

List  II 

Beard,  Hon.  E.  E.,  Lebanon,  Tenn. 

Bergen,  Rev.  John  T.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Biederwolf,  Rev.  W.  K,  Chicago,  111. 

Black,  Rev.  William  H.,  Marshall,  Mo. 

Bryan,   Hon.   William  Jennings,   Lincoln,   Neb. 

Carson,    Rev.   John   F.,   Brooklyn,    N.   Y. 


336  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCII. 

Darby,  Rev.  William  J.,  Evansville,  Ind 
Edenburn,  Rev.  John  S.,  Toledo,  Ohio 
Edwards,  Benjamin  F.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Fulton,  Robert  S.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Hartley,  Rev.  Reuben  H.,  Quincy,  111. 
Hill,  Rev.  Edgar  P.,  Chicago,  111. 
Hunter,  Rev.  Robert,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Jennings,  Rev.  W.  Beatty,  Germantown,  Pa. 
Jones,  Rev.  David  Hugh,  Evanston,  111. 
Landon,  President  Warren  H.,  San  Anselmo,  Gal. 
Little,  Rev.  Charles,  Wabash,  Ind. 
Marquis,  President  John  A.,   Cedar  Rapids,  la. 
McEwan,  Rev.  William  L.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
McKibbin,  Rev.  William,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Minton,  Rev.  Henry  Collin,  Trenton,  N.  J. 
Montgomery,  Rev.  R.  A.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Odell,  Rev.  Arthur  L.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Reynolds,  Rev.  George,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 
Roberts,  Rev.  W.  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Schaff,  Rev.  D.  S.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Scott,  William  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Shields,  Gen.  George  H.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Skilling,  Rev.  David  M.,  Webster  Grove,  Mo. 
Smith,  Rev.  J.  Frank,  Dallas,  Texas 
Templeton,  Rev.  S.  M.,  Rockwall,  Texas 
Thompson,  Rev.  Charles  L.,  New  York  City 
Thompson,  Rev.  William  O.,  Columbus,  Ohio 

List  III 
Barr,  Rev.  Alfred  H.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Beard,  Hon.  E.  E.,  Lebanon,  Tenn. 
Bergen,  Rev.  John  T.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Black,  Rev.  William  H.,   Marshall,  Mo. 
Carson,  Rev.  John  F.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Coyle,  Rev.  Robert  F.,  Fullerton,  Cal. 
Darby,  Rev.  William  J.,  Evansville,  Ind. 
Dixon,  Rev.  John,  New  York  City 
Edenburn,  Rev.  John  S.,  Toledo,  Ohio 
Elmore,  Rev.  Edgar  A.,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
Erdman,  Rev.  Charles  R.,  Princeton,  N.  J. 
Fulton,  Robert  S.,   Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Hartley,  Rev.  Reuben  H.,  Quincy,  111. 
Hill,  Rev.  Edgar  P.,  Chicago,  111. 


LIST  OF  DELEGATES  337 

Hunter,  Rev.  Robert,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Jennings,  Rev.  W.  Beatty,  Germantown,  Pa.  ^ 

Jones,  Rev.  David  H.,  Evanston,  111.  "; 

Landon,  President  Warren  H.,  San  Anselmo,  Cal.  'j 

Little,   Rev.   Charles,   Wabash,    Ind.  • 

Mackenzie,  Rev.  Robert,   New  York  City 

Marquis,  President  John  A.,  Cedar  Rapids,  la.  ] 

McClure,  Rev.  J.  G.  K.,  Chicago,  111.  ; 

McEwan,  Rev.  William  L.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  ■ 

McKibbin,  Rev.  William,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Minton,  Rev.  Henry  Collin,  Trenton,  N.  J^  ; 

Montgomery,  Rev.  R.  A,,  St.  Louis,   Mo.  \ 

Reynolds,  Rev.  George,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y.  ' 

Roberts,  Rev.  W.  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  .     \ 

Scott,  William  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  ] 

Shields,  General  George  H.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Smith,  Rev.  J.  Frank,  Dallas,  Texas  ;, 

Snowden,  Rev.  James  H.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  t 

Stevenson,  Rev.  J.  Ross,  Princeton,  N.  J.  ; 

Templeton,  Rev.  Samuel  M.,  Rockwall,  Texas  ■ 

Thompson,  Rev.  William  O.,  Columbus,  Ohio  ' 

PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH  IN  THE  U.  S.  (SOUTH)  \ 

List  I  ^ 

Crowe,  Rev.  William,  Memphis,  Tenn.  J 

Gumming,  Rev.  William,  Winchester,  Ky.  \ 

Kirkpatrick,  R.  F.,  Memphis,  Tenn.  \ 

McGeachey,  Rev.  A.  A.,  Charlotte,  N.  C.  '\ 

McMillan,   Rev.  Homer,  Atlanta,  Ga.  j 

McMillan,  Rev.  W.  J.,  Baltimore,  Md.  i 

Nisbet,  Rev.  C.  R.,  Kansas  City,  Mo.  ! 

Rennie,  Rev.  Joseph,  Greenwood,  Miss.  ^ 

Smith,  Rev.  J.  K.,  Shreveport,  La.  j 

Sweets,  Rev.  H.  H.,  Louisville,  Ky.  J 

♦Stagg,  Rev.  J.  W.  j 

Alternates  ^ 

Johnson,  Rev.  A.  S.,  Birmingham,  Ala.  i 

Smith,  Rev.  E.  E.,   Owensboro,  Ky.  1 

Ogden,  Rev.  D.  H.,  Atlanta,  Ga.  -^ 

Abbott,  Rev.  E.  F.,  Fulton,  Mo.  1 

Diehl,  Rev.  C.  E.,  Garksville,  Tenn.  ] 

Mooney,  Rev.  U.  D.,  New  Orleans,  La.  i 


*  Deceased 


338  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Storey,  Rev.  G.  T,,  Houston,  Texas 
McFaden,  Rev.  F.  T.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Dark,  Rev.  Melton,  Greensboro,  N.  C. 
McGeachey,  Rev.  D.  P.,  Lewisburg,  W.  Va. 

List  II 
Crowe,  Rev.  William,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Mauze,  Rev.  J.  Leighton,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
McMillan,  Rev.  Homer,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
McMillan,  Rev.  W.  J.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Nisbet,  Rev.  C.  R.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Rennie,  Rev.  Joseph,  Greenwood,  Miss. 
Sweets,  Rev.  K.  H.,  Louisville,  Ky. 

List  III 
Crowe,  Rev.  William,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Gumming,  Rev.  William,  Winchester,  Ky. 
Kirkpatrick,  R.  F.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
McGeachey,  Rev.  A.  A.,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 
McMillan,  Rev.  Homer,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
McMillan,  Rev.  W.  J.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Nisbet,  Rev.  C  R.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Rennie,  Rev.  Joseph,  Greenwood,  Miss. 
Smith,  Rev.  J.  K.,  Shreveport,  La. 
Sweets,  Rev.  H.  H.,  Louisville,  Ky. 
*Stagg,  Rev.  J.  W. 

PROTESTANT  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH 
List  I 
Anderson,  Rt.  Rev.  Charles  P.,  Chicago,  111. 
Bonsall,  Edward  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Brewster,  Rt.  Rev.  Chauncey  B.,  Hartford,  Conn. 
Davis,  Very  Rev.  Carroll  M.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Dodge,  Qarence  P.,  Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 
English,  H.  D.  W.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Gilbert,  Rev.  Charles  K.,  New  York  City 
Glenn,  John  M.,  New  York  City 
Lawrence,  Rt.  Rev.  William,  Boston,  Mass. 
Lines,  Rt.  Rev.  Edwin  S.,  Newark,  N.  J. 
Mclish,  Rev.  J.  Howard,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Pepper,  George  Wharton,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

$  Deceased 


LIST  OF  DELEGATES  339 


Phillips,  Rev.  Z.  B.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Pinchot,  Gifford,   Milford,   Pa. 
Reese,  Rt.  Rev.  Theodore  I.,   Columbus,  Ohio 
Scudder,  Miss  Vida  D.,  Wellesley,  Mass. 
Tomkins,   Rev.    Floyd,    Philadelphia,    Pa. 
Trowbridge,  Rev.  W.  S.,  Michigan  City,  Ind. 
Tyler,  Rev.  Samuel,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
Washburn,   Rev.   L.   C,   Philadelphia,   Pa. 
Williams,  Rt.  Rev.  C.  D.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Williams,  Talcott,  New  York  City 

List  II 
Davis,  Very  Rev.  Carroll  M.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Dodge,  Clarence  P.,  Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 
Glenn,  John  M.,  New  York  City 
Phillips,  Rev.  Z.  B.,   St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Pinchot,  Gifford,  Milford,  Pa. 
Talbot,  Rt.  Rev.  Ethelbert,  S.  Bethlehem,  Pa. 
Trowbridge,  Rev.  W.  S.,  Michigan  City,  Ind. 
Tuttle,  Rt.  Rev.  Daniel  S.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Washburn,  Rev.  L.  C,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Wilkins,  Rev.  J.  J.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

List  III 
Anderson,  Rt.  Rev.  Charles  P.,  Chicago,  111. 
Bonsall,  Edward  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Brewster,  Rt.  Rev.  Chauncey  B.,  Hartford,  Conn. 
Davis,  Very  Rev.  Carroll  M.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Dodge,  Clarence  P.,  Colorado  Springs,  Col. 
English,  H.  D.  W.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Gilbert,  Rev.  Charles  K.,  New  York  City 
Glenn,  John  M.,  New  York  City 
Lawrence,  Rt.  Rev.  William,  Boston,  Mass. 
Lines,  Rt.  Rev.  Edwin  S.,  Newark,  N.  J. 
Melish,  Rev.  J.  Howard,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Pepper,  George  Wharton,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Phillips,  Rev.  Z.  B.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Pinchot,  Gifford,  Milford,  Pa. 
Reese,  Rt.  Rev.  Theodore  L,  Columbus,  Ohio 
Scudder,  Miss  Vida  D.,  Wellesley,  Mass. 
Tomkins,  Rev.  Floyd,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Trowbridge,  Rev.  W.  S.,  Michigan  City,  Ind. 
Tyler,  Rev.  Samuel,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
Washburn,  Rev.  L.  C,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


340  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Williams,  Rt.  Rev.  C  D.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Williams,  Talcott,  New  York  City 

REFORMED  CHURCH  IN  AMERICA 


List  I  \ 


Brandow,  Rev.  John  H.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Brooks,  Rev.  Jesse  W.,  Chicago,  111. 
Gowen,  Rev.  Isaac  W.,  North  Bergen,  N.  J. 
Kuizenga,  Rev.  John,  Holland,  Mich. 
Levington,  Rev.  G.  C,  Tompkinsville,  N.  Y. 
Vennema,   Rev.  Ame,  Holland,  Mich. 
Voorhees,  Rev.  Oscar  M.,  New  York  City 

Alternates 
Mulford,  Rev.  H.  Du  Bois,  Upper  Red  Hook,  N.  ^ 
Hospers,    Rev.    Henry,    Grand   Rapids,   Mich. 
Tyndall,  Rev.  C  H.,  Mt.  Vernon,  N.  Y. 
Johnson,    Rev.   Arthur,   Hackensack,   N.  J. 
Knox,  Rev.  Taber,  Warwick,  N.  Y. 
Harmeling,    Rev.    Henry,    Grand    Haven,    Mich. 
Broek,  Rev.  Albertus  T.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

List  II 
Brandow,  Rev.  John  H.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Broek,  Rev.  A.  T.,  Newark,  N.  J. 
Brooks,  Rev.  Jesse  W.,  Chicago,  111. 
Gowen,  Rev.  Isaac  W.,  North  Bergen,  N.  J. 
Kuizenga,  Rev.  John,  Holland,  Mich. 
Vennema,  President  Ame,  Holland,  Mich. 
Voorhees,  Rev.  Oscar  M.,  New  York  City 

List  III 
Brandow,  Rev.  John  H.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Brooks,  Rev.  Jesse  W.,  Chicago,  111. 
Gowen,  Rev.  Isaac  W.,  North  Bergen,  N.  J. 
Kuizenga,  Rev.  John,  Holland,  Mich. 
Levington,  Rev.  G.  C,  Tompkinsville,  N.  Y. 
Vennema,   Rev.  Ame,  Holland,  Mich. 
Voorhees,  Rev.  Oscar  M.,  New  York  City 

REFORMED  CHURCH  IN  THE  U.  S. 
List  I 
Apple,  Rev.  H.  H.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 
Cramer,  Rev.  W.  S.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 


LIST  OF  DELEGATES  341                     i 

Crawford,  Rev.  James,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  ^ 

Christmati,  Rev.  H.  J.,  Dayton,  Ohio  .  ] 

Darms,  Rev.  J.  M.  G.,  Allentown,  Pa.  I 

Marcus,  Elder  E.  H.,  Louisville,  Ky. 

Miller,  Rev.  Rufus  W.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  '  J 

Musser,  Rev.  C.  J.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Schaeffer,   Rev.  C   E.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Vollmer,  Rev.  Philip,  Dayton,  Ohio  ■ 

i 

Alternates 

Cort,  Rev.  Cyrus,  Overlea,  Md.  i 


Good,  Rev.  George  W.,  Tiffin,  Ohio  ' 

Hay,  Rev.  Ellis  S.,  Chicago,  111.  ■ 

Kalbfleisch,  Rev.  Frank,   Chicago,  111.  ■ 

Kunkel,  Elder  J.  S.  ; 

Mase,  Rev.  S.  B.,  Greensburg,  Pa.  i 

Muehlmeier,  Rev.  Albert,  Monticello,  Wis.  :j 

Muir,  Rev.  W.  J.,  Allentown,  Pa.  ^ 

Neiman,  Elder  S.  R.,  Whitewater,  Kans.  ] 

Von  Tacky,  Elder  F.,  Titusville,  Pa.  \ 

List  II  \ 

Cramer,  Rev.  W.  Stuart,  Lancaster,  Pa.  .1 

Christman,  Rev.  H.  J.,  Dayton,  Ohio  ^ 

Darms,  Rev.  J.  M.  G.,  Allentown,  Pa.  ] 

Good,  Rev.  George  W.,  Akron,  Ohio  j 

Herman,  Professor  Theodore  F.,  Lancaster,  Pa.  | 

Lampe,  Rev.  William  E.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  ^ 

Mase,  Rev.  S.  B.,  Greensburg,  Pa.  ^ 
Richards,  Professor  G.  W.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

Schaeffer,  Rev.  Charles  E.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  < 

Vollmer,  Professor  Philip,  Dayton,  Ohio  ^ 

List  III  \ 

Apple,  Rev.  H.  H.,  Lancaster,  Pa.  \ 

Cramer,  Rev.  W.  S.,  Lancaster,  Pa.  * 

Crawford,  Rev.  James,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  'i 

Christman,   Rev.  H.  J.,  Dayton,  Ohio  I 

Darms,  Rev.  J.  M.  G.,  Allentown,  Pa.  j 

Marcus,  Elder  E.  H.,  Louisville,  Ky.  ; 

Miller,  Rev.  Rufus  W.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  ^ 
Musser,  Rev.   C.  J.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SchaeflFer,  Rev.  C.  E.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  i 

Vollmer,  Rev.  Philip,  Dayton,  Ohio  ; 


342  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

REFORMED  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH 
List  I 
♦Cheney,  Bishop  Charles  Edward 
Fallows,  Bishop  Samuel,  Chicago,  111. 

Alternates 
Rudolph,  Bishop  Robert  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Gibson,  Rev.  Samuel  M.,  Chicago,  111. 

List  II 
Fallows,  Bishop  Samuel,  Chicago,  111. 
Rudolph,  Rt.  Rev.  Robert  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

List  III 
Fallows,  Bishop  Samuel,  Chicago,  111. 
Rudolph,  Rt.  Rev.  Robert  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

REFORMED   PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH 
List  I 
Creswell,  Rev.  A.  S.,  Coulterville,  111. 

Alternate 
Smiley,  Rev.  W.  J.,  Sparta,  111. 

List  II 
Creswell,  Rev.  A.  S.,  Coulterville,  111. 

List  III 
Creswell,  Rev.  A.  S.,  Coulterville,  111. 

SEVENTH-DAY  BAPTIST  CHURCH 

List  I 
Bond,  Rev.  A.  J.  C,  Salem,  W.  Va. 
Davis,  President  Boothe  C,  Alfred,  N.  Y. 
Main,  Rev.  Arthur  E.,  Alfred,  N.  Y. 
Randolph,  Rev.  L.  C,  Milton,  Wis. 

List  II 
Bond,  Rev.  A.  J.  C,  Salem,  W.  Va. 
Davis,  President  Boothe  C,  Alfred,  N.  Y. 
Main,  Rev.  Arthur  E.,  Alfred,  N.  Y. 
Shaw,  Rev  Edwin,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

List  III 
Bond,  Rev.  A.  J.  C,  Salem,  W.  Va. 
Davis,  President  Boothe  C,  Alfred,  N.  Y. 

♦  Deceased 


LIST  OF  DELEGATES  343 


Main,  Rev.  Arthur  E.,  Alfred,  N.  Y. 
Randolph,  Rev.  L.  C,  Milton,  Wisconsin 

UNITED  BRETHREN  CHURCH 
List  I 
Bell,  Bishop  W.  M.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Fout,  Bishop  H.  H.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Funk,   Rev.  W.  R.,  Dayton,  Ohio 
Hough,  Rev.  S.  S.,  Dayton,  Ohio 
Kephart,  Bishop  C.  J.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Mathews,  Bishop  G.  M.,  Dayton,  Ohio 
Miller,  L.  O.,  Dayton,  Ohio 
Phillippi,  Rev.  J.  P.,  Dayton,  Ohio 
Schell,  Rev.  W.  E.,  Dayton,  Ohio 
Weekley,  Bishop  W.  M.,  Parkersburg,  W.  Va. 
Whitney,  Rev.  C,  Dayton,  Ohio 

List  II 
Bell,  Bishop  W.  M.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Fout,  Bishop  H.  H.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Funk,  Rev.  W.  R.,  Daytbn,  Ohio 
Hough,  Rev.  S.  S.,  Dayton,  Ohio 
Kephart,  Bishop  C.  J.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Landis,  Dean  J,  P.,  Dayton,  Ohio 
Mathews,  Bishop  G.  M.,  Dayton,  Ohio 
Miller,  L.  O.,  Dayton,  Ohio 
Phillippi,  J.  P.,  Dayton,  Ohio 
Russell,  Rev.  H.  H.,  Westerville,  Ohio 
Schell,  Rev.  W.  E.,  Dayton,  Ohio 
Whitney,  Rev.  C,  Dayton,  Ohio 

List  III 
Bell,  Bishop  W.  M.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Fout,  Bishop  H.  H.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Funk,  Rev.  W.  R:,  Dayton,  Ohio 
Hough,  Rev.  S.   S.,   Dayton,  Ohio 
Kephart,  Bishop  C  J.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Landis,  Dean  J.  P.,  Dayton,  Ohio 
Mathews,  Bishop  G.  M.,  Dayton,  Ohio 
Miller,  L.  O.,  Dayton,  Ohio 
Phillippi,  J.  P.,  Dayton,  Ohio 
Russell,   Rev.   H.   H.,   Westerville,   Ohio 
Weekley,  Bishop  W.  M.,  Parkersburg,  W.  Va. 


144  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

UNITED  EVANGELICAL  CHURCH 
List  I 
*Dubs,  Bishop  R. 

Fouke,  Bishop  W.  H.,  Naperville,  111. 
Hartzler,  Rev.  H.  B.,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
Heil,  Rev.  W.  F.,  Allentown,  Pa. 
Swengel,  Bishop  U.  F.,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

Alternates 
Stanford,  Rev.  W.  M.,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
Curry,  Rev.  J.  Q.  A.,  Johnstown,  Pa. 

List  II 
Fouke,  Bishop  W.  H.,  Naperville,  111. 
Mock,  Rev.  C.  A.,  LeMars,  la. 
Poling,  Rev.  D.  A.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Swengel,  Bishop  U.  F.,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

List  III 
*Dubs,  Bishop  R. 

Fouke,  Bishop  W.  H.,  Naperville,  III. 
Hartzler,  Rev.  H.  B.,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
Heil,  Rev.  W.  F.,  Allentown,  Pa. 
Swengel,  Bishop  U.  F.  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

UNITED  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH 
List  I 
Hutchison,  Rev.  R.  A.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Innes,  George,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Kyle,  Rev.  Joseph,  Xenia,  Ohio 
McGill,  Rev.  D.  F.,  Ben  Avon,  Pa. 
Rankin,  Rev.  J.   D.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Thompson,  Rev.  J.  A.,  Tarkio,  Mo. 
Williamson,  Rev.  W.  C,  Clarinda,  la. 

Alternate 
Moorehead,  Rev.  John  H,,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

List  II 
Hutchison,  Rev.  R.  A.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Kyle,  Rev.  Joseph,  Xenia,  Ohio 
McGill,  Rev.  D.  F.,  Ben  Avon,  Pa. 
Moorehead,  Rev.  John  H.,  St.  Louis,  Mok 

*  Deceased 


LIST  OF  DELEGATES 


345 


Thompson,  Rev.  J.  A.,  Tarkio,  Mo. 
Williamson,  Rev.  W.  C,  Clarinda,  la. 

List  III 
Hutchison,  Rev.  R.  A.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Innes,  George,   Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Kyle,  Rev.  Joseph,  Xenia,  Ohio 
McGill,  Rev.  D.  F.,  Ben  Avon,  Pa. 
Moorehead,  Rev.  John  H.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Thompson,  Rev.  J.  A.,  Tarkio,  Mo. 
Williamson,  Rev.  W.  C,  Qarinda,  la. 

WELSH  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH 
List  I 
Evans,  Rev.  William  E.,  Mankato,  Minn. 

X  List  II 

Evans,  Rev.  William  E.,  Mankato,  Minn. 
Jones,  Rev.  J.  C,  Chicago,  111. 
Williams,  Rev.  R.  E.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

MEMBERS    OF    EXECUTIVE    COMMITTEE,    COMMISSIONS. 

AND  EXECUTIVE  OFFICERS  NOT  ENROLLED 

IN   PREVIOUS   LISTS 

Hart,  Rev.  Hastings  H. 
Haworth,  Rev.  Richard 
Hicks,  Harry  Wade 
Holgate,  Dean  Thomas  F. 
Holmquist,  Miss  Louise 
Holt,  Rev.  Arthur  E. 
Holt,   Hamilton 
Hyde,  A.  A. 

Jacobs,  Rev.  Wm.  States 
Janney,  Charles  P. 
Johnson,  Rev.  Crates  S. 
Kelly,  President  Robert  L. 
Kimball,  Alfred  R. 
Laidlaw,  Rev.  Walter 
Landis,  President  J.  P. 
Lawrance,  Marion 
Lewis,  Robert  E. 
Macfarland,  Rev.  Charles  S. 
McAfee,  J.  E. 
Millar,  William  B. 


Anderson,  Neal  L. 
Anderson,  Rev.  Stonewall 
Beck,  Rev.  C.  H. 
Bolger,  Thomas  J. 
Brewbaker,  Rev.  Charles  W. 
Bulla,   Rev.   Charles  D. 
Cannon,  Rev.  James,  Jr. 
Chappell,  Miss  Winifred  L. 
Clarke,  Rev.  James  E. 
Colton,  E.  T. 
Cook,  John  W. 
Cutler,  Miss  Ethel 
David,  Rev.  G.  F. 
Fisher,  George  J.,  M.D. 
Gill,  Rev.  Charles  O. 
Goodman,  Fred  S. 
Gouwens,  Rev.  Teunis  E. 
Green,  Rev.  C.  R. 
Guild,  Rev.  Roy  B. 
Gulick,  Rev.  Sidney  L. 


346 


THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 


Millard,  Rev.  W.  B. 
Mills,  Rev.  Charles  S. 
Morton,  James 
Mosiman,  President  S.  K. 
Mott,  John  R. 
Pearce,  W.  C 
Purdy,  Rev.  Ellison  R. 
Rankin,  Rev.  E.  W. 
Rawlings,  Rev.  E.  H. 
Rice,  Rev.  E.  W. 
Roberts,   Albert   E. 
Scanlon,  Rev.  Charles 
Scoville,  Rev.  Charles  R. 
Shipp,  Fred  B. 


Siddall,  Rev.  A.  C. 
Smith,  Fred  B. 
Smither,  Rev.  A.  C. 
Stelzle,   Rev.    Charles 
Sweets,  Rev.  David  M. 
Taylor,  Rev.  R.  Howard 
Tillett,  Dean  Wilbur  F. 
Towson,  Charles  R. 
Vermilye,  Miss  E.  B. 
Webb,  Rev.  George  T. 
Weir,  Rev.  William  F. 
White,  Rev.  James  A. 
Whitmore,  James  A. 


THOSE  ATTENDING   CONFERENCES   NOT   ENROLLED   IN 
PREVIOUS  LISTS 


Alexander,  John  L. 
Allen,  Mrs.  John  S. 
Anderson,  Rev.  A.  L. 
Arnold,  Arthur  L. 
Atkins,  Rev.  Henry  Pearce 
Beard,  Miss  Harriet  E. 
Booth,  Rev.  John  H. 
Bowmar,  Herman 
Boyd,  Rev.  W.  W. 
Brandt,  Rev.  J.  L. 
Brown,  Rev.  William  A. 
Buckingham,  S.  C. 
Caldwell,  Jesse  C. 
Calhoun,  C.  K. 
Coe,  Professor  George  A. 
Cole,  Rev.  E.  Calvin 
Conde,  Miss  Bertha 
Cook,  John  W. 
Culbreth,  J.  M. 
Cunningham,  Mrs.  Effie  L. 
Davis,  Rev.  S.  D. 
DePew,  Qarence  L. 
Foster,  Eugene  C. 
Fuerbringer,  L. 
Geit2,  G. 
Greene,  Rev.  Thomas  E. 


Guy,  Rev.  R.  W. 
Hall,  Colby  D. 
Hamann,  W.  F. 
Hamilton,  William 
Harmon,  Rev.  Cameron 
Harris,  Rev.  W.  H. 
Herben,  Rev.  J.  Douglas 
Hoben,  Allen 
Hopkins,  Robert  M. 
Ireland,  Rev.  R.  E. 
James,  Frank  L. 
Johnston,  William  G. 
Kindall,  Rev.  J.  S. 
Lamson,  Rev.  T.  L. 
Lehmberg,   C.  A. 
Lemmon,  Rev.  C.  E. 
Lewis,  Robert  E. 
Long,  C.  C. 
Lyman,  Rev,  Homer  C. 
McColloch,  Miss  Rhoda  E. 
MacFarland,  Miss  Elizabeth 
McGee,  Rev.  Z.  E. 
McKean,  Rev.  J.  W. 
Major,  Charles  L. 
Mathes,  Mrs.  George  McGown 
Miley,  Rev.  W.  H. 


LIST  OF  DELEGATES  .147 

Minor,  P.  E.  Studcr,  A.  G. 

Morton,  James  Taylor,  Mrs.  Helen  M.  A. 

Mumford,  Rev.  Manly  J.  Ten  Broek,  G.  H. 

Nelson,  Rev.  C.  G.  Thomson,  Sydney  H. 

Norton,  W.  B.  Wakefield,  Rev.  Ralph 

Parker,  Rev.  Clarke  R.  Washington,  L.  J. 

Paul,  Rev.  A.  R.  Wayman,  H.  C. 

Paulson,  Leonard  White,  James  A. 

Perry,  Rev.  William  W.  Wieand,  Alfred  C. 

Robinson,  Edgar  M.  Williamson,  O.  R. 

Robison,  Henry  B.  Wood,  John  A. 

Smith,  Lansing  F.  Ycrgin,  Rev.  Mr. 
Stevenson,  E.  B. 


xvm.  \ 

Committees  of  the  Church  Federation  of  St.  Louis  i 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  ' 

of  the  ' 

COMMITTEE    ON    ARRANGEMENTS    FOR    THE    FEDERAL  ] 

FEDERAL  COUNCIL  MEETING— DEC  4-1!,  1916  .- 

Officers  ] 

Rev.  W.  C.  Bitting,  Chairman  *^ 
Rev.  S.  H.  Woodrow,  First  Vice-President 

George  Warren  Brown,  Second  Vice-President  1 

Lansing  F.  Smith,  Treasurer  \ 

Rev.  Clair  E.  Ames,  Secretary  ] 

Chairmen  of  Standing  Committees  1 

On  Entertainment  and  Hospitality,  Rev.  John  A.  Rice  'i 

On  Public  Meetings  and  Speakers,  Rev.  J.  Layton  Mauze  ^ 

On  Publicity,  Very  Rev.  Carroll  M.  Davis  ; 
On  Transportation,  A.  Blair  Ridington 

On  Places  of  Meeting,  George  W.  Sutherland  ■ 

On  Qerical  Assistants  and  Equipment,  A.  L.  Abbott  j 
On  Pulpit  Supply,  Rev.  B.  A.  Abbott 

THE  CHURCH  FEDERATION  OF  ST.  LOUIS 

1916—1917             .  ; 

Officers  ; 

President,  Very  Rev.  Carroll  M.  Davis  ^ 

First  Vice-President,  George  Warren  Brown  j 

Second  Vice-President,  Rev.  B.  A.  Abbott  ^ 

Third   Vice-President,  Rev.  R.  A.  Montgomery  i 

Recording  Secretary,  James  J.  Parks  A 

Executive  Secretary,  Rev.  Clair  E.  Ames  ? 

Treasurer,  A.  O.  Wilson  ^ 

Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee,  Rev.  Horace  F.  Holton  : 


Members  of  the  Executive  Committee  as  Past  Presidents 
Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  Daniel  S.  Tuttlc 
Rev.  James  W.  Lee 

348 


ST.  LOUIS  CHURCH  FEDERATION  34! 

LECTiVE  Members 
Class  of  1917 
Rev.  John  A.  Rice  Melville  L.  Wilkinson 

Rev.  Samuel  H.  Woodrow  George  W.  Simmons 

Rev.  John  W.  Maclvor  Rev.  E.  Combie  Smith 

Class  of  1918 
Rev.  W.  C  Bitting  Rev.  L.  W.  McCreary 

B.  F.  Edwards  Christian  Bernet 

Rev.  Horace  F.  Holton  W.  M.  Sloan 

Class  of  1919 
Rev.  Wm.  Hackmann  Rev.  Wm.  Robert  King 

Lee  W.  Grant  A.  L.  Abbott 

Rev.  Z.  B.  T.  Phillips  W.  Scott  Hancock 

Chairmen  of  Departments 
Religious  Education,  Lansing  F.  Smith 
Evangelism,  Rev.  J.  Lay  ton  Mauze 
Finance,  James  E.  Fogg 

General  Financial  Appeals,  John  B.  Edwards 
Comity,  Rev.  A.  H.  Armstrong 
Social  Service,  George  B.  Mangold 
Big  Brothers,  J.  L.  Howell 

Ex  Officio 
Philemon  Bevis,  General  Secretary  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
Miss  Mary  E.  S.  Colt,  General  Secretary  Y.  W,  C.  A. 


XIX. 

Officers  of  the  Federal  Council 

President,  Rev.  Frank  Mason  North 
Honorary  Secretary,  Rev.  Elias  B.  Sanford 
Recording  Secretary,  Rev.  Rivington  D.  Lord 
Treasurer,  Alfred  R.  Kimball 
General  Secretary,  Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland 

Vice-Presidents 
Baptist  Churches,  North 
Rev.  William  C  Bitting,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
National  Baptist  Convention 

Free  Baptist  Churches 
Hon.  Carl  E.  Milliken,  Augusta,  Me. 

Christian  Church 
Rev.  Frank  G.  Coffin,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Congregational  Churches 
Rev.  G.  Glen  Atkins,   Providence,  R.  I. 

Disciples  of  Christ 
E.  M.  Bowman,  Chicago,  111. 

Friends 
Dr.  Joseph  John  Mills,  Pasadena,   Gal. 

German  Evangelical  Synod 
Rev.  John  Baltzer,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Evangelical  Association 

Lutheran  Church,  General  Synod 
Professor  Victor  Tressl^r,   Springfield,  Ohio 

Mennonite  Church 
Rev.  A.'  S.  Shelly,  Upland,  Cal. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
Bishop  Luther  B.  Wilson,  New  York  City 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South 
Bishop  Edwin  D.  Mouzon,  Dallas,  Texas 

African  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
Bishop  L.  J.  Coppin,   Philadelphia,  Pa. 

African  Methodist  Episcopal  Zion  Church 
Bishop  L.  W.  Kyles,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

350 


i 

NEW  OFFICERS  AND  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE    351  \ 

\ 

Colored  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  America  ■^ 

Bishop  C  H.  Phillips,  Nashville,  Tenn.  ■ 

Methodist  Protestant   Church 
Rev.  Charles  H.  Beck,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Moravian  Church  < 

Rt.  Rev.  C  L.  Moench,  Bethlehem,  Pa.  ■) 

Presbyterian  Church  in  the  U.  S.  A.  .] 
Rev.  John  A.  Marquis,  Cedar  Rapids,  la. 

Presbyterian  Church  in  the  U.  S. 

Rev.  William  Crowe,  Memphis,  Tenn.  > 

Protestant   Episcopal   Commissions   on   Christian  Unity   and 

Social  Service  { 

Very  Rev.  Carroll  M.  Davis,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  -  i 

Reformed  Church  in  America  i 

Rev.  John  E.  Kuizenga,  Holland,  Mich.  i 

Reformed  Church  in  the  U.  S.  r.. 

Rev.  J.  M.  G.  Darms,  Allentown,  Pa.  i 

Reformed  Episcopal  Church  ) 

Rev.  Joseph  D.  Wilson,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  - 

Reformed  Church,  General  Synod  < 

Seventh  Day  Baptist  Church 

Rev.  A.  L.  Davis,  North  Loup,  Neb.  j 

United  Brethren  Church  i 
Bishop  William  M.  Bell,  Los  Angeles,   Cal. 

United  Evangelical  Church  ] 

Rev.  H.  B.  Hartzler,  Harrisburg,  Pa.  .  ^ 

United  Presbyterian  Church  * 

Rev.  D.  F.  McGill,  Ben  Avon,  Pa.  j 

Welsh  Presbyterian  Church  j 

Rev.  W.  E.  Evans,  Mankato,  Minn.  \ 

•I 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  \ 

Officers  \ 

Chairman,  to  be  elected  ] 

Vice-Chairman,  Hon.  Henry  M.  Beardsley  \ 

Recording  Secretary,  Rev.  Rivington  D.  Lord  { 

Members  by  Virtue  of  Section  IX  of  the  CoNSTiTunoir  I 

Bishop  E.  R.  Hendrix                          Rev.  Rivington  D.  Lord  i 


Rev.  William  H.  Roberts  Alfred  R.  Kimball 

Dean  Shailer  Mathews  Rev.  Frank  Mason  North 


3S2  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 
Denominational  Members 

Baptist  Churches,  North 
Rev.  Robert  A.  Ashworth,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
President  Clarence  A.  Barbour,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
Professor  Wooster  W.  Beman,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 
Rev.  Howard  B.  Grose,  Boston,  Mass. 
Rev.  Albert  G.  Lawson,  Jamaica,  N.  Y. 

National  Baptist  Convention 
Rev.  W.  G.  Parks,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Professor  R.  B.  Hudson,  Selma,  Ala. 
Rev.     S.  A.  Mosley,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
H.  W.  Holloway,  Helena,  Ark. 
Rev.  I.  A.  Thomas,  Evanston,  111. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Jernagin,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Free  Baptist  Churches 
President  Joseph  W.  Mauck,  Hillsdale,  Mich. 
Rev.  Alfred  Williams  Anthony,  Lewiston,  Me. 

Christian  Church 
Rev.  Martyn  Summerbell,  Lakemont,  N.  Y. 
Rev.  Oliver  W.  Powers,  Dayton,  Ohio 

Congregational  Churches 
Hamilton  Holt,  New  York  City 
Rev.  Hubert  C.  Herring,  Boston,  Mass. 
Rev.  W.  T.  McElveen,  Evanston,  111. 

Disciples  of  Christ 
Rev.  Peter  Ainslie,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Rev.  Finiss  S.  Idleman,  New  York  City 
Rev.  Graham  Frank,  Liberty,  Mo. 
Rev.  F.  W.  Burnham,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
Frank  H.  Main,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Friends 
President  David  M.  Edwards,  Oskaloosa,  la. 
Walter  C.  Woodward,  Richmond,  Ind. 

German  Evangelical  Synod 
Rev.  William  E.  Bourquin,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Professor  S.  D.  Press,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Evangelical  Association 
Bishop  S.  C.  Breyfogel,  Reading,  Pa. 

Lutheran  Church,  General  Synod 
Rev.  George  U.  Wenner,  New  York  City 
President  William  Granville,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 


NEW  OFFICERS  AND  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE    353                     ■ 

'i 

Mennonite  Church  l 
President  S.  K.  Mosiman,  Bluffton,  Ohio 

Professor  S.  M.  Rosenberger,   Philadelphia,  Pa.                                                     '^ 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church  ^ 

George  Warren  Brown,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  j 
Rev.  David  G.  Downey,  New  York  City 

Rev.  George  Elliott,  Mt.  Clemens,  Mich.  /      J 

Rev.  D.  D.  Forsythe,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  j 

Thomas  R.  Fort,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  ■ 
Rev.  William  I.  Haven,  New  York  City 

Rev.  C.  F.  Rice,  West  Lynn,  Mass.  J 

G.  M.  Spurlock,  York,  Neb.  ,' 

Rev.  Charles  M.  Stuart,  Evanston,  111.  i 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South  I 

Rev.  John  M.  Moore,  Nashville,  Tenn.  ■ 

Rev.  Frank  M.  Thomas,  Louisville,  Ky.  ' 

Rev.  Paul  H.  Linn,  Fayette,  Mo.  i 

Rev.  Hoyt  M.   Dobbs,  Dallas,  Texas  -^ 

Rev.  L.  C.  Branscomb,  Birmingham,  Ala.  'I 

D.  B.  Coltrane,  Concord,  N.  C.  J 

African  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  ^ 

Bishop  H.  B.  Parks,  Chicago,  111.  | 

Professor  John  R.  Hawkins,  Washington,  D.  C 

Rev.  R.  C.  Ransom,  Ocean  Port,  N.  J.  ^ 

African  Methodist  Episcopal  Zion  Church  ] 

♦Rev.  Henry  J.  Callis,  Washington,  D.  C.  ^ 

Professor  S.  G.  Atkins,  Winston  Salem,   N.  C. 

Rev.  James  E.  Mason,  Rochester,  N.  Y.  j 

Colored  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  America  I 

Bishop  N.  C.  Cleaves,  Memphis,  Tenn.  \ 

Rev.  J.  A.  Hamlett,  Jackson,  Tenn.  | 

Rev.  John  W.  Gilbert,  Augusta,  Ga.  ■ 

Methodist  Protestant  Chureh  \ 

Rev.  Lyman  E.  Davis,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  j 

Hon.  F.  C.  Chambers,  Steubenville,  Ohio  s 

Moravian  Church  \ 

Rt.  Rev.  Morris  W.  Leibert,  New  York  City  \; 

Allen  W.  Stephens,  New  York  City  \ 

Presbyterian  Church  in  the  U.  S.  A.  .                                \ 

Rev.  C.  L.  Thompson,  New  York  City  ^ 


*  Deceased 


354  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Rev.  Henry  Collin  Minton,  Trenton,  N.  J. 
Rev.  William  H.  Black,  Marshall,  Mo. 
William  H.  Scott,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
James  Yereance,  New  York  City 

Presbyterian  Church  in  the  U.  S.  ] 

Rev.  J.  F.  Cannon,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  ■ 

F.  T.  Glasgow,  Lexington,  Va.  i 

Protestant   Episcopal    Commissions   on    Christian    Unity   and  j 

Social  Service  - 

Rt.  Rev.  Ethelbert  Talbot,  So.  Bethlehem,  Pa.                                             ; 

Bishop  Charles  P.  Anderson,  Chicago,  111.  ; 

Robert  H.  Gardiner,  Gardiner,  Me.  i 

John  M.  Glenn,  New  York  City  ^ 

Reformed  Church  in  America  i 

Rev.  Albertus  T.  Broek,  Newark,  N.  J.  ] 

Rev.  Isaac  W.  Gouwen,  North  Bergen,  N.  J.                                               i 

Reformed  Church  in  the  U.  S.  ] 

Rev.  Rufus  W.  Miller,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  j 

Rev.  Charles  E.  Schaeffer,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  j 

Reformed  Episcopal  Church  ] 

Bishop  Samuel  Fallows,  Chicago,  111.  | 

Bishop  Robert  L.  Rudolph,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  ! 

Reformed  Presbyterian  Church,  General  Synod  -i 

Seventh  Day  Baptist  Church  \ 

Rev.  Arthur  E.  Main,  Alfred,  N.  Y.  i 

William  C.  Hubbard,  Plainfield,  N.  J.  ] 

United  Brethren  Church  ^ 

Bishop  G.  M.  Mathews,  Dayton,  Ohio  i 

L.  O.  Miller,  Dayton,  Ohio  \ 

United  Evangelical  Church 
Bishop  U.  F.  Swengel,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

J.  J.  Nungesser,  Harrisburg,  Pa.  ; 

United  Presbyterian  Church  /                                l 

Rev.  R.  A.  Hutchison,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  l 

M.  Clyde  Kelly,  Washington,  D.  C.  \ 

Welsh  Presbyterian  Church  ] 

Rev.  John  C.  Jones,  Chicago,  111.  ; 

Dr.  E.  J.  Jones,  Oak  Hill,  Ohio  i 


Alternates  for  the  Executive  CoMMiTTKt 
Baptist  Churches,  North 
Professor  William  H.  Allison,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


NEW  OFFICERS  AND  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE    355 

Professor  C.  J.  Galpin,  Madison,  Wis, 
William  J.  Fischer,   St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Rev.  Clifton  D.  Gray,  Chicago,  111. 
Rev.  Orlo  J.  Price,  Lansing,  Mich. 
National  Baptist  Convention 

Free  Baptist  Churches 
Hon.  Lindley  M.  Webb,  Portland,  Me. 
Rev.  Thomas  H.  Stacey,  Concord,  N.  H. 

Christian  Church 
President  William  A.  Harper,  Elon  College,  N.  C.  , 

Hermon  Eldredge,  Erie,  Pa. 

Congregational  Churches 
Rev.  H.  F.  Holton,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Rev.  E.  T.  Root,  Boston,  Mass. 
Rev.  R.  A.  Beard,  Fargo,  N.  D. 

Disciples  of  Christ 
Rev.  J.  H.  Garrison,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Rev.  W.  F.  Richc»rdson,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Rev.  John  R.  Ewars,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Rev.  B.  A.  Abbott,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Rev.  A.  B.  Philput,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Friends 
Rev.  Willard  O.  Trueblood,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Mrs.  Harriet  S.  G.  Peelle,  Sabina,  Ohio 

German  Evangelical  Synod 

Evangelical  Association 

Lutheran  Church,  General  Synod 
Rev.  Frederick  Knubel,  New  York  City 
Rev.  Luther  De  Yoe,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Mennonite  Church 
Rev.  Jacob  Synder,  Roaring  Springs,  Pa. 
Professor  G.  A.  Haury,  Newton,  Kans. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
Bishop  W.  F.  McDowell,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Dr.  James  R.  Joy,  New  York  City 
Rev.  J  C  Arbuckle,  Columbus,  Ohio 
Rev.  Edgar  Blake,  Chicago,  111. 
Rev.  A.  J.  Nast,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 
J.  D.  Bluffton,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Rolla  V.  Watt,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


356                     THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL  ] 

Rev.  E.  S.  Ninde,  Providence,  R.  I.  ] 

J.  Frank  Hanley,  Indianapolis,  Ind.  ] 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South  \ 

Rev.  B.  P.  Taylor,  Kansas  City,  Mo.  ^ 

Rev.  R.  E.  Dickenson,  Colorado  Springs,  Colo.  ] 

Rev.  James  W.  Lee,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  j 

Dean  Wilbur  F.  Tillett,  Nashville,  Tenn.  ^ 

Judge  John  S.  Candler,  Atlanta,  Ga.  i 

African  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  \ 
Bishop   C.  T.   Shaffer,   Chicago,   111. 

Rev.  S.  P.  Felder,  Mound  Bayou,  Miss.  I 

Rev.  J.  Q.  Johnson,  Columbia,  Tenn.                                      ~  : 

African  Methodist  Episcopal  Zion  Church  ) 

Bishop  George  C.  Clement,  Charlotte,  N.  C.  \ 

Rev.  John  Martin,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  \ 

Colored  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  America  ^ 

Dr.  G.  W.  Noble,  Louisville,  Ky  j 

G.  F.  Porter,  Jackson,  Tenn.  J 
Rev.  T.  A.  Bowers,  Paxico,  Kans. 

Methodist  Protestant  Church  '\ 
President  H.  L.  Elderdice,  Westminster,  Md. 

Sylvester  Pearsall,   Lynbrook,  L.  I.  : 

Moravian  Church  ,' 

E.  G.  Hoyler,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  ] 

Rev.  Arthur  D.  Thaeler,  Bethlehem,  Pa.  I 

Presbyterian  Church  in  the  U.  S.  A.  t. 

Rev.  George  Reynolds,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y.  \ 

Rev.  John  T.  Bergen,  Minneapolis,  Minn.  J 

Rev.  James  E.  Clarke,  Nashville,  Tenn.  \ 

Mr.  R.  L.  Rees,  New  York  City  H 

J.  Lewis  Twaddell,  Devon,  Pa.                                                    '  -I 

Presbyterian  Church  in  the  U.  S.  ; 

Rev.  Russell  Cecil,  Richmond,  Va.  \ 

W.  F.  Stevenson,  Cheraw,  S.  C.  'i 

Protestant   Episcopal   Commissions   on   Christian    Unity   and  i 

Social  Service  \ 

Bishop  Theodore  I.  Reese,  Columbus,  Ohio  \ 

Rev.  Samuel  Tyler,  Rochester,  N.  Y.  1 

Rev.  Floyd  Tomkins,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  j 

George  Wharton  Pepper,  Philadelphia,   Pa.                                     '  ] 

Reformed  Church  in  America  I 

Rev.  Ame  Vennema,  Holland,  Mich.  j 


NEW  OFFICERS  AND  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE    357 

Rev.  Jesse  W.  Brooks,  Chicago,  111. 

Reformed  Church  in  the  U.  S. 
Rev.  H.  J.  Christman,  Dayton,  Ohio 
Rev.  W.  S.  Cramer,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

Reformed  Episcopal  Church 
Rev.  William  D.  Stevens,  New  York  City 
Rev.  Samuel  M.  Gibson,  Chicago,  111. 

Reformed  Presbyterian  Church,  General  Synod 

Seventh  Day  Baptist  Church 
Rev.  A.  J.  C.  Bond,  Salem,  W.  Va. 
Rev.  B.  C.  Davis,  Alfred,  N.  Y. 

United  Brethren  Church 
Bishop  C.  J.  Kephart,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
W.  R.  Funk,  Dayton,  Ohio 

United  Evangelical  Church 
Rev.  W.  M.  Stanford,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
Professor  H.  H.  Rassweiler,  Naperville,  ItL 

United  Presbyterian  Church 
A.  H.  Baldinger,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Fred  McMillan,  Des  Moines,  la. 

Welsh  Presbyterian  Church 
Rev.  R.  E.  Williams,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Rev.  John  Hammond,  Scranton,  Pa. 

ADMINISTRATIVE  COMMITTEE 

Rev.  Albert  G.  Lawson,  Chairman 
Rev.  George  U.  Wenner,    Vice-Chairman 
Rev.  Rivington  D.  Lord,  Recording  Secretary 
Rev.  Alfred  Williams  Anthony  Orrin  R.  Judd 

Mrs.  Fred  S.  Bennett  Alfred  R.  Kimball 

Fletcher  S.  Brockman  Rev.  Frederick  Lynch 

Professor  William  Adams  Brown      Rev.  Rufus  W.  Miller 
Bishop  L.  J.  Coppin  Rev.  Henry  Collin  Minton 

Miss  Mabel  Cratty  Rev.  Frank  Ma,son  North 

John  M.  Glenn  George  A.  Plimpton 

Rev.  Howard  B.  Grose  Rev.  William  H.  Roberts 

Rev.  A.  W.  Harris  Fred  B.  Smith 

Rev.  William  I.  Haven  Rev.  Ezra  S.  Tipple 

Rev.  Finis  S.  Idleman  Bishop  Luther  B.  Wilson 

James  Yereance 


358  THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL 

Advisory  Members  of  the  Administrative  Committee 

Rev.  James  L.  Barton  Rev.    Charles    L.    Thompson 

John  R.  Mott  Mrs.  James  H.  Moore 

Robert  E.  Speer  Mrs.  Henry  W.  Peabody 

COMMITTEE  AT  WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

Rt.  Rev.  Alfred  Harding  Rev.  George  A.  Miller 

Rev.  John  Lee  Allison  Rev.  Forrest  J.  Prettyman 

Chaplain  G.  L.  Bayard  Rev.  Wallace   Radcliffe 

Bishop  Earl  Cranston  Rev.     Charles  F.  Steck 

Rev.   Samuel  H.  Greene  G.  W.  F.  Swartzel 

John  B.  Larner  Rev.  Clarence  A.  Vincent 

THE   NATIONAL   OFFICE   STAFF 

Rev.  Charles   S.   Macfarland,    General   Secretary 

Rev.  Charles  Stelzle,  Field  Secretary  for  Special  Service 

Rev.  Worth  M.  Tippy,  Associate  Secretary 

Rev.  E.  W.  Rankin,  Assistant  Secretary 

Rev.  Sidney  L.  Gulick,  Secretary,  Commission  on  International 
Justice  and  Good-will 

Miss  Caroline  W.  Chase,  Office  Director  and  Private  Secretary 

Miss  Grace  M.  Turton,  Chief  Stenographer 

Miss  Anna  M.  Anderson,  Assistant  to  Treasurer 

Miss  Helen  M.  Roberts,  Secretary  to  Dr.  Guild 

Miss  Ruth  Taylor,  Secretary  to  Mr.  Stelzle 

Miss  Margaret  Renton,  Secretary  to  Mr.  Rankin 

Miss    Nathalie  Farr,  Secretary  to  Dr.  Gulick 

Stanley  T.  Anderson,  Director  of  the  Process  Shop  and  Publica- 
tion Department 

OTHER  EXECUTIVES  AND  ASSISTANTS 

Rev.  Roy  B.  Guild,  Secretary  of  the  Commission  on  Interchurch 

Federations  (State  and  Local),  105  East  22d  Street,  New  York 

City 
Rev.  Worth  M.  Tippy,  Secretary  of  the  Commission  on  the  Church 

and  Social  Service,  105  East  22d  Street,  New  York  City 
Rev.  Charles  O.  Gill,  Secretary  of  the  Commission  on  the  Church 

and  Country  Life,  104  North  Third  Street,  Columbus,  Ohio 
Miss   Kate  Du  Bose,  Private   Secretary,  Washington   Office,  1112 

Woodward  Building,  Washington,  D.  C. 


NEW  OFFICERS  AND  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE    359 

The  following  denominational  secretaries  are  Associate  Secretaries 
of  the  Commission  on  the  Church  and  Social  Service: 

Rev.  Henry  A.  Atkinson,  14  Beacon  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 
Rev.  Samuel  Z.  Batten,  1701  Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Rev.  Frank  M.  Crouch,  281  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 
J.  E.  McAfee,  156  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York 
Rev.  Hacry  F,  Ward,  IZ  Mt,  Vernon  Street,  Bp.ston,  Mass. 


XX.  i 

i 

Chairmen  and  Secretaries  of  Commissions  and  ] 

Committees  of  the  Federal  Council  I 

(AS  APPOINTED  TO  MARCH  i,  1917)  ' 

COMMISSIONS  \ 

Inter  church  Federations  (State  and  Local)  I 

Fred  B.  Smith,  Chairman  ^ 

Rev.  Roy  B.  Guild,  Secretary 

Church  and  Social  Service  ^ 

Rev.  Worth  M.  Tippy,  Secretary  i 

International  Justice  and  Good-will  \ 

Rev.  Sidney  L.  Gulick,  Secretary  { 
Evangelism 

Rev.  Charles  L.  Goodell,  Chairman 

Christian  Education  I 

Rev.  B.  S.  Winchester,  Chairman  ^ 

Church  and  Country  Life  ^ 

Gifford  Pinchot,  Chairman 

Rev.  Charles  O.  Gill,  Secretary,  j 
Temperance 

Carl  E.  Milliken,  Chairman  \ 
Relations  with  the  Orient 

Rev.  William  I.  Haven,  Chairman  J 

COMMITTEES  ] 

Family  Life  and  Religious  Rest  Day  1 

Rev.  Ftniss  S.  Idleman,  Chairman  \ 

Foreign  Missions  5 

Rev.  James  I.  Vance,  Chairman  ^ 

Home  Missions  i 

Rev.  John  M.  Moore,  Chairman  \ 

COOPERATING  BODY  \ 

Home  Missions  Council  ; 

Rev.  Charles  L.  Thompson,  Chairman  \ 


CORRESPONDING  OFFICIALS  361 

THE  CONSTITUENT  DENOMINATIONS 
Stated  Clerks  or  Other  Corresponding  Officials 

Baptist  Churches,  North 
Rev.  William  C.  Bitting,  Corresponding  Secretary,  5109  Waterman 

Avenue,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

National  Baptist  Convention 
Prof.  R.  B.  Hudson,  Secretary,  Selma,  Ala. 

Free  Baptist  Churches 
Rev.  Alfred  Williams  Anthony,  Corresponding  Secretary,  Lewis- 
ton,  Me. 

Christian  Church 
Rev,  J.  F.  Burnett,  Secretary,  Dayton,  O. 

Congregational  Churches 
Rev.  Hubert   C.   Herring,   General   Secretary,    14   Beacon   Street, 

Boston,  Mass. 

Disciples  of  Christ 
Rev.  Robert  G.  Frank,  Secretary,  Liberty,  Mo. 

Friends 
Dr.  Walter  C.  Woodward,  207  College  Avenue,  Richmond,  Ind. 

German  Evangelical  Synod 
Rev.  G.  Fischer,  Secretary,  671  Madison  St.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Evangelical  Association 
Rev.  T.  C.  Meckel,  Secretary,  1903  Woodland  Avenue,  Cleveland,  O. 

Lutheran  Church,  General  Synod 
Rev.  Frank  P.  Manhart,  Secretary,  Selinsgrove,  Pa. 

Mennonite  Church,  General  Conference 
Rev.  H.  A.  Bachmann,  Secretary,  Woodlake,  Cal. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
Rev.  Edwin  Locke,  Topeka,  Kansas 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South 
Rev.  A.  F.  Watkins,  Secretary,  Millsaps  College,  Jackson,  Miss. 

African  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
Rev.  William  D.  Johnson,   Secretary,  Plains,  Ga. 

African  Methodist  Episcopal  Zion  Church 
Bishop  George  W.  Clinton,  415  North  Meyers  Street,  Charlotte, 

N.   C. 

Colored  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  America 
Bishop  N.  C.  Cleaves,  Secretary,  422  Laconte  Street,  Jackson,  Tenn. 

Methodist  Protestant  Church 
Rev.  C.  H.  Beck,  Secretary,  Pittsburgh  Life  Building,  219  Sixth 

Street,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


362                      THE  CHURCHES  IN  COUNCIL  ' 

Moravian  Church  jj 

Rev.  John  S.   Romig,   Secretary,   1141   North  17th   Street,  Phila-            ] 

delphia,  Pa.  \ 

Presbyterian  Church  in  the  U.  S.  A.  j 

Rev.  William    H.    Roberts,    Stated    Clerk,    1319    Walnut    Street,  ^ 

Philadelphia,  Pa.  \ 

Presbyterian  Church  in  the  U.  S.  (South)  ~ 

Rev.  Thomas  H.  Law,  Stated  Oerk,  Spartanburg,  S.  C  i 

Protestant  Episcopal  Church  j 

Rev.  Samuel  Hart,  Secretary,  Middletown,  Conn.  ■ 
Reformed  Church  in  America 

Rev.   Henry  Lockwood,   Permanent  Clerk,   East  Millstone,  N.  J. 

Reformed  Church  in  the  United  States  i 

Rev.  J.  Rauch  Stein,  Stated  Clerk,  359  East  Broad  Street,  Beth-  ] 
lehem,  Pa.  j 
Reformed  Episcopal  Church  ' 
*Address  Rt.  Rev.  Robert  L.  Rudolph,  103  South  36th  Street,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.  .^ 
Reformed  Presbyterian  Church  ] 

Rev.  James  L.  Chestnut,  Stated  Clerk,  Cedarville,  O.  I 

Seventh  Day  Baptist  \ 

Rev.  Henry  N.  Jordan,  Secretary,  Milton  Junction,  Wis.  \ 

United  Brethren  Church  ; 

Bishop  William  M.   Bell,   Secretary,  227  West  51  st  Street,   Los 

Angeles,  Cal.  j 

United  Evangelical  Church  -, 

Rev.  J.  Q.  A.  Curry,  Recording  Secretary,  Johnstown,  Pa.  J 

United  Presbyterian  Church  \ 

Rev.  D.  F.  McGill,  Principal  Qerk,  224  Ridge  Avenue,  Ben  Avon, 
Pa. 

Welsh  Presbyterian  Church  \ 

Rev.  R.   E.   Williams,   Corresponding   Secretary,   56  North   53rd  \ 

Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  i 


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